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There is evidence of Norse trade with the natives (called the {{lang|non|[[Skræling]]}} by the Norse). The Norse would have encountered both [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] (the [[Beothuk]], related to the Algonquin) and the [[Thule People|Thule]], the ancestors of the [[Inuit]]. The [[Dorset culture|Dorset]] had withdrawn from Greenland before the Norse settlement of the island. Items such as comb fragments, pieces of iron cooking utensils and chisels, chess pieces, ship [[rivets]], carpenter's planes, and oaken ship fragments used in Inuit boats have been found far beyond the traditional range of Norse colonization. A small [[ivory]] statue that appears to represent a [[European ethnic groups|European]] has also been found among the ruins of an Inuit community house.<ref name="TVA" />
[[File:Dorset,_Norse,_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg|thumb|Map showing the expansion of the [[Thule people]] (900 to 1500)]]
The settlements began to decline in the 14th century. The Western Settlement was abandoned around 1350, and the last bishop at Garðar died in 1377.<ref name="TVA" /> After a marriage was recorded in 1408, no written records mention the settlers. It is probable that the Eastern Settlement was defunct by the late 15th century. The most recent [[radiocarbon]] date found in Norse settlements as of 2002 was 1430 (±15 years).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dugmore |first1=Andrew J. |last2=Keller |first2=Christian |last3=McGovern |first3=Thomas H. |date=2007 |title=Norse Greenland Settlement: Reflections on Climate Change, Trade, and the Contrasting Fates or Human Settlements in the North Atlantic Islands |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40316683 |journal=Arctic Anthropology |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=12–36 |doi=10.1353/arc.2011.0038 |jstor=40316683 |pmid=21847839 |s2cid=10030083 |issn=0066-6939
The [[Little Ice Age]] of this period would have made travel between Greenland and Europe, as well as farming, more difficult; although seal and other hunting provided a healthy diet, there was more prestige in cattle farming, and there was increased availability of farms in Scandinavian countries depopulated by famine and [[Black Plague|plague]] epidemics.<ref name="www.spiegel.de">{{cite web |last=Stockinger |first=Günther |title=Archaeologists Uncover Clues to Why Vikings Abandoned Greenland |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/archaeologists-uncover-clues-to-why-vikings-abandoned-greenland-a-876626.html |publisher=[[Der Spiegel]] Online |date=10 January 2012 |access-date=12 January 2013 |archive-date=28 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928002823/https://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/archaeologists-uncover-clues-to-why-vikings-abandoned-greenland-a-876626.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, Greenlandic ivory may have been supplanted in European markets by cheaper ivory from Africa.<ref>{{cite journal
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