View source for As'ad ibn Zurara

You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 34.201.0.0/16 has been blocked by ‪JJMC89‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: {{unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~}}. You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 05:16, 2 March 2025. Your current IP address is 34.201.29.183.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
This IP address range has been globally blocked.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis.
The IP address or range 34.201.0.0/16 has been globally blocked by ‪Jon Kolbert‬ for the following reason(s):

Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected

This block will expire on 05:38, 21 February 2029. Your current IP address is 34.201.29.183.

Even while globally blocked, you will usually still be able to edit pages on Meta-Wiki.

If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

Other useful links: Global blocks · Help:I have been blocked

You can view and copy the source of this page:

{{primary sources|date=November 2021}}
'''Asʿad ibn Zurāra''' ([[Arabic]]: أسعد بن زرارة) (died 623), often known by his ''kunya'' '''Abū Umāma''', was a [[sahaba|companion]] of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] and the first chief in [[Medina]] to become a Muslim.
{{Islam}}

==Family==
As'ad was the son of Zurara ibn Udas and Suwad (al-Furaya) bint Rafi, both of the Malik branch of the [[Banu Najjar|Najjar]] clan of the [[Banu Khazraj|Khazraj]] tribe in Medina. He had a brother, Saad,<ref name="Saad3">Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). ''The Companions of Badr''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref>{{rp|473}} and two sisters, al-Faria and Ruwayba.<ref name="Saad8">Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref>{{rp|285}} [[Sa'd ibn Mu'adh|Saad ibn Muadh]], an important chief of the [[Banu Aws|Aws]] tribe, was their maternal first cousin.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|473}}<ref name="Saad8" />{{rp|248}}

He married Amira (Umayra) bint Sahl, also from the Malik ibn Najjar clan, and they had three daughters: al-Furaya, Habiba and Kabsha.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|473}}<ref name="Saad8" />{{rp|285}} By 620 he had become the leader of the Najjar clan.<ref name="Ishaq">Muhammad ibn Ishaq. ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref>{{rp|235}}

==Conversion to Islam==
Medina was a divided city. The Khazraj and Aws tribes fought each other<ref name="Saad1">Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. (1967). ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab Al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir Volume I Parts I & II''. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.</ref>{{rp|253}} and also raided the Jews.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|196}} The Jews warned the polytheists: "A prophet will be sent soon. His day is at hand. We shall follow him and kill you by his aid as Ad and Iram perished."<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|197}}

In 620 As'ad had a legal dispute with Dhakwan ibn Abd Qays. During the pilgrimage season that summer, they both travelled to [[Mecca]], hoping that [[Utbah ibn Rabi'ah|Utba ibn Rabia]] could settle it for them.<ref name="Saad1" />{{rp|252}}<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|473}} Utba told them about Muhammad, "who believes he is a messenger of God."<ref name="Saad1" />{{rp|252}} Muhammad was at that time looking for military allies against the [[Quraysh]]. He offered himself as a prophet to any tribe that would listen.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|194-196}}<ref name="Saad1" />{{rp|250-251}} Dhakwan, who knew of As'ad's monotheism, told him, "Leave him; this is your creed!"<ref name="Saad1" />{{rp|252}}

Together with five friends, As'ad met up with Muhammad just outside Mecca. On hearing that they were of the Khazraj tribe, Muhammad asked if they were allies of the Jews. They said they were, so he invited them to sit with him.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|197}} He explained Islam to them and recited the Qur'an.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|473}} When they heard Muhammad's message they said one to another: "This is the very prophet of whom the Jews warned us. Don't let them get to him before we do!" As'ad was the first to accept Muhammad's teachings and become a Muslim,<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|474}} and his five friends followed.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|197}}<ref name="Saad1" />{{rp|251}}<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|473}} Muhammad asked them to support him in bringing his message to his people.<ref name="Saad1" />{{rp|253}} They told him, "No tribe is so divided by hatred and rancour as ours. Perhaps God will unite them through you. So let us go to them and invite them to this religion of yours; and if God unites them in it, then no man will be mightier than you."<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|197}}

They returned to Medina as the city's first Muslims.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|197}}<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|474}} As'ad broke his clan's idols.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|475}} They told their people about Islam, and the news spread around Medina until Muhammad had been mentioned in every home.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|198}}

==Mission in Mecca==

===First Aqaba===
In the summer of 621 As'ad brought eleven friends to the trade-fair, and they met Muhammad at al-Aqaba. There they gave him the Pledge of Women: although they pledged allegiance to Muhammad, there was no mention of war.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|198}}<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|474}}

