 | This is an information page. It is not an encyclopedic article, nor one of Wikipedia's policies or guidelines; rather, its purpose is to explain certain aspects of the Wikipedia:Disambiguation guideline. It may reflect differing levels of consensus and vetting. |
An ambiguous title is an article title that applies to more than one topic described on Wikipedia. Sometimes one of those topics is considered the primary topic for that ambiguous title, and the article for that use is placed at the plain base name title (e.g., Paris is an article about the capital city of France), or if another title is preferred for the article, the plain base name is made to redirect to the preferred title (e.g., Hurricane redirects to Tropical cyclone). In other cases there is no primary topic, and a disambiguation page is placed at the title (e.g., Thriller is a disambiguation page). Normally the other non-primary uses are placed at titles that are disambiguated naturally (see WP:NATURALDIS), or with a comma (e.g., Paris, Texas), or parenthetically (e.g., Mercury (planet)). Sometimes titles with a commonly used qualifier remain at least somewhat ambiguous. For example, there are 9 different albums and an EP named Thriller that are discussed on Wikipedia, so the name Thriller (album) is somewhat ambiguous. Some editors call these partially disambiguated titles (PDABs), or incompletely disambiguated titles (WP:INCDAB or WP:INCOMPDAB).
The main question about PDABs is whether a PDAB itself can have a primary topic. In the example of Thriller (album), there is one album that is very well known and is considered much more highly notable than the others.
A request for comments concluded on 3 September 2019 that PDABs can have primary topics, but that "the standard for making disambiguated titles such as Foo (bar) a primary topic among all Foo's that are bars should be tougher than the standard for titles that don't have any disambiguator". The Wikipedia guideline section known as WP:INCDAB or WP:INCOMPDAB was modified to reflect this.
WP:INCDAB was previously less specific about this issue. For example, as of December 2017, it said only that "When a more specific title is still ambiguous, but not enough so to call for double disambiguation, it should redirect back to the main disambiguation page (or a section of it). This aids navigation, and helps editors to avoid creating new articles under the ambiguous title by accident. Such redirects should be marked with {{R from incomplete disambiguation}}."
Further back in time, there was a period of a few months in 2013 when the wording of the guidelines included a stronger discouragement of PDABs having primary topics – e.g., at one point it directly said that "Only non-disambiguated terms are eligible to have primary topics."
Primary topic considerations
editCentral to disagreements about PDABs is whether the principle of WP:PRIMARYTOPIC applies to incompletely disambiguated titles. The quintessential example is whether Thriller (album) should lead to the Michael Jackson album named Thriller or to the disambiguation page at Thriller. As of this writing, it is an article about the Michael Jackson album, which some editors say indicates that the album is recognized by the community to be the primary topic for the term "Thriller (album)". There is also the point that any phrase which can be the title of a dab page could also be a potential candidate for having a primary topic, and does have a primary topic if one of the uses on that page meets the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC criteria for that title relative to the other uses on that page. Others feel that since the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC section does not specifically reference incompletely disambiguated titles like Thriller (album), the concept of "primary topic" doesn't apply to such titles, and so the Michael Jackson album cannot be said to be a proper "primary topic" for this term.
The fundamental question is whether a given PDAB title should be used as the title of an article (or should be a redirect to one specific article) in cases where there is one topic that is arguably the "primary topic" for the PDAB title. If WP:PRIMARYTOPIC does not apply to PDABs, how do we decide whether a PDAB title in question should be the title of a specific article (or a redirect to such an article) or a disambiguation page (or a redirect to a disambiguation page)?
Former WP:Disambiguation guideline content on this issue was established by this May 2013 Village pump policy discussion, which concluded that only non-disambiguated terms should be eligible to have primary topics. However, its wording or inclusion in the Wikipedia:Disambiguation editing guideline was disputed. Concurrently with a September 2013 discussion at Wikipedia talk:Disambiguation, that conclusion was removed from the guideline, for lack of consensus. See also: The shortcut's redirect for discussion.
Additionally, following a Request for Comment discussion, it was concluded in June 2016 that PDABs should sometimes be used for song and album articles when there are no other standalone articles sharing the same song or album name.
Historically, films have been treated differently from songs and albums per the WP:PRIMARYFILM guideline. However, a discussion to review the guideline was opened on 26 March 2024.
Original version of the former guideline (May 22, 2013)
editPartially disambiguated titles:
Only non-disambiguated terms are eligible to have primary topics. Parenthetically disambiguated titles that remain ambiguous are not considered to have a primary topic on Wikipedia. For example, Party (album) can refer to Party (Iggy Pop album), Party (Nick Swardson album), and Party (Pet Shop Boys album), therefore Party (album) redirects to Party (disambiguation); neither article should be considered the primary topic for "Party (album)" because that title employs parenthetical disambiguation. While a partially disambiguated term should not serve as the title of an article, it can redirect to an article in cases when such redirection does not introduce additional ambiguity. For example, New York (city) redirects to New York City, which is only one of several cities called "New York"; however, the term "New York City" does not employ parenthetical disambiguation and that title can itself refer to all the other cities called "New York" as well, therefore no additional ambiguity is introduced by New York (city) redirecting there.[1]
Final version of the former guideline (September 18, 2013)
editPartially disambiguated page names:
If a page name containing a parenthetical qualifier is still ambiguous, it might not be a suitable article title. In such an instance, a more precise qualifier should be used. For example, Party (album) is insufficiently precise because Party (Iggy Pop album), Party (Nick Swardson album), and Party (Pet Shop Boys album) exist. Therefore, Party (album) has no primary topic and serves as a redirect to Party (disambiguation), tagged {{R from incomplete disambiguation}}. With some naming conventions, it is appropriate to redirect a partially disambiguated term to an article. If so, a hatnote directing readers to other possible targets (or a disambiguation page) should be used.[2]
List of reported partially disambiguated article titles and their characteristics
editThe following is a manually updated list of article titles with parenthetical partial disambiguation on the English language Wikipedia. Cases where there is no other standalone article involved in the ambiguity are treated in separate subsections at the end of this section.
