View source for June 2024 Ukraine peace summit

{{Short description|International summit in Switzerland}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
[[File:The Prime Minister Attends the Summit on Peace in Ukraine (53793815640).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Group photo of attendees of the summit]]
[[File:Summit on Peace in Ukraine 15 16 June 2024.png|thumb|Logo of the Summit on Peace in Ukraine, 15–16 June 2024]]
{{Campaignbox 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
{{Campaignbox Russo-Ukrainian War}}
An international peace summit in relation to the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], formally called the '''Summit on Peace in Ukraine''',<ref name="SwissFDFA_3topics_selected" /> was held in [[Bürgenstock Resort]] in Switzerland<ref name="VBS_CH_host_highlevel" /> on 15–16 June 2024.<ref name="SwissFDFA_summit_on_peace_20240524" /> The conference followed a series of four earlier international meetings,<ref name="KyivIndep_CH_confirms_host" /> and was hosted by the Swiss president [[Viola Amherd]].<ref name="VBS_CH_host_highlevel" /> Representatives from 92 nations and 8 international organizations attended the summit, while Russia did not participate.<ref name="FDFA_participating_countries" /><ref name="SwissFDFA_summit_on_peace_20240524" />

The [[:s:Summit on Peace in Ukraine: Joint Communiqué on a Peace Framework|Joint Communiqué on a Peace Framework]] became the final statement of the summit and was supported by the majority of participants. In the Joint Communiqué, the signees declared that they agreed to take "concrete steps ... with further engagement of the representatives of all parties" on three themes: nuclear power and weapons, food security, and prisoners and deportees. The signees agreed that "Ukrainian nuclear power plants and installations, including [[Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis|Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, must operate safely and securely]] under full sovereign control of Ukraine and in line with [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]] principles and under its supervision" and that "Any threat or use of nuclear weapons in the context of the ongoing war against Ukraine is inadmissible." They declared that for the "[[Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine#Cost of food and crops|supply of food products]] ... Attacks on merchant ships in ports and along the entire route, as well as against civilian ports and civilian port infrastructure, are unacceptable" and that "Ukrainian agricultural products should be securely and freely provided to interested third countries." They stated that "all [[treatment of prisoners of war in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|prisoners of war]] must be released" and that all children and "other [[Russian filtration camps for Ukrainians|Ukrainian civilians who were unlawfully detained]], must be returned to Ukraine".<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique" /> Some delegates did not endorse the Joint Communiqué;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-updates-swiss-peace-summit-wraps-up/live-69377404 |title=Ukraine updates: Swiss peace summit wraps up |date=16 June 2024 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="FDFA_joint_communique_17June_version2" /> {{as of|2024|09|26|lc=yes}}, 89 states and six organisations had signed it.<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique_26September_version1"/>

==Background==
{{see also|Russian invasion of Ukraine|peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine}}

===Ukrainian 10-point proposal===
{{main|Ukraine's Peace Formula}}
In November 2022, Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] announced a 10-point peace plan, on the issues of [[Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis|nuclear safety]]; [[2022–2023 food crises#Russian invasion of Ukraine|food security]] for Asian and African countries; [[Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)|Ukraine's energy infrastructure]]; the release of  prisoners and the return of [[Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War|Ukrainian children deported to Russia]]; restoration of the 1991 [[Russia–Ukraine border]]; withdrawal of Russian forces from Ukraine; prosecutions for [[war crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]; handling of ecological damage; guarantees against future Russian [[crime of aggression|aggression]]; and a peace conference and international [[treaty]].<ref name="AJE_Zelenskyy_10pt_plan">{{cite Q|Q125459859|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="KyivPost_Zelenskyy_10pt_plan">{{cite Q|Q125459920|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2022, Zelenskyy called for the [[G7]] states to support the plan.<ref name="AJE_Zelenskyy_10pt_plan" />

