View source for HNLMS Karel Doorman (R81)

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{{short description|Colossus class aircraft carrier}}
{{other ships|HNLMS Karel Doorman|HMS Venerable|ARA Veinticinco de Mayo}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=File:Hr.Ms. vliegkampschip Karel Doorman (R81) (2158 005371).jpg
|Ship caption=HNLMS ''Karel Doorman''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header              =
| Ship country             =United Kingdom
| Ship flag                ={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
| Ship name                ={{HMS|Venerable|R63|6}}
| Ship owner               =
| Ship operator            =
| Ship namesake            =
| Ship ordered             =7 August 1942
| Ship builder             =[[Cammell Laird]]
| Ship yard number         =1126
| Ship original cost       =
| Ship laid down           =3 December 1942
| Ship launched            =30 December 1943
| Ship acquired            =
| Ship commissioned        =27 November 1944
| Ship decommissioned      =April 1947
| Ship in service          =
| Ship out of service      =
| Ship struck              =
| Ship reinstated          =
| Ship homeport            =
| Ship honours             =
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]] R63
| Ship fate                =Sold to the Netherlands, 1 April 1948
| Ship notes               =
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header               =title
| Ship country              =Netherlands
| Ship flag                 ={{shipboxflag|Netherlands|naval}}
| Ship name                 =HNLMS ''Karel Doorman''
| Ship namesake             =[[Karel Doorman]]
| Ship owner                =
| Ship operator             =
| Ship acquired             =1 April 1948
| Ship commissioned         =28 May 1948
| Ship decommissioned       =29 April 1968
| Ship refit                =*1955-1958
* 1965-1966
| Ship identification       =R81
| Ship motto                =
| Ship nickname             =
| Ship honours              =
| Ship fate                 =Sold to Argentina, 15 October 1968
| Ship notes                =
| Ship badge                =
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header               =title
| Ship country              =Argentina
| Ship flag                 ={{shipboxflag|Argentina|naval}}
| Ship name                 ={{ship|ARA|Veinticinco de Mayo|V-2|6}}
| Ship namesake             =Date of the [[May Revolution]]
| Ship owner                =
| Ship operator             =
| Ship acquired             =15 October 1968
| Ship refit                =1969
| Ship commissioned         =12 March 1969
| Ship out of service       =Inoperable by 1990
| Ship decommissioned       =1997
| Ship homeport             =[[Puerto Belgrano]] Naval Base
| Ship identification       =V-2
| Ship motto                =
| Ship nickname             =
| Ship honours              =
| Ship fate                 =Provided spare parts for {{ship|Brazilian aircraft carrier|Minas Gerais||2}} and remainder was scrapped in 2000
| Ship notes                =
| Ship badge                =
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass|Colossus|aircraft carrier}}
|Ship type=
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=19,900 tons
|Ship length={{convert|192|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|24.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{convert|7.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship depth=
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship decks=
|Ship deck clearance=
|Ship ramps=
|Ship ice class=
|Ship power= {{convert|40000|shp|MW|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=*4 × [[Admiralty 3-drum boiler]]s
*2 × Parsons geared [[steam turbine]]s
*2 × propeller shafts
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship speed={{convert|25|kn|abbr=on}}
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship boats=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship troops=
|Ship complement=1,300
|Ship crew=
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=12 x [[Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|Anti-Aircraft guns]]
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''HNLMS ''Karel Doorman'' (R81)''' ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: '''Hr.Ms. ''Karel Doorman'' (R81)''') was a {{sclass|Colossus|aircraft carrier}} of the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]]. Formerly the British ship {{HMS|Venerable|R63|6}}, she was sold to the Netherlands in 1948 as a light attack carrier. In 1960, she was involved in the decolonization conflict in [[Western New Guinea]] with [[Indonesia]]. In the mid 1960s, her role was changed to [[anti-submarine warfare carrier]] and only ASW aircraft and helicopters were carried. An engine room fire took her out of service in 1968. She was sold to [[Argentina]] in 1969 and renamed {{ship|ARA|Veinticinco de Mayo|V-2|6}}.

==Purchase==
{{stack|[[File:Hr.Ms. vliegkampschip Karel Doorman (R81) (2158 008694).jpg|thumb|The ''Karel Doorman'' was substantially rebuilt with a new, angled (8°) flight deck, steam catapult, elevators, island etc. Seen here in 1958.]]}}
Built at [[Cammell Laird]] in [[Birkenhead]] on 3 December 1942, ''Venerable'' was launched just over a year later and commissioned on 17 January 1945.

