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{{other ships|HMAS Ballarat}}
{{Use Australian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=HMAS Ballarat (J184).jpg
|Ship caption=HMAS ''Ballarat''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Ship country=Australia
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Australia|naval-1913}}
|Ship namesake=City of [[Ballarat, Victoria]]
|Ship builder=[[HMA Naval Dockyard]] in Williamstown, Victoria
|Ship laid down=19 April 1940
|Ship launched=10 December 1940
|Ship commissioned=30 August 1941
|Ship decommissioned=27 September 1946
|Ship motto="Defend the Flag"
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=*'''Battle honours:'''
*[[South West Pacific theatre of World War II|Pacific]] 1941–45
*[[New Guinea campaign|New Guinea]] 1942–44
*[[Battle of Okinawa|Okinawa]] 1945<ref name=newhonours>{{cite news |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |title=Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613184920/http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |archive-date=13 June 2011 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |access-date=23 December 2012}}</ref><ref name=honourslist>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |title=Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614064156/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2011 |access-date=23 December 2012}}</ref>
|Ship fate=Sold into civilian service in 1947. Sold for scrap in 1953.
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=[[File:HMAS ballarat crest.png]]
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Ship class=[[Bathurst-class corvette|''Bathurst''-class corvette]]
|Ship displacement=650 tons (standard), 1,025 tons (full war load)
|Ship length={{convert|186|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|31|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|8.5|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=triple expansion engine, 2 shafts, 1,750 horsepower
|Ship speed={{convert|15|kn}}
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=85
|Ship sensors=
|Ship armament=*1 × [[QF 4 inch Mk XIX naval gun|4 inch Mk XIX]] gun
*3 × [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]]s (later 2)
*1 × [[Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun]]s (installed later)
*Machine guns
*[[Depth charge]]s chutes and throwers
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''HMAS ''Ballarat'' (J184)''', named for the city of [[Ballarat, Victoria]], was one of 60 [[Bathurst-class corvette|''Bathurst''-class corvettes]] constructed during [[World War II]] and one of 20 built for the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] but manned by personnel of and commissioned into the [[Royal Australian Navy]] (RAN).<ref name=SPC>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-ballarat-i |title=HMAS Ballarat (I) |access-date=15 September 2008 |publisher=Sea Power Centre – Australia}}</ref>

==Design and construction==
{{main|Bathurst-class corvette}}
In 1938, the [[Australian Commonwealth Naval Board]] (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.<ref name=Hindsight1>Stevens, ''The Australian Corvettes'', p. 1</ref><ref name=StevensACV103>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', p. 103</ref> The vessel was initially envisaged as having a [[displacement (ship)|displacement]] of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least {{convert|10|kn}}, and a range of {{convert|2000|nmi}}<ref name=StevensACV103.4>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 103–4</ref> The opportunity to build a [[prototype]] in the place of a cancelled [[Bar-class boom defence vessel]] saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a {{convert|15.5|kn}} top speed, and a range of {{convert|2850|nmi}}, armed with a 4-inch gun, equipped with [[asdic]], and able to be fitted with either [[depth charge]]s or [[Naval mine#Mine sweeping|minesweeping]] equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a [[sloop-of-war|sloop]] than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels.<ref name=Hindsight1/><ref>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 103–5</ref> Construction of the prototype {{HMAS|Kangaroo||6}} did not go ahead, but the plans were retained.<ref name=StevensACV104>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', p. 104</ref> The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 ordered by the RAN, 20 (including ''Ballarat'') ordered by the [[British Admiralty]] but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the [[Royal Indian Navy]].<ref name=Hindsight1/><ref>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 105, 148</ref><ref name=Donohue29>Donohue, ''From Empire Defence to the Long Haul'', p. 29</ref><ref name=Stevens108>Stevens et al., ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 108</ref><ref name=SPC/>

''Ballarat'' was laid down by [[HMA Naval Dockyard]] in Williamstown, Victoria, on 19 April 1940.<ref name=SPC/> She was launched on 10 December 1940 by the wife of [[Albert Dunstan]], then [[Premiers of Victoria|Premier of Victoria]], and commissioned into the RAN on 30 August 1941.<ref name=SPC/>

==Operational history==
''Ballarat'' entered service on 20 September 1941, and on her arrival in Sydney three days later was immediately assigned to the 20th Minesweeping Flotilla.<ref name=SPC/> On 1 November, she was given the duty of providing anti-submarine protection to converted ocean liner [[RMS Queen Mary|''Queen Mary'']], prior to her departure as part of a troop convoy to the Middle East.<ref name=SPC/> ''Ballarat'' departed for Darwin on 14 November, towing an oil lighter.<ref name=SPC/> On her arrival on 8 December, the corvette began escort patrols between Darwin and Timor.<ref name=SPC/> She headed to Singapore in early 1942, then was assigned to [[Bangka Island|Banka Strait]], where she was employed in rescue and demolitions work.<ref name=SPC/> On 14 February, ''Ballarat'' carried out one of the largest rescue operations in the region, collecting 215 survivors from the torpedoed merchant vessel MV ''Derrymore''.<ref name=SPC/> Amongst the survivors was [[John Gorton]], who would later become [[Prime Minister of Australia]].<ref name=SPC/> ''Ballarat'' was also involved in the evacuation of Sumatra, and was the last RAN ship to leave.<ref name=SPC/>