(actor) or (actress)
edit- Bhavana (actress), a Malayalam actress – also Bhavana (Kannada actress) and five other actresses at Bhavana (disambiguation) § People (RM closed as no consensus 28 February 2024, and not moved 6 June 2024). Bhavana (Kannada actress) is also partially disambiguated, since the other actress also acted in Kannada films.
- Sam Jackson (actor), an English actor – also Sam Peter Jackson and Samuel L. Jackson (a much more well-known actor who is sometimes credited as "Sam Jackson") (RM closed as no consensus to move on 16 July 2023)
- Rahman (actor), an Indian actor – also Rahman (Bengali actor) (RM closed as not moved 30 October 2022, page view ratio more than 200:1)
- David Ross (actor), a British actor – also David Ross (actor, born 1728) (no record of article title discussion, 180:1 pageview ratio)
- Jane Seymour (actress) (an English-American actress) – also Jane Seymour (Canadian actress) (second actress identified as Canadian although most of her life and all of her career were in the U.S., RM discussion closed as not moved 24 January 2023, more than 100:1 pageview ratio)
- Robert Shaw (actor), a British actor – also Robert Gottschall, a relatively obscure American actor who was sometimes, although not consistently, called Robert Shaw (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 23 August 2017 noting the obscurity and inconsistent crediting of the American actor, proposal to move to simply Robert Shaw failed 6 May 2021 due to lack of clearly greater notability than all the 33 other Robert Shaw topics combined, pageview ratio more than 500:1)
- Sunil (actor), a Telugu actor – also Sunil (Kannada actor) (RM closed as no consensus 21 August 2023, pageview ratio 69:1 ratio).
(album), (EP), (soundtrack), other music releases
edit- 1989 (album) (by Taylor Swift) – also 1989 (Ryan Adams album) (a cover of the album), 1989 (Taylor's Version) (a re-recording of the album) and four other albums listed at 1989 (disambiguation) § Albums (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 30 August 2023, pageview ratio about 51:1 relative to the Ryan Adams album)
- 30 (album) (by Adele) – also 30 (Harry Connick Jr. album) and five other albums listed at 30 § Music (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 4 January 2024, pageview ratio about 200:1)
- Abraxas (album) (by Santana) – also Abraxas: Book of Angels Volume 19 (69:1 pageview ratio)
- Bad (album) (by Michael Jackson) – also Bigger and Deffer, which is abbreviated as BAD on the cover (~8:1 pageview ratio)
- Born This Way (album) (by Lady Gaga) – also Born This Way (Cookie Crew album) and Born This Way: The Remix (a Lady Gaga remix album) and Born This Way: The Collection (a Lady Gaga compilation containing Born This Way and The Remix) (PDAB aspect not discussed in prior RMs, which have been about whether disambiguation is needed at all for the album, 4:1 pageview ratio relative to the other three albums combined, two of which are arguably only partial title matches based on the other album of the same artist)
- Brat (album) (by Charli XCX) – also Brat (Nnamdï album) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 23 June 2024, ~213:1 pageview ratio)
- Currents (album) (by Tame Impala) – also Currents (Eisley album) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 30 April 2024, pageview ratio 90:1)
- Graceland (album) (by Paul Simon) – also Graceland (Kierra Sheard album) (233:1 pageview ratio)
- Graduation (album) (by Kanye West) – also Graduation (Deen album) and Graduation: Singles (RM closed as not moved 19 October 2022, pageview ratio more than 1000:1)
- Hot Pink (album) (by Doja Cat) – also Hot Pink (The Pink Spiders album) (pageview ratio about 100:1)
- Hotel California (album) (by the Eagles) – also Hotel California (Tyga album) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 29 December 2023, pageview ratio about 100:1)
- KOD (album) (by J. Cole) – also K.O.D. (Tech N9ne album) (30:1 pageview ratio; punctuation may be seen as sufficient disambiguation)
- Lemonade (album) (by Beyoncé) – also Lemonade (G. Love album), Lemonade (EP), Lemonade (Mucky Pup album), and five other albums listed at Lemonade (disambiguation) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 4 August 2023, pageview ratio 88:1 relative to the three other albums with articles combined)
- Love Can Build a Bridge (album) - also Love Can Build a Bridge (video)
- Let It Be (album) (by the Beatles) – also Let It Be (Bud Shank album), Let It Be (Laibach album) and Let It Be (The Replacements album) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 19 December 2023)
- Madonna (album) (by Madonna) – also Madonna (Alisha Chinai album) (a Madonna cover album) and Madonna (...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead album) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title on 4 July 2023 with a pageview ratio of around 24:1, previous RMs in 2016 and 2017 closed as no consensus before the 2019 RFC)
- My Generation (album) (by The Who) – also My Generation: The Very Best of The Who and Sakura Gakuin 2012 Nendo: My Generation in the Sakura Gakuin discography (title never discussed, the Best of topic is clearly derivative and both other topics are only a partial title match)