In 1948, ''Venerable''{{'}}s short career in the [[Royal Navy]] came to an end when she was sold to the Netherlands and recommissioned as HNLMS ''Karel Doorman'', replacing a smaller {{sclass|Nairana|escort carrier|1}} of the same name while in Dutch service.

In 1955-58 she was rebuilt with an 8° angled flight deck, new elevators, new island, 40&nbsp;mm anti-aircraft guns, steam catapult, and all new aviation facilities and electronics were fitted, including a Dutch-built new radar. At the same time, a similar Dutch rebuild was done to her sister ship, the {{ship|Brazilian aircraft carrier|Minas Gerais||2|up=yes}}.

==Cruises==
[[File:Vliegkampschip Hr.Ms. Karel Doorman (R81), tijdens reis van smaldeel 5 naar Mayport, Key West, Tampa, Antillem, Guantanamo en Bermuda (2158 009360).jpg|thumb|left|''Karel Doorman'' on her cruise to the United States and Antilles in 1959.]]
''Karel Doorman'', frigate ''Johan Maurits van Nassau'', and light cruiser ''Jacob van Heemskerck'' made a voyage to the [[Netherlands Antilles]] on 2 January 1950. Embarked on ''Karel Doorman'' was [[Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld|Prince Bernhard]]. The ships returned to  the Netherlands on 4 May.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netherlandsnavy.nl/Jacheem_his.htm|title=Jacob van Heemskerck History|website=www.netherlandsnavy.nl}}</ref>

In 1954, during a North American cruise, she visited [[Montreal|Montreal, Quebec]], Canada for an air show appearance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shearwateraviationmuseum.ns.ca/squadrons/423chapter4.htm|title=423 Squadron - Chapter 4|website=www.shearwateraviationmuseum.ns.ca|access-date=1 June 2008|archive-date=4 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604095337/http://www.shearwateraviationmuseum.ns.ca/squadrons/423chapter4.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Early in 1959 the ship made a trip to the United States ([[Newport, Rhode Island]] and [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]]) and then continued on to visit the Antilles again.

[[File:Grumman TBM 3 Avenger onderzeebootbestrijdings- en aanvalsvliegtuigen (1953-1961, met gevouwen vleugels) op het vliegdek van het vliegkampschip Hr.Ms. Karel Doorman (R81). Op de achtergrond twee Sikorsky HSS-1N (2035-012-012-018).jpg|thumb|left|Aircraft parked on the flight deck of ''Karel Doorman'']]
[[File:Een Hawker FGA-50 Seahawk (F-57) landt op het vliegkampschip Hr.Ms. Karel Doorman (R 81) (2097 038 076808).jpg|thumb|left|Flight operations onboard the ''Karel Doorman''; Hawker Sea Hawk on approach.]]
In 1960, during the Dutch decolonization and planned independence of Western [[New Guinea]], a territory which was also claimed by [[Indonesia]], ''Karel Doorman'' set sail along with two destroyers and a modified oil tanker to "show the flag". In order to avoid possible problems with Indonesia's ally Egypt at the [[Suez Canal]], she instead sailed around the Horn of Africa. She arrived in [[Fremantle]], Australia, where the local seamen's union went on strike in sympathy with Indonesia; the crew used the propeller thrust of aircraft chained down on deck to nudge the carrier into dock without tugs. In addition to her air wing, she was ferrying twelve [[Hawker Hunter]] fighters to bolster the local Dutch defence forces, which she delivered when she arrived at Hollandia, New Guinea. ''Karel Doorman'' was also to have visited [[Yokohama]], Japan during this Asian cruise to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the establishment of Japanese-Dutch diplomatic relations but, due to Indonesian and local protests, Japan withdrew its invitation.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,826623,00.html|title=THE HIGH SEAS: Flying Dutchman|magazine=Time|date=19 September 1960|via=content.time.com}}</ref>

After the 1964 refit, ''Karel Doorman'' served the rest of her career mostly conducting NATO anti-submarine patrols in the north Atlantic, no longer carrying strike or fighter aircraft as part of her regular air wing. ''Karel Doorman'' also regularly conducted various exercises near Scotland during her career.