===Series of four meetings===
A series of four international conferences aiming at a peaceful resolution of the February 2022 [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine]] preceded the planned June 2024 Swiss conference.<ref name="Euronews_more_countries_Jan2024">{{cite Q|Q125459208|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="KyivIndep_CH_confirms_host" />

On 24 June 2023, the first meeting was held in [[Copenhagen]], including representatives from Ukraine, G7 states, the [[European Union]] (EU), [[India]], [[South Africa]], [[Brazil]], and [[Turkey]], with the aim of building wide international support for a peace process based on the Ukrainian 10-point proposal. A [[European Commission]] official stated that there was emerging consensus at the meeting that the peace process should be based on the United Nations Charter principles of territorial integrity and sovereignty.<ref name="Reuters_UA_peace_summit_Copenhagen">{{cite Q|Q125454374|url-status=live}}</ref>

A second meeting was held during 5–6 August 2023 in [[Jeddah]], including representatives from about 40 countries, including [[China]], India, EU member states, India, Brazil, South Africa, [[Indonesia]], [[Mexico]], [[Zambia]], [[Egypt]] and the United States (US). Agreements were made to establish working groups on the themes of the Ukrainian 10-point peace proposal and an ambassadors' group. The aim of holding a meeting at the heads-of-state level was "considered plausible" for later in 2023.<ref name="Guardian_China_backs_further_UA_talks">{{cite Q|Q125459062|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Kyiv Post]]'' described the Ukriainian 10-point plan as "broadly" gaining support at the meeting.<ref name="KyivPost_Zelenskyy_10pt_plan" />

A third meeting was organised on the weekend of 28–29 October 2023 in [[Malta]] among national security advisors from 65 states from Europe, South America, the Arab world, Africa and Asia.<ref name="CNBC_UA_talks_Malta">{{cite Q|Q125459101|url-status=live}}</ref>

A fourth meeting was held in mid-January 2024 [[Davos]] prior to the [[World Economic Forum]], with representatives from 83 countries and international organisations participating, including 18 from Asia, without China, and 12 from Africa. Co-chair of the meeting, Swiss Foreign Minister [[Ignazio Cassis]], stated that the meeting had "clarified points up for discussion", that neither Ukraine nor Russia accepted territorial concessions, and that a high-level meeting had not been scheduled.<ref name="Bloomberg_UA_peace_plan_Davos">{{cite Q|Q125459117|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 January, following the meeting, Swiss president Viola Amherd stated that Switzerland was planning to organise a "possible peace conference".<ref name="SwissInfo_CH_plans_UA_summit">{{cite Q|Q125459602|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Timing===
The summit immediately followed the [[50th G7 summit]] in [[Fasano]], Italy.<ref name="Swissinfo_50_countries" />