- Reputation (album) (by Taylor Swift) – also Reputation (Dusty Springfield album) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 21 December 2021, not moved 20 October 2022 after another RM, 56:1 pageview ratio)
- Sunshine Superman (album) (by Donovan) – also Sunshine Superman: 18 Songs of Love and Freedom and Sunshine Superman: The Very Best of Donovan (~46:1 pageview ratio relative to the two other albums with articles combined)
- The Sound of Music (soundtrack) – also The Sound of Music: Music from the NBC Television Event (44:1 pageview ratio)
- Thriller (album) (by Michael Jackson) – also eight other albums and one EP named Thriller (and an album named Thr!!!er) listed at Thriller § Music (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 13 November 2019 after seven RM discussions that were all about whether partial disambiguation was preferred or not; 92:1 pageview ratio over the sum of all other albums with exact title matches)
- True Colors (Cyndi Lauper album) – also True Colors: The Best of Cyndi Lauper (~8:1 pageview ratio)
- What's Going On (album) (by Marvin Gaye) – also What's Going On (Dirty Dozen Brass Band album) and What's Going On (Johnny "Hammond" Smith album) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 22 February 2024, pageview ratio of roughly 200:1 relative to the exact title matches)
(AM)
editPer WP:NCBC, current radio stations are considered the primary topic over former ones with the same callsign, resulting in partial disambiguation when an AM radio station callsign is ambiguous with non-radio topics or FM radio stations.
- KOLT (AM) (current radio station in Terrytown, Nebraska) – also KOLT (1320 AM) (defunct radio station in Scottsbluff, Nebraska)
- WAYS (AM) (current radio station in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina) – also WAYS (1500 AM) (defunct radio station in Macon, Georgia) and WFNZ (AM) (current radio station in Charlotte, North Carolina that previously held the callsign WAYS)
- WCHI (AM) (current radio station in Chillicothe, Ohio) – also WCHI (1490 AM) (defunct radion station in Chicago, Illinois)
- WLEE (AM) (current radio station in Winona, Mississippi) – also WLEE (1480 AM) (defunct radio station in Richmond, Virginia) and two other defunct radio stations that previously held the callsign WLEE
- WZUM (AM) (current radio station in Pittsburgh, Pensylvania) – also WZUM (1590 AM) (defunct radio station in Carnegie, Pennsylvania)
(band), (singer), other music artists
edit- Alabama (band) (an American band) – also Alabama (Canadian band) (RM closed as not moved 26 March 2019, 100:1 pageview ratio)
- Caravan (band) (an English band) – also Caravan (Thai band) (RM closed 30 October 2022 with no consensus, 39:1 pageview ratio)
- Exodus (band) (an American band) – see also Exodus (Polish band) (more than 100:1 pageview ratio; RM closed as moved to the partially disambiguated name 20 October 2022)
- Free (band) (an English band) – three other bands with similar or identical names at Free (disambiguation) (more than 10:1 pageview ratio over the others combined, which are primarily known by somewhat different names, RM closed as not moved 16 August 2022)
- Genesis (band) (an English band) – also Génesis (band) and the original name of Vixen (band) (the accent is a distinguishing feature, and Vixen may not have been notable when they were called Genesis, 440:1 pageview ratio between the non-accented and accented bands)
- Hanson (band) (an American band) – also Hanson (British band) (no RM discussion history, pageview ratio around 300:1)
- Jet (band) (an Australian band) – also Jet (British band) (RM closed as moved to the partially disambiguated name 17 February 2024)
- Kiss (band) (an American band) – also Kiss (South Korean group) (RM closed as not moved 13 January 2016, the South Korean group was not exactly a band, 85:1 pageview ratio)
- Lisa (South Korean singer) (born 1980) – also Lisa (rapper) (born 1997), a Thai rapper and singer who is a member of a South Korean girl group (RM closed as no consensus 14 March 2024)
- Nana (entertainer) - also Nana (rapper) and a member of the band Wooah (~20:1 pageview ratio with the rapper, RM opened 29 September 2024)
- Nirvana (band) (an American band) – also Nirvana (British band) and Nirvana 2002 (RM closed as not moved 15 May 2013 and again 6 November 2018, 53:1 pageview ratio relative to the other two combined)
- Oasis (band) (a 1990s English band) – also Oasis (American band) and Oasis (1980s band) (another English band) (no discussion of the PDAB issue is evident, more than 100:1 pageview ratio versus the other two combined)
- Rosé (singer) (a Korean-New Zealand singer, born 1997) – also Rosé (drag queen) (a Scottish-American drag queen, born 1989), who is also a singer (RM closed as not moved 6 June 2024, 15:1 pageview ratio)
- Scooter (band) (a German techno music group) – also Scooter (Belgian band) (no RM discussion history, 99:1 pageview ratio)
- Steve Miller (musician) - also Steve Miller (author) and a pianist in Delivery (British band) (~100:1 page view ratio versus the author, RM closed as no consensus to move to the primary topic 14 November 2023)
(cat), (dog), other animals
edit- Socks (cat) (a pet of the Clinton family) – also the protagonist of Socks (novel), the short name of the cat Sockington, and a prominent Blue Peter pet, RM closed as no consensus on 13 January 2024 (pageview ratio about 7:1 relative to those other three combined)