===Western New Guinea Crisis===
{{stack|
[[File:Vliegkampschip Hr.Ms. Karel Doorman (R81) in slecht weer nabij Australië in oktober 1960 (2158 009416).jpg|thumb|right|''Karel Doorman'' in the high seas, 1960]]
}}
{{Main|Western New Guinea Dispute|Operation Trikora}}
During the 1960 crisis, [[Indonesia]] prepared for a military action named [[Operation Trikora]]. For an invasion, the [[Indonesian Air Forces]] (TNI-AU) hoped to sink this aircraft carrier with Soviet-supplied [[Tupolev Tu-16|Tupolev Tu-16KS-1 Badger]] naval bombers using [[AS-1 Kennel|AS-1 Kennel / KS-1 Kometa]] anti-ship missiles (six planes were intended for the attack on ''Karel Doorman''). This bomber launched missile strike mission was cancelled because of the ceasefire between Indonesia and the Netherlands; this led to a Dutch withdrawal and [[United Nations Temporary Executive Authority|United Nations temporary peacekeeping administration]] followed by handover of Western New Guinea to Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.angkasa-online.com/09/12/english/english1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022071307/http://www.angkasa-online.com/09/12/english/english1.htm|url-status=dead|title=Tu-16 Badger: The stealth from the Southern Hemisphere - Rubrik HISTORY<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=22 October 2008}}</ref>

==Decommissioning==
[[File:Vliegkampschip Hr.Ms. Karel Doorman (R81), Na reparatie t.b.v overdracht aan Argentinie (2158 009541).jpg|thumb|right|''Karel Doorman'' in 1969 following repairs in preparation for her transfer to Argentina.]]
In 1964, following the settlement of issues threatening its former colonial territories and changes in the mission for the Royal Netherlands Navy within [[NATO]], coupled with the huge costs for operating and maintaining an aircraft carrier, it was decided to withdraw her from the operational fleet by the early 1970s. This was to coincide with the arrival of long range maritime patrol aircraft that were to take over the ASW role ''Karel Doorman'' had been tasked to perform ever since the start of the 1960s.

A boiler room fire on 26 April 1968 removed her from Dutch service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/carriers/nether.htm#r81|title=World Aircraft Carriers List: Netherlands|website=www.hazegray.org}}</ref> To repair the fire damage, new boilers were transplanted from the incomplete {{HMS|Leviathan|R97|6}}, at the Wilton-Fijenoord shipyard in Rotterdam. In 1969, it was decided that the costs for repairing the damage in relation to the relatively short time ''Karel Doorman'' was still to serve in the fleet proved to be her undoing and she was sold to the [[Argentine Navy]], renamed ''[[ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (V-2)|Veinticinco de Mayo]]'', where she would later play a role in the 1982 [[Falklands War]].

In the late 1960s, the NATO [[anti-submarine]] commitment was taken over by a squadron of [[Westland Wasp]] helicopters operated from six {{sclass|Van Speijk|frigate|0}} anti-submarine frigates and two squadrons of shore based maritime patrol aircraft. These were one squadron of [[Breguet Atlantique]] sea-reconnaissance aircraft<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.casema.nl/falcons/MLD.html|title=MLD|website=members.casema.nl|access-date=27 June 2019|archive-date=13 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213232203/http://members.casema.nl/falcons/MLD.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and one of [[P-2 Neptune]]s.

==Air wing==
[[File:Hawker FGA-50 Seahawk straaljagers voor carriers (1957-1964) aan dek van het vliegkampschip Hr.Ms. Karel Doorman (R81) (2158 017744).jpg|thumb|right|The unusual air wing carried by the ''Karel Doorman'': Sea Hawks and ASW Avenger aircraft.]]
[[File:Het Grumman S2F-1 (S-2A) Tracker onderzeebootbestrijdingsvliegtuig met registratie 169 (1961-1974) op het vliegdek van het vliegkampschip Hr.Ms. Karel Doorman (R81) klaar voor een take off met de katapult (2035-012-012-015).jpg|thumb|right|Royal Netherlands Navy [[Grumman S-2 Tracker|S2F-1 Tracker]] being prepared for catapult-assisted take-off.]]
[[File:De Grumman TBM-3S2 Avenger en de Grumman TBM-3W2 Avenger op het vliegdek van Hr.Ms. Karel Doorman (R81) (2158 013038).jpg|thumb|TBM-3S2 (anti-submarine) and TBM-3W2 (airborne early warning radar) Avenger aircraft lined up on the flight deck of ''Karel Doorman''.]]
First deploying as an attack carrier with 24 World War II era propeller driven [[Fairey Firefly]] strike fighters and [[Hawker Sea Fury]] fighters, for sea rescue a [[Supermarine Sea Otter]] flying boat was carried, it was replaced by a [[Sikorsky S-51]] helicopter.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

From 1958, she operated with an ASW/Strike profile with up to 14 [[Grumman TBF Avenger]] ASW/torpedo bombers, 10 [[Hawker Sea Hawk]] fighters (a first generation naval jet fighter considered by the larger naval powers to be undersized and nearly obsolete at the time of delivery to the Dutch) and 2 [[Sikorsky S-55]] ASW helicopters.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

