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ICEs attach a [[Computer terminal|terminal]] or [[IBM PC clone|PC]] to the embedded system. The terminal or PC provides an interactive [[user interface]] for the programmer to investigate and control the embedded system. For example, it is routine to have a [[Debugger|source code level debugger]] with a graphical windowing interface that communicates through a JTAG adapter ("emulator") to an embedded target system which has no graphical user interface.
Notably, when their program fails, most embedded systems simply become inert lumps of nonfunctioning electronics. Embedded systems often lack basic functions to detect signs of [[Software bug|software failure]], such as an [[Memory Management Unit|MMU]] to catch memory access errors. Without an ICE, the development of embedded systems can be extremely difficult, because there is usually no way to tell what went wrong. With an ICE, the programmer can usually test pieces of code, then isolate the fault to a particular section of code, and then inspect the failing code and rewrite it to solve the problem.
In usage, an ICE provides the programmer with execution [[breakpoint]]s, memory display and monitoring, and input/output control. Beyond this, the ICE can be programmed to look for any range of matching criteria to pause at, in an attempt to identify the origin of the failure.
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