(cricketer), (footballer), other sports players
edit- James Anderson (cricketer) (an English cricketer born in 1982) – also James Anderson (Australian cricketer) and Duncan Anderson, an Australian cricketer who was also known as James Anderson (RM closed as not moved 16 September 2022)
- Willie Brown (American football) (Hall of Fame cornerback) – also Willie Brown (American football, born 1942) (RM closed as no consensus 1 January 2020, 27:1 pageview ratio)
- Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer) – also Ronaldo (footballer, born 1962), Ronaldo (footballer, born 1977), Ronaldo (footballer, born 1980), Ronaldo (footballer, born 1990), Ronaldo (footballer, born 1991), Ronaldo (footballer, born August 1996), Ronaldo (footballer, born October 1996), and Ronaldo (footballer, born December 2000) (RM closed as not moved 4 August 2023, 178:1 pageview ratio relative to the other eight combined)
- Joe Smith (pitcher), a 2010s Major League pitcher – also Joe Smith (1910s pitcher), who played five games in the Negro leagues (RM closed as not moved 23 November 2021, 310:1 pageview ratio)
- Steve Smith (cricketer) (an Australian cricketer born in 1989) – also Steve Smith (cricketer, born 1961) and Stephen Smith (cricketer) (RM closed as no consensus 23 July 2019; 88:1 pageview ratio versus the other two combined)
(film)
edit- 2012 (film) (a 2009 American film directed by Roland Emmerich) – five other films listed at 2012 (disambiguation) § Film (~99:1 pageview ratio relative to the four other films with articles combined)
- Carousel (film) (a 1956 American film directed by Henry King) – three other films listed at Carousel (disambiguation) § Films (RM closed as not moved 6 November 2024, ~19:1 pageview ratio relative to the the other three films combined)
- Day & Night (2010 film) (an American film directed by Teddy Newton) – also Tag und Nacht (film) (a 2010 Austrian film directed by Sabine Derflinger), which translates to Day and Night (~27:1 pageview ratio)
- Kiss of the Spider Woman (film) (a 1985 American-Brazilian film directed by Héctor Babenco) – also Kiss of the Spider Woman (upcoming film) (an upcoming American film directed by Bill Condon) (RM closed as not moved 31 March 2024)
- Old School (film) (a 2003 American film directed by Todd Phillips) – also Old school (2002 film) (a Nigerian film directed by Gabriel Moses) (~1257:1 pageview ratio)
- Rudy (film) (a 1993 American film directed by David Anspaugh) – also Rudy: The Rudy Giuliani Story (a 2003 American film directed by Robert Dornhelm) (~50:1 pageview ratio)
- The Smurfs (film) (a 2011 American film directed by Raja Gosnell) – also The Smurfs Movie (a 2025 American–Belgian film directed by Chris Miller) (RM closed as no consensus 12 September 2024)
- Vertigo (film) (a 1958 American film directed by Alfred Hitchcock) – four other films listed at Vertigo (disambiguation) § Film (RM closed as not moved 11 October 2023, 480:1 pageview ratio relative to the other four films combined)
- Wish (film) (a 2023 American film directed by Chris Buck and Fawn Veerasunthorn) – also Hope (2013 film) (a South Korean film directed by Lee Joon-ik), which was also known as Wish (RM closed as not moved 8 June 2024, ~23:1 pageview ratio)
(magazine)
edit- Man's World (periodical) - also MW (Indian magazine) which was previously named Man's World (RM closed as not moved 5 July 2024)
- People (magazine) (an American magazine) – also People (Australian magazine) (RM closed as no consensus in January 2014 and as not moved in February 2015, 84:1 pageview ratio)
- Punch (magazine) – also Punch (Danish magazine), Adelaide Punch, Melbourne Punch and Sydney Punch (no discussion of the title evident, pageview ratio about 45:1 relative to the four others combined)
- Vanity Fair (magazine) – four other magazines at Vanity Fair (disambiguation) and an article about the family at Vanity Fair (magazines) (21:1 pageview ratio between the current magazine and the family of magazines)
(opera)
edit- Faust (opera) (by Gounod) – also Faust (Spohr) (RM closed as not moved July 2019, 37:1 pageview ratio)
- Lohengrin (opera) (by Wagner) – also Lohengrin (Sciarrino) (RM closed as not moved July 2019, 100:1 pageview ratio)
(song)
edit- "Anti-Hero" (song) (by Taylor Swift) – also "Anti Hero (Brave New World)" (by Marlon Roudette) (pageview ratio over 300:1)
- "Imagine" (song) (by John Lennon) – also "Imagine" (Ariana Grande song), "Imagine" (Shola Ama song), "Imagine" (Snoop Dogg song), "Imagine" (Tone Damli song) and nine other songs at Imagine (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 24 April 2024; ~11:1 pageview ratio relative to the four other songs with articles combined)
- "Let It Be" (song) (by the Beatles) – also "Let It Be" (Labrinth song) and three other songs listed at Let It Be § Songs (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 19 December 2023)
- "Poker Face" (song) (by Lady Gaga) – also "Poker Face" (Ayumi Hamasaki song) and two other songs listed at Poker face (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title on 10 November 2021; 37:1 pageview ratio)
