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Cia-Cia language

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The Cia-Cia language, also known as South Buton(ese), is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the town of Bau-Bau on the southern tip of Buton Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.

Cia-Cia
바하사 찌아찌아
File:Cia-Cia text in hangul (cover).jpg
The cover of the elementary Cia-Cia reader. The title reads Bahasa Ciacia 1.
RegionButon Island, Sulawesi
Native speakers
80,000 (as of 2005)[1]
Hangul (as of 2009), formerly Gundul
Language codes
ISO 639-3cia

In 2009 the language gained international media attention with a decision by the town of Bau-Bau to officially adopt Korean hangul as the modern script for Cia-Cia.[2]

However, Indonesian Ambassador to Korea Nicholas T. Dammen and Professor Chun Tai-hyun, who first proposed the idea of adopting the Korean alphabet to the Bau-bau mayor in 2007, discount reports on Korea's export of hangul.[3]

They told The Korea Times in January 2010 that hangul had yet to be officially adopted by the Cia Cia because Bau-bau Mayor Amirul Tamim had not taken due procedures necessary for a foreign alphabet to be recognized as an official writing system.

Demographics

As of 2005 there were about 80,000 speakers.[1] Speakers also use Wolio, which is closely related, or Indonesian Malay. Wolio is falling into disuse as a written language among the Cia-Cia, as it is written using the Arabic alphabet and Indonesian is now taught in schools with the Latin alphabet.[4]

Geographic distribution

Cia-Cia is spoken in Southeast Sulawesi, south Buton Island, Binongko Island, and Batu Atas Island.[1]

According to legend, Cia-Cia speakers on Binonko descend from Butonese troops sent by a Butonese Sultan.[5]

Name

The name of the language comes from the negator cia 'no'.[1] Cia-Cia is also known as Buton(ese), Butung, or Dutch Boetoneezen, names it shares with Wolio, and South Buton or Southern Butung.[1]

Dialects

The language situation on the island of Buton is very complicated and not known in great detail.[6]

Dialects include Kaesabu, Sampolawa (Mambulu-Laporo), Wabula (with its subvarieties), and Masiri.[1][7] The Masiri dialect shows the greatest amount of vocabulary in common with the standard dialect.[1] Konisi & Hidayat discuss two dialects, Pesisir and Pedamalan; Pedamalan has gh in native words where Pesisir has r, but has r in loan words.

Orthography

Cia-Cia was once written in a Jawi-like script, called Gundul, based on Arabic with five additional consonant letters but no signs for vowels.

In 2009 the language gained international media attention with a decision by the town of Bau-Bau to adopt Korean hangul as the modern script for Cia-Cia, beginning a pilot project to teach a class of fifty third-grade students the alphabet using textbooks created by the Hunminjeongeum Society.[2][8][9][10][11]

The Cia-Cia alphabet [12]
Consonants ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㅌ ㄸ ㄹ ᄙ* ㅁ ㅂ ㅸ ㅍ ㅃ ㅅ ㅇ** ㅈ ㅉ ㅎ
romanized g k n d dh t r ~ gh, l m b v ~ w bh p s null, ’, ng j c h
IPA [ɡ] [k] [n] [ɗ] [d] [t] [r ~ ʁ, l] [m] [ɓ] [β] [b] [p] [s] [-, ʔ, ŋ] [dʒ] [tʃ] [h]
Vowels ㅏ ㅔ ㅗ ㅜ ㅣ ㅡ
romanized a e o u i null

* ᄙ is not considered a separate letter of the alphabet. Medial /r/ and /l/ are distinguished by writing ㄹ single for /r/ or doubled for /l/; however, doubled ㄹ must be written across two syllables, as in 빨리 pali vs. 세링 sering. The empty vowel ㅡ is added before an initial doubled ㄹ, so that initial /l/ is written 을ㄹ-. However, final /l/ is written with a single ㄹ; for final /r/, the empty vowel is added, so that it is written 르 as if it were a separate syllable, as in 사요르 sayor.

** ㅇ inherits the null-[ŋ] conventions of Korean. However, it is not clear if or how glottal stop [ʔ] is distinguished; note that in Malay, glottal stop is assumed between identical vowels and not written overtly.