On the conclusion of this assignment, the corvette returned to Australian waters and resumed convoy operation between Australia and New Guinea.<ref name=SPC/> In November 1942, ''Ballarat'' and sister ship [[HMAS Katoomba|''Katoomba'']] were attacked by Japanese dive bombers.<ref name=SPC/> In December 1942, ''Ballarat'' and sister ships [[HMAS Broome (J191)|''Broome'']] and [[HMAS Colac|''Colac'']] were involved in the deployment of troops to Buna; ''Ballarat'' performing four troop deployments over the month.<ref name=SPC/>

The corvette was ordered to the east coast of Australia in April 1943, to counter the increasing [[Axis naval activity in Australian waters#1943|Japanese submarine threat]].<ref name=SPC/> She remained in this role until January 1944, when she returned to Darwin to perform patrols to Thursday Island.<ref name=SPC/> ''Ballarat'' was again used as a troop transport in August 1944, moving soldiers from the [[Eilanden River]] in Papua New Guinea to [[Merauke]], Indonesia.<ref name=SPC/> In 1945 she returned to Sydney to perform minesweeping operations prior to the arrival of the [[British Pacific Fleet]], and then participated in the [[Battle of Okinawa|invasion of Okinawa]].<ref name=SPC/>

''Ballarat'' was present in [[Tokyo Bay]] on [[Victory over Japan Day]] (2 September 1945), when the [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender]] was signed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq69-2.htm |title=Allied Ships Present in Tokyo Bay During the Surrender Ceremony, 2 September 1945 |access-date=13 January 2007 |date=27 May 2005 |publisher=Naval Historical Center – U.S. Navy |quote=Taken from ''Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas (CINCPAC/CINCPOA) A16-3/FF12 Serial 0395, 11 February 1946: Report of Surrender and Occupation of Japan'' |archive-date=5 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205021301/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq69-2.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She was then deployed on minesweeping duties in the Hong Kong area, during which she struck a mine on 6 November 1945.<ref name=SPC/> She returned to Melbourne on 13 December, and was decommissioned into reserve on 27 September 1946.<ref name=SPC/> ''Ballarat''{{'}}s wartime service was recognised by three [[battle honour]]s: "Pacific 1941–45", "New Guinea 1942–44", and "Okinawa 1945".<ref name=honourslist/>

''Ballarat'' was sold on 10 July 1947 to China Traders Ltd of Hong Kong, who then sold her on to the Ta Hing Company (Hong Kong) Ltd in December 1950.<ref name=SPC/> Refitted as a coastal trader and renamed ''Carmencita'', the corvette never entered civilian service as a Statutory Order issued by the Australian Government prevented the ship from entering Chinese waters.<ref name=SPC/> Instead, she was sold a third time to John Manners and Co (Aust) Pty Ltd in 1953, who broke the ship up for scrap in the same year.<ref name=SPC/>

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
;Books
*{{cite book |last=Donohue |first=Hector |title=From Empire Defence to the Long Haul: post-war defence policy and its impact on naval force structure planning 1945–1955 |series=Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs |volume=1 |date=October 1996 |publisher=Sea Power Centre |location=Canberra |isbn=0-642-25907-0 |issn=1327-5658 |oclc=36817771}}
*{{cite book |last=Stevens |first=David |title=A Critical Vulnerability: the impact of the submarine threat on Australia's maritime defense 1915–1954 |series=Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs |volume=15 |year=2005 |publisher=Sea Power Centre Australia |location=Canberra |isbn=0-642-29625-1 |oclc=62548623 |issn=1327-5658}}
*{{cite book |author=Stevens, David |author2=Sears, Jason|author3= Goldrick, James|author4= Cooper, Alastair|author5= Jones, Peter|author6= Spurling, Kathryn |editor=Stevens, David |title=The Royal Australian Navy |series=The Australian Centenary History of Defence (vol III) |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=South Melbourne, VIC |isbn=0-19-554116-2 |oclc=50418095}}

;Journal and news articles
*{{cite journal |last=Stevens |first=David |date=May 2010 |title=The Australian Corvettes |journal=Hindsight (Semaphore) |publisher=Sea Power Centre – Australia |volume=2010 |issue=5 |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Semaphore_2010_5.pdf |access-date=13 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320183407/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Semaphore_2010_5.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2011 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|J184 Ballarat (ship, 1941)}}

{{Bathurst class corvette}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ballarat (J184)}}
[[Category:Bathurst-class corvettes of the Royal Australian Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built in Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:1940 ships]]
[[Category:World War II corvettes of Australia]]

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