- "Respect" (song) (written and originally recorded by Otis Redding, popularized by Aretha Franklin) – also "Respect" (Alliance Ethnik song), "Respect" (Joel Turner song) and others at Respect (disambiguation) (no discussion of the title evident, more than 100:1 pageview ratio between the Otis Redding song and the other two songs with dedicated articles combined)
- "Rio" (song) (by Duran Duran) – also "Rio" (Ledri Vula song) and three other songs at Rio (disambiguation) § Songs (no discussion of the title evident; more than 100:1 pageview ratio between the two song articles)
- "Royals" (song) (by Lorde) – also "Royals" (Paul Rey song) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title on 14 June 2024; ~171:1 pageview ratio)
- "Shattered" (song) (by the Rolling Stones) – also "Shattered (Turn the Car Around)" (by O.A.R.) and five other songs listed at Shattered (RM discussion closed 24 January 2019 with no consensus to move, noting that the other song with an article is not an exact match for its complete title, 2:1 pageview ratio between the two song articles)
- "Stormy Weather" (song) (written by Harold Arlen and Ted Koehler, sung by various artists) – also "Stormy Weather" (Echo & the Bunnymen song) and at least three other songs at Stormy Weather (RM closed as not moved 6 March 2024, 62:1 pageview ratio between the two articles)
- "Tik Tok" (song) (by Kesha) – also "Tik Tok" (G.E.M. song) (RM closed as not moved 31 October 2024)
- "Toxic" (song) (by Britney Spears) – also "Toxic" (BoyWithUke song), "Toxic" (YG song) and five other songs listed at Toxic (disambiguation) § Music (RM closed as not moved 28 May 2024; ~11:1 pageview ratio relative to the two other songs with articles combined)
- "Waterloo" (song) (by ABBA) – also "Waterloo" (Stonewall Jackson song) (RFD closed as keep to Waterloo (ABBA song) 6 February 2024)
- "What's Going On" (song) (by Marvin Gaye) – also "What's Going On" (Casey Donovan song), "What's Going On" (Taste song) and other songs at What's Going On (disambiguation) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 22 June 2022; 30:1 pageview ratio over those other two combined)
- "Yesterday" (song) (by the Beatles) – also "Yesterday" (Black Eyed Peas song), "Yesterday" (Toni Braxton song), "Yesterday" (Shanice song), and other songs listed at Yesterday (disambiguation) (33:1 pageview ratio over the three other songs that have articles devoted to them combined, 36% of outgoing links from Yesterday (disambiguation), historic influence importance asserted, RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 21 May 2023)
(TV series) or similar
edit- Cops (TV program) (a 1989 American documentary series) – also COPS (animated TV series) (a 1988 American series) and three other TV series with slightly different names at Cop § Television (RM closed as no consensus 6 October 2015 and not moved 13 February 2018)
- Taskmaster (TV series) (a British TV series) – also Taskmaster (American TV series) (RM closed as no consensus 27 June 2024)
- The Boys (TV series) (a 2019 American superhero series) – also The Boys (1993 TV series) (an American sitcom) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 24 January 2022; 120:1 pageview ratio)
- The Office (American TV series) (a 2005 NBC sitcom) – also The Office (1995 TV series) (a CBS sitcom) (RM closed as not moved in July 2018 and again in August 2020, 40:1 pageview ratio)
- Vikings (TV series) (a 2013 Canadian historical drama series) – also Vikings (2012 TV series) (a British documentary series) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB 19 March 2022, 100:1 pageview ratio)
- Wheel of Fortune (American game show) (a 1975 syndicated game show) – also Wheel of Fortune (1952 game show) (a CBS game show) (~55:1 pageview ratio)
(video game)
edit- Apprentice (video game) – also Apprentice (Magic: The Gathering software), which may or may not be considered a video game (RM closed as not moved 3 December 2023)
- Portal (video game) (a 2007 game by Valve) – also Portal (series), Portal (1986 video game), Portal 2, Portal (video game element), etc. (2:1 pageview ratio relative to the series, RM closed as not moved 6 March 2022, another closed as not moved again 4 June 2023)
- Sonic the Hedgehog (1991 video game) – also Sonic the Hedgehog (8-bit video game) (also released in 1991, a result from a tricky RM on 14 December 2019, a subsequent RM was closed as not moved 22 February 2021, and a third RM closed as not moved 12 April 2024, 6:1 pageview ratio)
Comma disambiguation
edit- Green Bay, Wisconsin (a city) – also Green Bay (town), Wisconsin and Green Bay (Lake Michigan) (~8:1 pageview ratio ratio relative to the other two combined)
- Hunter, New York (a town) – also Hunter (village), New York (~7:1 pageview ratio)
- Lincoln Park, Chicago (a neighborhood) – also Lincoln Park (Chicago park)
- Midway, Howard County, Arkansas (an unincorporated community) – also Midway (ghost town), Howard County, Arkansas
- Newport, Wales (a city in Wales) and Newport, Pembrokeshire (a town in Wales) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title from bare Newport 27 February 2014, a subsequent RM reverted an undiscussed move 26 December 2018. This name was used partly due to the fact that a suitable alternative qualifier, such as Newport, Gwent or Newport, South Wales, was problematic. 12:1 pageview ratio.)