===Russian proposal on the day prior to the summit===
On 14 June, the day before the summit was held, [[Russian President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] presented a proposal in which Ukraine had to "begin the actual withdrawal of troops from the territories of [[Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk]], [[Luhansk Oblast|Luhansk]], [[Kherson Oblast|Kherson]] and [[Zaporizhzhia oblast]]s within the administrative borders."<ref name="Putin7460781"/> These borders had to be "as they existed at the time of their accession to Ukraine."<ref name="Putin7460781"/>{{#tag:ref|On 14 June 2024 Russia was not holding all these territories Putin mentioned [[Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine|under its military control]].<ref name="Putin7460781"/>|group=nb}} Additionally, Ukraine had to "officially announce the abandonment of [[Ukraine–NATO relations|plans to join]] [[NATO]]." After these conditions had been met "from our side, immediately, literally at that same moment, the order to cease fire and begin negotiations will be issued. I repeat, we will do this immediately."<ref name="Putin7460781"/> Putin stated that the essence of the proposal "is not about a temporary truce. It is not about freezing the conflict but about its final resolution."<ref name="Putin7460781"/> Putin listed Ukraine's neutral and [[Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction#Ukrainian nuclear arsenal after dissolution of the Soviet Union|non-nuclear status]] and lifting [[International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War#Sanctions against Russian and Ukrainian individuals, companies and officials|sanctions against Russia]] as additional conditions for peaceful resolution.<ref name="Putin7460781"/>{{#tag:ref|Putin also mentioned that in future [[Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|peace negotiations]] Russia would insist on the "demilitarization and denazification" of Ukraine of which, according to Putin, the "parameters were generally agreed upon by everyone back during the [[Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine#Istanbul Communiqué|Istanbul talks in 2022]].<ref name="Putin1803657"/> Putin stated "Of course, the [[Human rights in Ukraine|rights and freedoms]] of [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian-speaking citizens in Ukraine]] must be fully ensured."<ref name="Putin1803657">{{cite news |title=Russia makes another real peace proposal to Kiev — Putin|url=https://tass.com/politics/1803657|access-date=15 June 2024|work=[[TASS]]|date=14 June 2024|language=English}}</ref>|group=nb}} Putin stated that this plan was "another real concrete peace proposal", and if turned down by Ukraine and [[List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War|its allies]], "then this is their problem, their political and moral responsibility for continuing the bloodshed".<ref name="Putin7460781">{{cite news |title=Putin lays out his terms for ceasefire in Ukraine|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c033eyyr20do|access-date=14 June 2024|work=[[BBC News]]|date=14 June 2024|language=English}}<br>{{cite news |title=Vladimir Putin issues fresh demands to Ukraine to end war|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/14/vladimir-putin-issues-fresh-demands-to-ukraine-to-end-war|access-date=14 June 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=14 June 2024|language=English}}<br>{{cite news |title=Putin states Ukrainian Armed Forces must withdraw from 4 Ukrainian oblasts to begin peace talks|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/06/14/7460781/|access-date=14 June 2024|work=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]|date=14 June 2024|language=English}}</ref>

Zelenskyy responded the same day, stating, "These messages are ultimatum messages. It's the same thing [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] did, when he said '[[Munich Agreement|give me a part of]] [[Czechoslovakia]] and it'll end here'."<ref name="Putin7460781"/> Dutch prime minister [[Mark Rutte]] interpreted Putin's proposal as a sign of panic.<ref name="NV_putin_panic">{{cite Q|Q126689515|url-status=live|archive-date=2024-06-16|archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.nv.ua%2Fnation%2Fdutch-pm-putin-s-statement-on-peace-talks-shows-he-is-panicking-50427550.html}}</ref>

===Chinese alternative proposal===
In May 2024, China and Brazil made a six-point proposal calling for an international peace conference that is "recognised by both Russia and Ukraine, with equal participation of all parties as well as fair discussion of all peace plans." China did not attend the weekend summit in Switzerland, while Brazil sent a low-level delegation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why China Is Sabotaging Ukraine |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/china/why-china-sabotaging-ukraine-peace-agreement |work=Foreign Affairs |date=14 June 2024}}</ref>

==Exploratory phase and preparations==
===Exploratory discussions===
[[File:Buergenstock im Morgenlicht; Falcon8-Luftaufnahme.jpg|thumb|right|Hotels of Bürgenstock resort during rebuild in 2016]]
Following talks with Zelenskyy in January 2024, Swiss officials started an exploratory phase of discussions with representatives of the [[European Union]], [[China]], [[India]], [[South Africa]], [[Brazil]], [[Ethiopia]] and [[Saudi Arabia]] in relation to a possible high-level peace conference<ref name="VBS_CH_host_highlevel" /> that "builds" on the series of four national-advisor level conferences.<ref name="KyivIndep_CH_confirms_host">{{cite Q|Q125459811|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 10 April 2024, the [[Federal Council (Switzerland)|Swiss Federal Council]] stated that the conference would be held at Bürgenstock Resort in June 2024.<ref name="VBS_CH_host_highlevel">{{cite Q|Q125459467|url-status=live}}</ref> Possible dates suggested for the conference were 16–17 June 2024.<ref name="KyivIndep_CH_confirms_host" /> Swiss representatives aimed at convincing representatives from a wide variety of states to participate, with Cassis visiting China and India for this purpose.<ref name="SwissInfo_April2024_UA_peace" />

