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{{Short description|British ship}}
{{other ships|Cicero (ship)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2017}}
{| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = 
| Ship caption = 
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=
| Ship country=Great Britain
| Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Great Britain|civil}}
| Ship name = ''Cicero''
| Ship namesake = [[Cicero]]
| Ship owner =
| Ship operator = 
| Ship ordered = 
| Ship builder = Sunderland
| Ship original cost = 
| Ship laid down = 
| Ship launched = 1796
| Ship acquired = 
| Ship commissioned = 
| Ship decommissioned = 
| Ship in service = 
| Ship out of service = 
| Ship renamed = 
| Ship struck = 
| Ship reinstated = 
| Ship honours = 
| Ship honors = 
| Ship captured =
| Ship fate = Wrecked and condemned 1832
| Ship notes = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = 
| Header caption = 
| Ship class = 
| Ship tons burthen=429{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=261}}<ref name=LoM>{{cite web|url=http://www.1812privateers.org/Great%20Britain/marque1793-1815.pdf|title=Letter of Marque, p.58 - accessed 25 July 2017.|access-date=27 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020052005/http://www.1812privateers.org/Great%20Britain/marque1793-1815.pdf|archive-date=20 October 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
| Ship length =
| Ship beam =
| Ship draught = 
| Ship draft = 
| Ship hold depth = 
| Ship propulsion = 
| Ship sail plan = 
| Ship complement =*1798:25<ref name=LoM/>
*1799:30<ref name=LoM/>
*1800:36<ref name=LoM/>
| Ship armament =*1798:10 × 9-pounder guns<ref name=LoM/>
*1799:10 × 9-pounder guns<ref name=LoM/>
*1800:18 × 9-pounder guns<ref name=LoM/>
*1804:8 × 6-pounder guns
*1808:2 × 6-pounder guns + 8 × 18-pounder [[carronades]]
| Ship notes = 
}}
|}

'''''Cicero''''' was launched at Sunderland in 1796 and initially sailed as a [[West Indiaman]]. She was briefly captured in 1799 in a [[single-ship action]] with a French privateer. Later, she went [[whale hunting]] both in the [[Whaling in the United Kingdom#The northern whale fishery|northern whale fishery]] (1803-1808), and the [[Whaling in the United Kingdom#The southern whale fishery|southern whale fishery]] (1816-1823). She capsized at Limerick in September 1832 and was condemned there.

==Career==
''Cicero'' first entered ''[[Lloyd's Register]]'' (''LR'') in 1798 with M.May, master, T.Barton, owner, and trade Liverpool–Barbados.<ref name=LR1796>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004281211?urlappend=%3Bseq=84 ''LR'' (1798), Seq.№C614.]</ref> Between 1798, and perhaps before, until c.1802, her owners were the Liverpool firm of [[Barton, Irlam and Higginson]].

===Capture and recapture===
Captain Matthew May acquired a [[letter of marque]] on 15 November 1798. On 22 April 1799 ''[[Lloyd's List]]'' (''LL''), reported that as ''Cicero'' was on her way to Barbados a French privateer captured her. However, ''Cicero'' was retaken.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c3049070?urlappend=%3Bseq=67 ''LL'' №3063.]</ref>

''Cicero'' had been sailing from Cape Verde when she was captured on 25 February.