- Fleet, Hampshire (in Hart) and Fleet, Hayling Island (which is also in Hampshire) (RM closed as no consensus 8 September 2019, more than 100:1 pageview ratio)
- Tunstall, Staffordshire (in Stoke-on-Trent) and Tunstall, Stafford (which also in Staffordshire) (RM closed as no consensus 8 September 2019, both infrequently read topics, 37:1 pageview ratio)
Canada and United States page names
edit860 partially-disambiguated titles of US and Canada municipalities exist in the format Municipality, State
when other articles in the format Municipality, County, State
also exist. The following is a list of those partially-disambiguated articles whose titles have been the subject of an RM:
- Alpine, California (a census-designated place in San Diego County) – also Alpine, Los Angeles County, California (an unincorporated community) (RM closed as not moved 8 April 2021)
- Eden, Wisconsin (a village in Fond du Lac County) – also Eden (town), Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin and Eden, Iowa County, Wisconsin (a town) (RM closed as no consensus 8 March 2017)
- El Cerrito, California (a city in Contra Costa County) – also El Cerrito, Riverside County, California (a census-designated place) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 31 July 2010)
- Fairview, Kentucky (a census-designated place in Christian and Todd Counties) – also Fairview, Kenton County, Kentucky (a city) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 26 August 2013)
- Fairview, New Jersey (a borough in Bergen County) – also six other locations at Fairview, New Jersey (disambiguation) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 5 October 2021)
- Jefferson, Georgia (a city in Jackson County) – also Jefferson, Camden County, Georgia (an unincorporated community) (RM closed as not moved 30 October 2024, ~94:1 pageview ratio)
- Providence, Kentucky (a city in Webster County) – also Providence, Simpson County, Kentucky (an unincorporated community) and Providence, Trimble County, Kentucky (an unincorporated community) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 5 October 2013)
- St. Joseph, Florida (an abandoned former town in Calhoun County) – also St. Joseph, Pasco County, Florida (an unincorporated community) and three other places at St. Joseph, Florida (disambiguation) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 10 July 2023)
- Stanley, Wisconsin (a city in Chippewa and Clark Counties) – also Stanley, Barron County, Wisconsin (a town) (RM closed as no consensus 14 June 2014)
- Wilmington, Illinois (a city in Will County) – also Wilmington, Greene County, Illinois (a village) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 17 April 2024, ~18:1 pageview ratio)
Other
edit- 911 (emergency telephone number) – also 911 (Philippines) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 31 January 2024)
- Al-Ahly SC (Benghazi) – also Al Ahly Benghazi (basketball), which was previously called Al-Ahly SC (Benghazi, basketball)
- Black Friday (2004) (a crackdown on protesters by Maldivian government forces) – also Black Friday (2004 film) (an Indian film directed by Anurag Kashyap)
- CSM Târgu Mureș (football) – also ACS Ladies Târgu Mureș which was previously named CSM Târgu Mureș (women's football)
- David Hill (businessman) – also David Hill (music manager) which was previously named David Hill (musician and businessman)
- Dory (fish) (a common name for some fish) – also Dory (Finding Nemo), who is also a fish
- Fossa (animal) (Cryptoprocta ferox) – also Malagasy civet (Fossa fossana)
- FX (TV channel) (American TV channel) – also FX (Asian TV channel), FX (Australian TV channel), FX (Canadian TV channel), FX (Greek TV channel), FX (Indian TV channel), FX (Italian TV channel), FX (Latin American TV channel); see also FX (international) (8:1 pageview ratio relative to the other eight combined)
- Imperial (automobile) (marque used by Chrysler Corporation) – also Imperial (British automobile) (no record of article title discussion, more than 200:1 pageview ratio)
- Joker (character) (by DC Comics) – also the name of video game characters Joker (Persona) and Joker (Mass Effect) (long RM history, most recently not moved 15 November 2021)
- Jon Kent (DC Comics) - three other uses at Jonathan Kent#Comics (RM closed as no consensus 19 May 2024)
- Lys (river) (a river in France and Belgium) – also Lys (Dora Baltea) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 11 August 2017, 12:1 pageview ratio)
- Maple Leaf (train) (a New York–Toronto service 1981–present) – also Maple Leaf (GTW train) and Maple Leaf (Lehigh Valley Railroad train) (no record of article title discussion, more than 100:1 pageview ratio relative to the two others combined)
- Menstruation (mammal) (menstrual cycle in non-human mammals) – also Menstruation (human menstrual cycle)
- Michael Cohen (lawyer) – also Michael H. Cohen, who is also a lawyer (RM closed as no consensus 22 May 2024)
- New York Giants (baseball) (a team in the National League, later moved to San Francisco) – also New York Giants (Players' League) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 16 May 2022, pageview ratio 123:1)
- The Running Man (novel) (by Richard Bachman, alias of Stephen King) – also The Running Man (Bauer novel) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB 19 October 2012, 54:1 pageview ratio)
- Social Democratic Party (UK) – also Social Democratic Party (UK, 1979), Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988–1990), and Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present) (pageview ratio 1:1 relative to Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)), RMs in 2021 and 2023 closed as not moved
- Southeastern (train operating company) – also Southeastern (train operating company, 2006–2021) (pageview ratio 3:1, RM closed as not moved 4 March 2024)
- Toilet (room) (a room containing a toilet in a private residence) – also Public toilet (a room containing toilets for use by the general public; referred to in some dialects as simply toilet)
- Qi (state) - many other uses at Qi (disambiguation)#Defunct states