[[Gabriel Lüchinger (diplomat)|Gabriel Lüchinger]] of the Swiss [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs]] and Ignazio Cassis were responsible for groups preparing the conference.<ref name="VBS_CH_host_highlevel" />

A meeting among security and administrative officials from the G7 and unnamed countries of the [[Global South]], without Russian representatives, was planned to be held in [[Qatar]] on the weekend of 27–28 April 2024 in preparation for the June summit.<ref name="KyivIndep_Qatar2host">{{cite Q|Q125604332|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Security===
Security plans for the summit include the deployment of 4000 personnel from Swiss security forces, airspace restrictions around Bürgenstock, and [[Swiss Air Force]] deployment.<ref name="UAPravda_upto_4000_troops">{{cite Q|Q126118916|url-status=live}}</ref> According to ''[[SWI swissinfo]]'', public access to the Bürgenstock Resort is easy to restrict. An [[aerodrome]] is nearby.<ref name="Swissinfo_50_countries">{{Cite web |last=swissinfo.ch |first=S. W. I. |date=2024-05-15 |title=Ukraine peace talks: 50 countries have confirmed participation |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/foreign-affairs/ukraine-peace-conference-50-countries-have-agreed-to-attend-so-far/77614755 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Aims==
[[File:The Prime Minister Attends the Summit on Peace in Ukraine (53792187807).jpg|thumb|250px|Working session in the facilities of [[Bürgenstock Resort]] in [[Nidwalden]]]]
The conference aims to conduct high-level discussion on a "comprehensive, just and lasting peace for Ukraine" in the context of [[international law]] and the [[Charter of the United Nations]], and to motivate a peace process.<ref name="VBS_CH_host_highlevel" /><ref name="SwissFDFA_summit_on_peace_20240524" /> The discussion is aimed to include "build[ing] on" earlier discussions of the [[Ukraine's Peace Formula|Ukrainian 10-point peace proposal]]<ref name="KyivIndep_CH_confirms_host" /> and "other peace proposals based on the UN Charter and key principles of international law", and to jointly develop a plan on how to include both Ukraine and Russia in a later peace process. The FDFA stated that all participating states "should be able to contribute their ideas and visions" of how to achieve peace.<ref name="SwissFDFA_summit_on_peace_20240524">{{cite Q|Q125893861|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{As of|2024|06|06}}, three specific topics were seen by the [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs|FDFA]] as being of wide interest to participating states and likely to be the focus of the summit:<ref name="SwissFDFA_summit_on_peace_20240524" /><ref name="SwissFDFA_06062024_How_summit_prepared">{{cite Q|Q126441050}}</ref>
* [[nuclear safety and security]];
* [[freedom of navigation]] and [[food safety]]; and
* humanitarian aspects including protection of [[civilian]]s and [[prisoner exchange]].
The FDFA argued that "small, concrete steps" could be taken in the three topics to [[confidence-building measures|build trust]].<ref name="SwissFDFA_06062024_How_summit_prepared" />

==Participating states and international organizations==
[[File:Switzerland-ukraine-peace-summit-signed.svg|thumb|left|States that:
{{legend|#247ba0|signed the [[#Themes and joint communiqué|Joint Communiqué]]}}
{{legend|#98dfea|participated in the summit but did not sign the Joint Communiqué}}]]
{{As of|2024|05|24}}, representatives from 160 states and [[international organizations]] had been invited to the conference.<ref name="UAWorldCongress_CH_awaiting_160">{{cite Q|Q125941686|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SwissFDFA_summit_on_peace_20240524" /> The possible participation of China was seen as a key issue. A Swiss FDFA spokesperson stated that "listen[ing] to the Global South, which [would] play a key role in the eventual inclusion of Russia in the process" was significant.<ref name="KyivIndep_CH_aims_host">{{cite Q|Q125459837|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SwissInfo_April2024_UA_peace" /> The FDFA stated that ninety states and organisations had registered to take part in the summit {{as of|2024|06|10|lc=yes}}.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Switzerland says 90 states, organizations signed up for Ukraine summit |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/switzerland-says-90-states-organizations-signed-up-ukraine-summit-2024-06-10/ |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