In adapting hangul to the structure of Cia-Cia, the obsolete letter ㅸ was resurrected for /v/.[13] The implosives /ɓ/ and /ɗ/ are written with standard hangul letters.[14]

Sample:[15]

아디 세링 빨리 노논또 뗄레ᄫᅵ시. 아마노 노뽀옴바에 이아 나누몬또 뗄레ᄫᅵ시 꼴리에 노몰렝오.
adi sering pali nononto televisi. amano nopo'ombae ia nanumonto televisi kolie nomolengo.

Words

The numerals 1–10 are:

Numerals 1–10[16]
English one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
Romanization dise, ise rua, ghua tolu pa'a lima no'o picu walu, oalu siua ompulu

Verb

  • 부리 buri (bughi) 'write'
  • 뽀가우 pogau 'chat'
  • 바짜안 baca'an 'read.'[15][17]

Noun

  • 까아나 ka'ana 'home'
  • 시골라 sigola 'school'
  • 사요르 sayor 'vegetable'
  • 보꾸 boku 'book'[18][19]

Speech

  • 따리마 까시 Tarima kasi. 'Thanks.'
  • 인다우 미아노 찌아찌아 Indau miano Cia-Cia. 'I am a Cia-Cia.'
  • 인다우 뻬엘루 이소오 Indau pe'elu iso'o. 'I love you.'
  • 모아뿌 이사우 Moapu isau. 'Excuse me.'
  • 움베 Umbe. 'Yes.'
  • 찌아 Cia. 'No.'[20]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Ethnologue: Languages of the World (unknown ed.). SIL International.[This citation is dated, and should be substituted with a specific edition of Ethnologue]
  2. ^ a b Agence France-Presse, "Southeast Sulawesi Tribe Using Korean Alphabet to Preserve Native Tongue", Jakarta Globe, 2009 August 06
  3. ^ Korea Times, Quest to Globalize 'Hangeul' Raises Questions
  4. ^ Butonese - Introduction
  5. ^ Noorduyn, J. 1991. "A critical survey of studies on the languages of Sulawesi" p. 131.
  6. ^ Noorduyn, J. 1991. "A critical survey of studies on the languages of Sulawesi" p. 130.
  7. ^ Donohue, Mark. 1999. "A grammar of Tukang Besi". p. 6.
  8. ^ "South Korea's Latest Export: Its Alphabet", New York Times, 2009 Sept. 11
  9. ^ Korea Times, 2009-08-06[1]
  10. ^ Indonesian tribe to use Korean alphabet
  11. ^ (LEAD) Indonesian tribe picks Korean alphabet as official writing system
  12. ^ slideshow
  13. ^ Template:Ko icon "사라질 소수민족 언어 '한글'로 새 생명(Hangul which brings the new life to the Cia-Cia people)" (in Korean). 경향신문 (京鄉新聞)/Kyunghyang Sinmun. 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
  14. ^ To Save Its Dying Tongue, Indonesian Isle Orders Out for Korean
  15. ^ a b Template:Ko icon 印尼 소수민족, '한글' 공식 문자로 채택
  16. ^ Numbers in Austronesian languages
  17. ^ Template:Ko icon 인도네시아에 한글 사용하는 섬 생겼다
  18. ^ Template:Ko icon 8월20일 뉴스후 131회 - ‘따리마까시(고마워요), 한글’ (밤9시45분)
  19. ^ Template:Ko icon 한글을 공식문자로 채택한 인도네시아 한글마을 가보니 | 현장스케치 (전체공개)
  20. ^ Template:Ko icon 세계속의 한글

References

  • van den Berg, René. 1991. "Preliminary notes on the Cia-Cia language (South Buton)." In Harry A. Poeze and Pim Schoorl (eds.), Excursies in Celebes: Een bundel bijdragen bij het afscheid van J. Noorduyn als directeur-secretaris van het KITLV, 305-24. Leiden: KITLV.
  • Mustafa Abdullah. 1985. Struktur bahasa Cia-Cia. Proyek Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah Sulawesi Selatan, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
  • Ho-Young Lee, Hyosung Hwang, Abidin. 2009. Bahasa Cia-Cia 1. Hunmin jeongeum Society of Korea.
  • Template:Id icon Konisi & Hidayat, 2001, Analisis kategori kata bahasa cia liwungau
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