- World Tag Team Championship (WWE) (established in 2002, renamed to its current name in 2024) – also World Tag Team Championship (WWE, 1971–2010)
Album and song articles with no other standalone article
editFollowing a Request for Comment discussion, it was concluded in June 2016 that when a song or album is the only song or album that has a standalone article on Wikipedia, but other songs or albums of the same name are listed on the disambiguation page for that name per MOS:DABMENTION, the article title of the song or album that has a standalone article should not include the artist name. This conclusion has since been included in a footnote of the guideline at WP:ALBUMDAB.
The following is a manually updated list of such instances:
Extended content
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The template {{Incomplete disambiguation}} should not be used in such articles. That template is intended for use only on disambiguation pages.
Band articles with no other standalone article
edit- Afterglow (band) (an American band) – also a fictional band called Afterglow in the BanG Dream! franchise and a similarly named Italian band called The Afterglow
- Eagles (band) (an American band) – also a fictional band called Eagles in Love Forever (film) and a similarly named American group The Eagles (rhythm and blues group) and a similarly named UK group The Eagles (British band) (the only other one that is an exact title match being barely mentioned and not having an article, PDAB aspect not discussed in prior RMs in April 2010, March 2013 and January 2017 which moved it from the base name Eagles to the current title)
- Fox (band) (an English band) – also an Australian band that recorded the album What the Hell Is Going On?
Book articles with no other standalone article
edit- Knife (novel) (a 2019 novel by Jo Nesbø) – also a 2009 novel by R. J. Anderson
- The Notebook (novel) (a 1996 novel by Nicholas Sparks) – also a 1986 novel by Ágota Kristóf (the first entry in the Notebook Trilogy)
- The Shining (novel) (a 1977 novel by Stephen King) – also a 1961 novel by Stephen Marlowe
Film articles with no other standalone article
edit- Because (film) (a 1918 British film directed by Sidney Morgan) – also a 1990 German film directed by Tom Tykwer
- Big (film) (a 1988 American film directed by Penny Marshall) – also a 2023 Taiwanese film directed by Te-Sheng Wei
- Frozen (2010 film) (an American film directed by Adam Green) – also a Hong Kong film directed by Derek Kwok
- Rustin (film) (a 2023 American film directed by George C. Wolfe) – also a 2001 American film directed by Rick Johnson (quarterback) (the other film is only a subtopic and doesn't seem very notable, although some famous people were involved in it) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB name 23 October 2022)
- The Outsiders (film) (a 1983 American film directed by Francis Ford Coppola) – also a 1998 British film directed by Tony Davies
Other articles with no other standalone article
edit- Asuka (wrestler) (Japanese professional wrestler born in 1981) – also Veny (also a Japanese professional wrestler, formerly under the name of Asuka) and Lioness Asuka (also a Japanese professional wrestler) (10:1 pageview ratio between the top two, RM closed as not moved 15 April 2023, a subsequent RM proposing moving to Asuka closed as not moved 20 October 2023)
- Chandramukhi (character) (in Devdas) – also eponymous characters in Chandramukhi and Chandramukhi (2022 film)
- Eagle (crater) – also Eagle (Acidalia Planitia crater)
- Lincoln (miniseries) (a 1988 American TV miniseries) – also a 1974 miniseries featuring Hal Holbrook
- Pal (dog) – also Pal the Wonder Dog
- Progress Party (Norway) – also Progress Party (Norway, 1957) which redirects to 1957 Norwegian parliamentary election
- Revolver (TV series) (a 1978 British music show) – also a 2001 British comedy sketch show featuring John Inman
- Richard Parker (mutineer) (an English sailor executed in 1797) – also a character in the 1838 Edgar Allan Poe novel The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (it is possible that Poe based his character on the historical person, but no reliable source has been found that offers an opinion on that; Poe character not noticed in RM discussion closed 19 April 2021)
- Substrate (biology) – also Substrate (chemistry) which has specific uses in biochemistry
- The Lakes (TV series) (a 1997 British drama series) – also The Lakes with Paul Rose (2018 British TV documentary series)
- Venom (character) (by Marvel Comics) – also the name of minor characters in Zookeeper (film), The Guild (web series), Rounin (TV series), American Gladiators (2008 TV series), and Guilty Gear (RM closed as moved to the PDAB name 5 October 2021)
- Xu Bin (footballer) – another footballer with the same name was among the top scorers in 2020 China League Two (RM closed as moved to the PDAB name 19 March 2024)
List of partially disambiguated article redirects
editAmong the options for how to categorize partially disambiguated article redirects are (multiple categories may be appropriate):
- If the destination of the redirect is a disambiguation page, {{R from incomplete disambiguation}}, Category:Redirects from incomplete disambiguation;
- If the destination of the redirect is not a disambiguation page:
- If the destination of the redirect is a disambiguated name, {{R from other disambiguation}}, Category:Redirects from other disambiguation
- If the destination of the redirect is a longer name, {{R from short name}}, Category:Redirects from short names
- If the destination of the redirect is a shorter name, {{R from long name}}, Category:Redirects from long names
- If mentioned in a hatnote of the target article, {{R mentioned in hatnote}}, Category:Redirects mentioned in hatnotes
- If the redirect resulted from a renaming, {{R from move}}, Category:Redirects from moves
The following is a manually updated list of WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT article redirects with parenthetical partial disambiguation on the English language Wikipedia.