Participation included that of heads of states and governments or other representatives from Europe ([[Armenia]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Armenia To Join Swiss Summit On Ukraine |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/32993202.html |work=Azatutyun}}</ref> [[Belgium]],<ref name="KyivIndep_ES_BE_LV_FI_particip" /> [[Denmark]],<ref name="UAPresident_DK_NL_CoE_particip" /> [[Finland]],<ref name="KyivIndep_ES_BE_LV_FI_particip" /> [[France]],<ref name="KyivIndep_FR_to_participate">{{cite Q|Q125459792|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]],<ref name="Suspilne_GE_LI_MW_particip">{{cite Q|Q125941907|url-status=live |trans-title=Three more leaders confirmed their participation in the Peace Summit - Zelenskyy}}</ref> [[Germany]],<ref name="UAPresident_DK_NL_CoE_particip" /> [[Italy]],<ref name="SwissInfo_IT_PL_to_participate" /> [[Kosovo]],<ref name="FDFA_participating_countries" /> [[Latvia]],<ref name="KyivIndep_ES_BE_LV_FI_particip" /> [[Liechtenstein]],<ref name="Suspilne_GE_LI_MW_particip"/> [[The Netherlands]],<ref name="UAPresident_DK_NL_CoE_particip" /> [[Poland]],<ref name="SwissInfo_IT_PL_to_participate">{{cite Q|Q125852388|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Portugal]],<ref name="Ukrinform_PT_particip">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-24 |title=Portugal to participate in Peace Summit at highest level |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3867462-portugal-to-participate-in-peace-summit-at-highest-level.html |access-date=2024-05-28 |newspaper=[[Ukrinform]] |language=en|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240528205902/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3867462-portugal-to-participate-in-peace-summit-at-highest-level.html|archive-date=2024-05-28|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Spain]]<ref name="KyivIndep_ES_BE_LV_FI_particip">{{cite Q|Q125852145|url-status=live}}</ref>), Africa ([[Cape Verde]],<ref name="KyivIndep_CV_particip">{{cite Q|Q125852203|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Malawi]]<ref name="Suspilne_GE_LI_MW_particip"/>), Asia ([[India]],<ref name="KyivIndep_IN_particip_level_undecided">{{cite Q|Q126002415|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Japan]],<ref name="MaiNichi_JP_particip">{{cite Q|Q125857964|url-status=live}}</ref> [[The Philippines]],<ref name="StraitsTimes_PH_particip">{{cite Q|Q126361128|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Singapore]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore to attend Ukraine peace summit in Switzerland, represented by Sim Ann |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/senior-minister-state-sim-ann-attend-ukraine-peace-summit-switzerland-prime-minister-lawrence-wong-special-envoy-4386266 |access-date=7 June 2024 |work=CNA |language=en}}</ref> [[South Korea]]<ref name="Swissinfo_KR_particip">{{cite Q|Q125880375|archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/south-korea%27s-president-promises-to-keep-up-ukraine-support/77523810|archive-date=2024-06-02|url-status=live}}</ref>), South America ([[Argentina]],<ref name="PublicoES_AR_particip">{{cite Q|Q126286060|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Chile]]<ref name="Ukrinform_CL_particip">{{cite Q|Q126285982|url-status=live}}</ref>) and North America ([[Canada]],<ref name="KyivIndep_CA_particip">{{cite Q|Q125887514|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Guatemala]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Presidente Bernardo Arévalo tendrá una gira de trabajo por Europa |trans-title=President Bernardo Arévalo will have a working tour of Europe |url=https://agn.gt/presidente-bernardo-arevalo-tendra-una-gira-de-trabajo-por-europa/ |access-date=13 June 2024 |work=Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias |language=es}}</ref> [[United States]]<ref name="NVUA_US_particip">{{cite Q|Q126183454|url-status=live|archive-date=2024-06-01|archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.nv.ua%2Fnation%2Fus-to-participate-in-swiss-peace-summit-50422865.html}}</ref><ref name="KyivIndep_US_particip_HarrisSullivan" />); and the heads of the [[Council of Europe]],<ref name="UAPresident_DK_NL_CoE_particip">{{cite Q|Q125857902|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[European Council]],<ref name="InterfaxUA_EuroCouncil_particip">{{cite Q|Q125858454|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[European Commission]].<ref name="KyivIndep_EuroCommission_particip">{{cite Q|Q125876098|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Vice President Harris attended the 2024 Ukraine peace summit (2).jpg|thumb|President Zelenskyy and Vice President [[Kamala Harris]] at the peace summit in Switzerland]]
{{As of|2024|04|09}}, [[China]] was "examining the possibility of taking part".<ref name="SwissInfo_April2024_UA_peace">{{cite Q|Q125459775|url-status=live}}</ref> On 26 May, Zelenskyy called for [[President of China|Chinese president]] [[Xi Jinping]] and US president [[Joe Biden]] to participate in the summit.<ref name="SCMP_Zelenskyy_urges_Biden_Xi">{{cite Q|Q126119440|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 June, planned participation by US vice-president [[Kamala Harris]] and US National Security Advisor [[Jake Sullivan]] was confirmed.<ref name="KyivIndep_US_particip_HarrisSullivan">{{cite Q|Q126351597|url-status=live}}</ref> Biden was expected to be absent due to an event [[Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign|in his re-election campaign]].<ref name="NVUA_no_announcement_yet">{{cite Q|Q125880315|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg_Biden_set_to_skip">{{cite Q|Q126119332|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Pakistan]]<ref name="aljazeera"/> and [[Vietnam]]<ref>{{cite news |title=US Government Criticizes Vietnam's Decision to Host Russia's Putin |url=https://thediplomat.com/2024/06/us-government-criticizes-vietnams-decision-to-host-russias-putin/ |work=The Diplomat |date=18 June 2024}}</ref> declined the invitation. [[Cambodia]] chose not to participate.<ref name="dw.com"/>

