Actinopteri
| Actinopteri | |
|---|---|
| |
| Atlantic sturgeon (Chondrostei) | |
| |
| Atlantic salmon (Neopterygii) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| (unranked): | Actinopteri Cope, 1871 |
| Subclasses | |
Actinopteri (/æktɪˈnɒptəraɪ/) is the sister group of Cladistia (bichirs) in the class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish).
Dating back to the Permian period, the Actinopteri comprise the Chondrostei (sturgeons and paddlefish), the Holostei (bowfins and gars), and the teleosts; in other words, all extant ray-finned fish other than the bichirs.
In this clade the lungs have evolved into a swim bladder.[1]
Characters of Actinopteri include [2] paired fin structure, a single dorsal fin, fulcra, a large median gular and numerous branchiostegals, ganoid scales, and a valvula cerebelli in the brain.
Classification
The following cladogram[3][4][5][6] summarizes the evolutionary relationships of extant Actinopteri. Divergence time for each clade in mya are based on:[7]
| Actinopteri 400 mya |
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References
- ^ Funk, Emily; Lencer, Ezra; McCune, Amy (September 2020). "Dorsoventral inversion of the air-filled organ (lungs, gas bladder) in vertebrates: RNA-sequencing of laser capture microdissected embryonic tissue". Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B, Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 334 (6): 325–338. Bibcode:2020JEZB..334..325F. doi:10.1002/jez.b.22998. PMC 8094346. PMID 32864827.
- ^ Patterson, Colin (1982). "Morphology and Interrelationships of Primitive Actinopterygian Fishes". American Zoologist. 22 (241): 241–259. doi:10.1093/icb/22.2.241.
- ^ Betancur-R (2016). "Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Version 4". Archived from the original on 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
- ^ Nelson, Joseph, S. (2016). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 9781118342336.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Actinopterygii". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 3 April 2006.
- ^ R. Froese and D. Pauly, ed. (February 2006). "FishBase".
- ^ Thomas J. Near; et al. (2012). "Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification". PNAS. 109 (34): 13698–13703. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913698N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206625109. PMC 3427055. PMID 22869754.