(band), (singer), other music artists
edit- Tricky (musician) – redirects to Tricky (rapper) – see also Tricky Stewart
- Wings (band) – redirects to Paul McCartney and Wings – see also Wings (1968 band) (161:1 pageview ratio)
(cricketer), (footballer), other sports players
edit- John Murphy (1900s footballer) – redirects to List of Bradford City A.F.C. players (1–49 league appearances) – also two other footballers who played in the 1900s at John Murphy § Association football (soccer) (RM closed as no consensus 7 January 2024, largely due to the lack of a suitable alternate title; AfD closed as redirect 7 March 2024)
(Disney)
edit- Belle (Disney) – redirects to Belle (Disney character) – see also "Belle" (Disney song)
- Bolt (Disney) – redirects to Bolt (2008 film) – see also Bolt (Disney character)
- Moana (Disney) – redirects to Moana (character) – see also Moana (2016 film)
- Robin Hood (Disney) – redirects to Robin Hood (1973 film) – see also Robin Hood (Disney character)
- Tinker Bell (Disney) – redirects to Tinker Bell (Disney character) – see also Tinker Bell (film) and Tinker Bell (film series)
- Wish (Disney) – redirects to Wish (film) – see also Disney Wish
(film)
edit- Drama (film) – redirects to Drama (film and television) – see also Drama (2010 film), Drama (2012 film) and Drama (2018 film) (~8:1 pageview ratio relative to the three other films combined)§
- Minecraft (film) – redirects to A Minecraft Movie (a 2025 American film directed by Jared Hess) – see also Minecraft: The Story of Mojang (a 2012 film directed by Paul Owens) (previous RM closed as not moved 22 March 2024, ~48:1 pageview ratio)
- Serial (film) – redirects to Serial film – see also Serial (1980 film)
- Shot (film) – redirects to Shot (filmmaking) – see also Shot (2017 film) (~6:1 pageview ratio)
(song)
edit- "Never Gonna Dance Again" (song) – redirects to "Careless Whisper" – also a song on Change (Sugababes album) (RfD closed as keep 31 May 2024)
(TV series) or similar
edit- Pyramid (game show) – redirects to Pyramid (franchise) – see also Pyramid (Australian game show)
- The Face (TV series) – redirects to The Face (franchise) – see also The Face (American TV series), The Face (Australian TV series), The Face (British TV series) and The Face (Vietnamese TV series)
Comma disambiguation
edit- Arlington, Virginia – redirects to Arlington County, Virginia – see also Arlington, Northampton County, Virginia
Other
edit- n (year) – redirects to AD n – see also n BC (where n is a non-primary topic year number – see WP:YEARDAB. Instances of n include the integers 1–150, 311, 360, 365, 383, 404, 411, 420, 442, 500, 666 and 747.)
- Black Friday (1916) – redirects to 1916 Black Friday Storm – see also Black Friday (1916 film)
- Canadian (train) – redirects to The Canadian – see also Canadian (NYC train) (57:1 pageview ratio)
- Jewel (supermarket) – redirects to Jewel-Osco – see also Jewel Food Stores (Australia) (20:1 pageview ratio)
- Meta (company) – redirects to Meta Platforms – four other companies at Meta § Businesses
Partially disambiguated article titles detected but not yet studied
editThese two tables contain a list of cases where one title has a partial qualifier which is a prefix or suffix of one or more other title's full qualifier. For the example of "John Doe (footballer)", the first table might pair him with "John Doe (footballer, born 1987)" and the second with "John Doe (Irish footballer)". False positives have been filtered out by automated elimination of set indices etc. and by manual checking, but some may remain. The correct course of action is not obvious and varies between cases. Some partial qualifiers should be made more precise, with the partially qualified name becoming a new dab or a redirect to an existing dab; other cases may be moved to the lists above once they have been studied. There should be no overlap between the tables, but some cases in the prefix table may also have undetected matches of the suffix kind.
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