The full list of 100 participants, including 57 heads of state or government, was published on 14 June 2024.<ref name="FDFA_participating_countries">{{cite Q|Q126640124}}</ref> Altogether, representatives of 93 countries (including Switzerland) participated in the summit: [[Albania]], [[Andorra]], [[Argentina]], [[Armenia]], [[Australia]], [[Austria]], [[Bahrain]], [[Belgium]], [[Benin]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Brazil]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Canada]], [[Cape Verde]], [[Chile]], [[Comoros]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Croatia]], [[Cyprus]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Denmark]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[East Timor]], [[Ecuador]], [[Estonia]], [[Fiji]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[Gambia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Germany]], [[Ghana]], [[Greece]], [[Guatemala]], [[Holy See]], [[Hungary]], [[Iceland]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Iraq]], [[Ireland]], [[Israel]], [[Italy]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Japan]], [[Jordan]], [[Kenya]], [[Kosovo]], [[Latvia]], [[Liberia]], [[Libya]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Lithuania]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Malta]], [[Mauritania]], [[Mexico]], [[Moldova]], [[Monaco]], [[Montenegro]], [[Netherlands]], [[New Zealand]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Norway]], [[Palau]], [[Peru]], [[Philippines]], [[Poland]], [[Portugal]], [[Qatar]], [[Romania]], [[Rwanda]], [[San Marino]], [[São Tomé and Príncipe]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Serbia]], [[Singapore]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Somalia]], [[South Africa]], [[South Korea]], [[Spain]], [[Suriname]], [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]], [[Thailand]], [[Turkey]], [[Ukraine]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], [[Uruguay]].<ref name="FDFA_participating_countries_17June2024_update">{{cite Q|Q126734699}}</ref>