When they returned to Medina, Muhammad sent [[Mus‘ab ibn 'Umair|Musab ibn Umayr]] with them. Musab lodged in As'ad's house. As'ad built a mosque on the property of two wards of his clan, close to the location of the future mosque built by Muhammad.<ref name="Saad1" />{{rp|280}}<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|474}} He gathered forty men together, and they met to hear Musab read the Quran to them, teach them about Islam and lead the prayers.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|199}}<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|475}}

As'ad took Musab out to the Abdul-Ashhal and Zafar clans teach more people about Islam. This annoyed his cousin, Saad ibn Muadh, who was chief of the Abdul-Ashhal clan.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|200}} One day Saad challenged As'ad as a group of Muslims were sitting comfortably in a garden. Musab explained Islam to Saad, and he was converted. This resulted in the conversion of Saad's whole clan.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|201}}

As'ad and Musab continued calling people to Islam until nearly every family included some Muslims.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|201}}

===Second Aqaba===
In June 622 a large party of Medinans went to Mecca for the trade-fair. They included As'ad, Musab and 74 other Muslims. <ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|201}} The Muslims left camp in the middle of the night to meet Muhammad secretly at al-Aqaba. Muhammad invited them to make a [[Second pledge at al-Aqabah|second pledge]] of allegiance to him "as you would to your women and children."<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|203}}

According to the Najjar clan, As'ad was the first to strike his hand in fealty; but the Abdul-Ashhal clan said that it was Abu'l-Haytham and the Jusham clan said it was al-Baraa ibn Maarur.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|205}} As As'ad took Muhammad's hand, he said: "People, do you know on what basis you give allegiance to Muhammad? You give allegiance to him on the basis of fighting the Arabs and non-Arabs, ''[[jinn]]'' and men." The Medinans replied, "We will fight those who fight and make peace with those who make peace." Muhammad said, "Give allegiance on the basis that you bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that I am Allah's Messenger; establish the prayer and pay [[zakat|alms]]; hear and obey. Do not contend the business of his family and deny me what you deny yourselves and your people." They all agreed.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|474}}

Muhammad selected twelve men to be leaders of the Muslim community in Medina, "sureties for your people just as the disciples of [[Jesus in Islam|Jesus son of Mary]] were responsible to him, while I am responsible for my people." As'ad was among the twelve.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|204}}<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|474}}

===The Hijrah===
Musab returned to Mecca so that he would formally qualify as an [[Muhajirun|Immigrant]]. While he was away, As'ad led the prayers at the mosque five times a day.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|474-475}}

The Muslims from Mecca began to arrive in Medina, where they lodged as guests in the homes of the Medinan converts. It is variously claimed that [[Talhah|Talha ibn Ubaydallah]] and [[Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib]] stayed at As'ad's house.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|218}}

==Death==
In spring 623 As'ad suffered from an illness, similar to diphtheria or meningitis, that entailed a rattling in his throat.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|235}}<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|475}} Muhammad visited him in his sickness, exclaiming, "This is an evil death! The Jews say there is no defence against it." He advised As'ad to be [[cauterization|cauterised]]. He was burned twice in the medial arm vein and twice on his throat, "and his neck was encircled with the cauterisation."<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|475-476}}

As'ad died within days, at the beginning of Shawwal, i.e., in April 623.<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|476}}

Muhammad attended his ritual washing and had him shrouded in three garments; he walked in front of the bier and conducted the funeral prayers. As'ad was said to be the first man buried at [[Al-Baqi']].<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|476}} Muhammad considered As'ad's death a grave misfortune. He worried that the Jews and the [[Munafiqun|hypocrites]] would say that God would not have allowed the friend of a true prophet to die, but "I have no power from God for myself or my friend."<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|235}}

As'ad left his mother, three daughters, an aunt and some gold and pearl jewellery in the care of Muhammad. As'ad's womenfolk lived as Muhammad's dependants among his wives,<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|475}} and he later arranged marriages for As'ad's daughters.<ref name="Saad8" />{{rp|285-286}}

Since As'ad had not left any sons,<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|473}} the Najjar asked Muhammad to appoint a new leader for their clan. Muhammad replied, "You are my maternal uncles, and we belong together, so I will be your leader." The Najjar were pleased to have Muhammad as their new chief.<ref name="Ishaq" />{{rp|235}}<ref name="Saad3" />{{rp|476}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:As'ad ibn Zurara}}
[[Category:Companions of the Prophet]]
[[Category:Khazrajite people]]
[[Category:623 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist (view source) (protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Islam (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Primary sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:R/superscript (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:R/where (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reference page (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Rp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:DecodeEncode (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:GetParameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/i (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to As'ad ibn Zurara.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%27ad_ibn_Zurara"