Captain [[John Barry (naval officer)|John Barry]] was sailing the {{USS|United States|1797|6}} east of [[Marie-Galante]] when on 26 February he sighted two ships. He captured ''Cicero'', of Liverpool and 430 tons (bm), put a prize crew on board, and sailed after her captor, the French privateer ''Democrat'', of 12 guns and 100 men.{{efn|''Démocrate'' was a privateer known to have been active off Saint-Domingue in January 1797.{{sfnp|Demerliac|1999|p=290 |loc=no.2636}} [[HMS Pomona (1778)|HMS ''Amphitrite'']] captured ''Democrat'', of Guadeloupe, and of 12 guns and 80 men, on 31 May 1799 off Martinique after a long chase. ''Amphitrite'' then sent her into Barbados.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=17 August 1799|issue=15170|page=828}}</ref>}} At nightfall ''United States'' had to give up the chase and she rejoined ''Cicero''. ''Cicero'' had resisted her initial capture and had many casualties.{{sfnp|Clark|1938|pp=441-442}} The American prize master reported that ''Cicero''{{'}}s master and three men had been killed, and that 26  men were wounded. Her crew had consisted of 35 men and 15 boys. Her cargo consisted of live stock such as oxen, jackasses, and horses, and the prize master estimated that it was worth $30,000, of which one-eighth would accrue to ''United States'' as salvage.<ref>United States Office of Naval Records an Library (1935), p.408.</ref>

In the 36 or so hours since her capture her French captors had left ''Cicero''{{'}}s dead and wounded unattended. Barry took the wounded into ''United States''{{'}}s sick bay and put the 33-man French prize crew into her hold as prisoners. ''United States'' then sailed south to [[Saint-Pierre, Martinique]], where ''Cicero'' was libelled.{{sfnp|Clark|1938|pp=441-442}}{{efn|''Démocrate'' also captured ''Maria'', another merchantmen that ''United States'' also recaptured and took into Martinique. ''Maria'' had been sailing from Glasgow to Martinique when ''Démocrate'' had captured her.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c3049070?urlappend=%3Bseq=97 ''LL'' №3070.]</ref>}}

Captain James Burton sailed her home. He acquired a letter of marque on 2 August 1799.<ref name=LoM/> ''LR'' (1799) showed her master changing from May to James Burne.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Master
! Owner
! Trade
! Source
|-
| 1801
| R.Hall<br />J. Crosbie
| T.Barton<br />Irlam
| Liverpool–Barbados<br />Liverpool–[[Demerara]]
| ''LR''
|-
|}

Captain John Crosbie acquired a letter of marque on 25 February 1800.<ref name=LoM/> In 1801 there is a report of her sailing in company with {{ship||Barton|1794 ship|2}} (another Barton, Irlam and Higginson ship) from Demerara to Liverpool and passing Barbados on 18 May.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735020?urlappend=%3Bseq=111 ''LL'' №4164.]</ref>

===Greenland whaler===
In 1802–1803 her owners sold ''Cicero'' and she then spent about five years as a Greenland whaler.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Master
! Owner
! Trade
! Source
|-
| 1803
| J.Crosbie<br />J.Haskyne
| Irlam<br />Molyneaux
| Liverpool–[[Demerara]]<br />Liverpool–Greenland
|
|-
| 1804
| J.Haskyne<br />S.Selkirk
| Molyneaux
| Liverpool–Greenland
| ''LR''
|-
|}

While Haskayne was ''Cicero''{{'}}s master, he sailed her from [[Narva]] to Liverpool. A letter from Elsinor dated 25 October 1803 reported that she had gone onshore at [[Saltholm]].<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735021?urlappend=%3Bseq=181 ''LL'' №4399.]</ref> The next report was that she had gone onshore at [[Dragør|Dragoe]], but that she had been gotten off.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735021?urlappend=%3Bseq=183 ''LL'' №4400.]</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Master
! Where
! Whales
! [[Tun (unit)|Tuns]] whale oil
|-
| 1803
| Haskayne
| Greenland
| 5
| 78
|-
| 1804
| Selkirk
| Greenland
| 13
| 102
|-
| 1805
| Selkirk
| Davis Strait
| 1
| 36.5
|-
| 1806
| 
| Greenland
| 6
| 68
|-
|}