In 1960, the Royal Netherlands Navy received 17 Canadian built [[Grumman S-2 Tracker]] ASW aircraft formerly used by the [[Royal Canadian Navy]]. Changing roles to a dedicated NATO [[antisubmarine warfare]] carrier, a wing of 8 Grumman S-2 Trackers and 6 [[Sikorsky S-58]] ASW helicopters served aboard from 1961 until the 1968 shipboard fire and removal from Dutch service.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

From 1959, Dutch Sea Hawks were equipped with [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|Sidewinder missiles]] that significantly enhanced and extended their air-to-air combat capabilities. While never engaged in combat, the aircraft were present as a carrier based deterrent during the 1962 New Guinea Indonesia crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_hawker_sea_hawk_50.html|title=Hawker Sea Hawk Mark 50|website=www.historyofwar.org}}</ref> They served aboard between 1957 and 1964 until ''Karel Doorman''{{'}}s overhaul, after which the attack role was eliminated and 22 aircraft were transferred to land based reserve storage - they were all retired from service by the end of the 1960s after the sale of ''Karel Doorman'' to Argentina.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.steelnavy.com/KDoorman.htm|title=KDoorman|website=www.steelnavy.com}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of aircraft carriers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|last=W.H.E.|first=van Amstel|title=De schepen van de Koninklijke Marine vanaf 1945|year=1991|publisher=De Alk|location=Alkmaar|isbn=9060139976}}
* {{cite book|last=Brand|first=Bert|title=Hr. Ms. Karel Doorman: vliegveld in zee|year=2005|publisher=Lanasta|location=Emmen|isbn=9086160018}}
* {{cite book|last=Geneste|first=Willem|title=Verguisd en geprezen: Hr. Ms. Karel Doorman|year=1990|publisher=Bonneville|location=Bergen|isbn=9073304024}}
* {{cite book|last=Hoog|first=Arie|title=De dikke boot: herinneringen aan Hr. Ms. Karel Doorman|year=1991|publisher=Bonneville|location=Bergen|isbn=9073304067}}
* {{cite book|last=Kop|first=H.J.E. van der|title=Vliegkampschepen: geschiedenis en ontwikkeling van het vliegkampschip Hr. Ms. Karel Doorman in de Koninklijke Marine|year=1982|publisher=De Boer maritiem|location=Bussum|isbn=9022818551}}
* {{cite book|last=Kooger|first=Hans|title=Het enige vliegkampschip van Nederland; de wereld van de carriers en herinneringen aan Hr. Ms. Karel Doorman|year=1999|publisher=Nederlandse Historiën|location=Berkel en Rodenrijs}}
* {{cite book|last=Hellema|first=Duco|title=De Karel Doorman In Nieuw-Guinea: Nederlands Machtsvertoon In De Oost|year=2005|publisher=Boom|location=Amsterdam|isbn=9789085061823}}
* {{cite book|last=Cats|first=Jacques|title=Viermaal Karel Doorman|year=2014|publisher=de Drvkkery Schrijverspodium|isbn=9789081585644}}
* {{cite web|url=https://anderetijden.nl/programma/1/Andere-Tijden/aflevering/413/Karel-Doorman-|title=Karel Doorman|last=Slot |first=Rob Bruins |publisher=Andere Tijden|language=nl|date=1 November 2005|access-date=8 March 2018}}
* {{cite web|url=https://marineschepen.nl/schepen/vliegdekschip-karel-doorman.html|title=Karel Doorman vliegkampschip (1948)|last=Karremann |first=Jaime |publisher=marineschepen.nl|language=nl|date=2 June 2014|access-date=8 March 2018}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|R81 Hr.Ms. Karel Doorman (ship, 1944)}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k99XVpBLIKA HNLMS Karel Doorman (R81) in HD Color 1963]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSQiG07PGPk This is HMS Karel Doorman]
* [http://www.steelnavy.com/KDoorman.htm ''Karel Doorman'', Netherlands Carrier]
* [http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-04CV-Venerable.htm Naval-History.net HMS Venerable]

{{1942_design_aircraft_carrier}}
{{Post1945DutchShips}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karel Doorman (R81)}}
[[Category:Colossus-class aircraft carriers of the Royal Netherlands Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Mersey]]
[[Category:1943 ships]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (V-2) (edit)
Brazilian aircraft carrier Minas Gerais (edit)
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Template:Ship (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Shipboxflag (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Shipboxflag/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sister-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Stack (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Stack/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Commons link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Military navigation (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Other uses (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/rfd (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WPSHIPS utilities (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to HNLMS Karel Doorman (R81).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNLMS_Karel_Doorman_(R81)"