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- Nikolai (Mykola) Gogol was a Russian humorist, dramatist, and novelist of Ukrainian origin. His ancestors were bearing the name of Gogol-Janovsky and claimed belonging to the upper class Polish Szlachta. Gogol's father, a Ukrainian writer living on his old family estate, had five other children. He died when the Gogol was 15. Young Gogol was fond of the drama class at his high school in Nezhin, Ukraine. He was strongly influenced by his religious mother, as well as by the enchanting beauty of the Ukrainian folklore. He also called himself a "free Cossac".
At age 18 Gogol moved to St. Petersburg, became a student, and later a professor of history at the St. Petersburg University. His short stories, set in St. Petersburg, became a success. His play "Revizor" (1836, The Inspector General) had its premiere in St. Petersburg attended by the Tzar Nickolai I. But it also made him many powerful enemies who hated his satire on the corrupt Russian society. It was his friend Alexander Pushkin who suggested to him the subject for "Revizor". Pushkin also suggested the main idea of "The Dead Souls" (1842), a bitter satirical story of a crook, who was buying the names of dead surfs from various greedy landlords, for a tax-evasion scheme. In his other famous story "Shinel" (1842, The Overcoat) a poor clerk is intimidated both by thieves and by the government. Gogol's discontent against the slavery and social injustices in Russia caused him trouble. He escaped to Europe for 12 years, returning to Russia briefly to publish the 1st part of "The Dead Souls".
His religious beliefs were used by the State-controlled Orthodox Church to place guilt on him and to cause interruption of his literary work. In 1848 he made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. After his return to Russia, he settled in Moscow, where he fell under the control of the fanatical Orthodox priest, Konstantinovskii, who demanded that Gogol quit writing and destroy the manuscript of the 2nd part of "The Dead Souls". Torn by his inner conflict with guilt and being under the pressure from the fanatical priest, Gogol burned his manuscript. He died nine days later in pain without having any food during his last days. In the 1931 excavation of his tomb, his body was found lying face down, which caused suspicion that Gogol was buried alive.
His style involves the elements of the fantastic and grotesque, with the taste for the macabre and absurd, following the tradition of E.T.A. Hoffmann. Fyodor Dostoevsky proclaimed, "We all came out from under his Overcoat", referring to Gogol's influence on Russian writers. Sometimes compared with Franz Kafka, Gogol had such followers, as Yevgeni Zamyatin, Vladimir Nabokov, and Mikhail A. Bulgakov. - Writer
- Soundtrack
Thomas Moore was born on 28 May 1779 in Dublin, Kingdom of Ireland [now Ireland]. He was a writer, known for The Ladykillers (1955), The Other Guys (2010) and Gettysburg (1993). He died on 25 February 1852 in Wiltshire, England, UK.- Writer
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Salvatore Cammarano was born on 19 March 1801 in Naples, Kingdom of Naples [now Campania, Italy]. He was a writer, known for Match Point (2005), The Money Pit (1986) and Lucia di Lammermoor (1971). He died on 17 July 1852 in Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies [now Campania, Italy].- Gideon Mantell was born on 3 February 1790 in Lewes, Sussex, England, UK. He was married to Mary Ann Mantell. He died on 10 November 1852 in London, England, UK.
- Writer
- Soundtrack
John Howard Payne was born on 9 June 1791 in East Hampton, New York, USA. He was a writer, known for The Family Stone (2005), The Chechahcos (1923) and First Love (1939). He died on 10 April 1852 in Tunis, Tunisia.- Josef Drechsler was born on 26 May 1782 in Wällischbirken, Bohemia, Habsburg Monarchy, Holy Roman Empire [now Vlachovo Brezi, Czech Republic]. Josef was a composer, known for Der Kegelkönig (1942), Der Bauer als Millionär (1961) and Der Bauer als Millionär (1963). Josef died on 27 February 1852 in Vienna, Austrian Empire [now Austria].
- Writer
- Soundtrack
Jacopo Ferretti was born on 16 July 1784 in Rome, Papal State [now Lazio, Italy]. He was a writer, known for Cenerentola (1949), La Cenerentola (1982) and Great Performances (1971). He died on 7 March 1852 in Rome, Papal State [now Lazio, Italy].- Writer
- Soundtrack
Vasili Zhukovsky was born on 9 February 1783 in Mishenskoe, Tula Governorate, Russian Empire [now Tula Oblast, Russia]. He was a writer, known for The Fair Barbara (1970), Ryska snuvan (1937) and Elena's Destiny, a Russian Saga (2007). He was married to Elisabeth von Reutern. He died on 24 April 1852 in Baden-Baden, Grand Duchy of Baden [now Baden-Württemberg, Germany].- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Prins Gustaf Oscar was born on 18 June 1827 in Solna, Stockholms län, Sweden. He is known for Walpurgis Night (1935), Löjtnantshjärtan (1942) and One Summer of Happiness (1951). He died on 24 September 1852 in Kristiania, Norway.- Álvares de Azevedo was born on 12 September 1831 in São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Álvares was a writer, known for Noite na Taverna (2014). Álvares died on 25 April 1852 in Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.