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Master
! Owner
! Trade
! Source
|-
| 1807
| S.Selkirk<br/>J.Kelly
| Molyneaux
| Liverpool–Greenland
| ''LR''
|-
| 1808
| J.Kelly<br />Drysdale
| Scougl & Co.
| Liverpool–[[Pictou]]<br />Leith transport  
| ''LR''
|-
| 1812
| Drysdale<br/>Steadman
| Scougal & Co/
| Leith transport
| ''LR''
|-
| 1813
| Steadman
| Scougal & Co.
| London transport
| ''LR''
|-
| 1816
| Steadman<br/>R.Plunkett
| Stead & Co.
| London transport
| ''LR''
|-
| 1817
|
|
|
| Not available online
|-
|}

===Southern whale fishery===
Between 1816 and 1823, ''Cicero'' made three whaling voyages to the British Southern Whale Fishery for Gale & Co.<ref name=bswf>[https://whalinghistory.org/bv/voyages/ British Southern Whale Fishery Database – Voyages:Cicero.]</ref>

'''1st whaling voyage (1816–1818):''' Captain Taylor sailed in 1816. He returned to Britain on 13 July 1818 with 500 casks of [[whale oil]], and fins.<ref name=bswf/>

'''2nd whaling voyage (1818–1820):''' Captain Brown sailed from Britain on 24 August 1818. ''Cicero'' put into [[Delagoa Bay]] in 1820 to effect repairs, and returned to Britain on 24 March 1820. She was under the command of Captain Kelly when she returned.<ref name=bswf/> She underwent a large repair in 1820.

'''3rd whaling voyage (1820–1823):''' Captain Baxter sailed on 29 June 1820. Captain Clarke returned ''Cicero'' to Britain on 12 August 1823 with 420 casks of whale oil.<ref name=bswf/>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Master
! Owner
! Trade
! Source & notes
|-
| 1823
| Baxter<br />Plunket
| Gale & Co.
| London–South Seas<br />London–Honduras
| ''LR''; large repair 1820 & small repair 1823
|-
| 1825
| Plunket<br />Friend
| Gale & Co.
| London–Sierra Leone<br />London–Quebec
| ''Register of Shipping'' (''RS''); large repair 1820, small repair 1823, & damages repaired 1824
|-
|}

Captain Friend sailed from London on 8 July 1825 and arrived at Quebec on 4 September, with passengers.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Master
! Owner
! Trade
! Source & notes
|-
| 1830
| Robinson
| J.Scott
| Bristol–New Brunswick
| ''LR''; though repair 1827 & small repair 1829
|-
| 1833
| Evans
| Scott
| Bristol–Quebec
| ''RS''; good repair 1825, thorough repair 1827, & good repair 1831
|-
|}

==Fate==
''Cicero'', Evans, master, ran aground in the [[River Shannon]] at [[Limerick]] on 21 September 1832 and capsized. She was on a voyage from Limerick to [[Quebec City]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=From Lloyd's List - Sept. 26. |newspaper=Caledonian Mercury |date=29 September 1832 |issue=17345 }}</ref> She was condemned at Limerick.

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=William Bell |year=1938 |title=Gallant John Barry 1745 1803 The Story Of A Naval Hero Of Two Wars |publisher=Macmillan}}
* {{cite book|title=La Marine de la Révolution: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1792 A 1799|last=Demerliac|first=Alain|year=1999|publisher=Éditions Ancre|isbn=2-906381-24-1|language=fr}}
* {{cite book |last=Hackman |first=Rowan |year=2001 |title=Ships of the East India Company |location=Gravesend, Kent |publisher=World Ship Society |isbn=0-905617-96-7}}
* United States: United States. Office of Naval Records and Library (1935) ''Naval Documents Related to the Quasi-war Between the United States and France: Naval Operations ... February 1797-December 1801''. Volume 3. U.S. Government Printing Office.

{{1799 shipwrecks}}
{{1803 shipwrecks}}
{{1832 shipwrecks}}

[[Category:1796 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Wear]]
[[Category:Age of Sail merchant ships of England]]
[[Category:Captured ships]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1799]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1803]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of Denmark]]
[[Category:Whaling ships]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in September 1832]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of Ireland]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in rivers]]

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