==Non-Participating states ==
The FDFA stated that Russia was not invited to the June 2024 stage of the discussions; that Switzerland had "always shown openness" to inviting Russia to the first summit; and that Russia had "repeatedly and also publicly" stated that it would not participate in the first summit. The FDFA stated the Swiss point of view that Russia necessarily would have to be involved in the overall peace process, stating, "A peace process without Russia is unthinkable."<ref name="SwissFDFA_summit_on_peace_20240524" /> Zelenskyy accused Russia of using Chinese diplomats to undermine the peace summit in Switzerland.<ref>{{cite news |title=Zelensky says China's 'support to Russia' will extend war in Ukraine during surprise appearance in Asia |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/02/europe/zelensky-ukraine-shangrila-address-intl-hnk/index.html |work=CNN |date=3 June 2024}}</ref>

Citing the absence of Russia, China did not attend the weekend conference.<ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: China pushes rival Ukraine peace plan before Swiss summit, diplomats say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china-pushes-rival-ukraine-peace-plan-before-swiss-summit-diplomats-say-2024-06-13/ |work=Reuters |date=14 June 2024}}</ref> According to sources, it has been telling [[Global North and Global South|developing countries]] that the peace summit in Switzerland would prolong the war but has not directly asked any country to abstain from the meeting. China, with Brazil, had proposed an alternative peace plan and has been trying to gather support for it. In early May 2024, Beijing's Special Envoy for Eurasian Affairs visited [[Brazil]], [[Indonesia]], [[Turkey]], [[Egypt]], [[Saudi Arabia]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[South Africa]] and [[Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Opinion: Final blow to Chinese 'neutrality' on Ukraine war |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/xi-jinping-vladimir-putin-ukraine-war-swiss-peace-summit/ |work=Politico |date=19 June 2024}}</ref>

Former [[Thailand|Thai]] Prime Minister [[Abhisit Vejjajiva]] said that because of the fundamental lack of trust between the United States and China, and their allies, "it’s so difficult to see how either side can claim legitimacy to initiate some kind of peace summit. The other side is simply not going to accept it."<ref name="swissinfo.ch"/>

==Themes and joint communiqué==
{{wikisource|Summit on Peace in Ukraine: Joint Communiqué on a Peace Framework}}
The summit took place on 15–16 June 2024 as planned. The three main topics of focus for the summit were [[nuclear safety and security]], [[freedom of navigation]] and food safety, and humanitarian aspects.<ref name="SwissFDFA_summit_on_peace_20240524" /><ref name="SwissFDFA_06062024_How_summit_prepared">{{cite Q|Q126441050}}</ref><ref name="SwissFDFA_3topics_selected">{{cite Q|Q126500952}}</ref> The final statement of the summit, titled the "Joint Communiqué on a Peace Framework" and referring to the "ongoing war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine", was initially signed by 80 states<ref name="Indep_signatories_drops_78" /> and four international European organisations,<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique" /> with [[Jordan]] withdrawing on 16 June.<ref name="Indep_signatories_drops_78" /><ref name="FDFA_joint_communique" /> [[Iraq]] also withdrew its signature on 16 June,<ref name="Indep_signatories_drops_78">{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-kharkiv-battle-putin-peace-summit-b2563696.html?page=3 |title=Signatories of Ukraine peace summit drops to 78 |last=Watling |first=Tom |date=17 June 2024 |website=[[The Independent]] |access-date=17 June 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617180344/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-kharkiv-battle-putin-peace-summit-b2563696.html?page=3 |archive-date=17 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="FDFA_joint_communique_version2">{{cite Q|Q126695428}}</ref> as did [[Rwanda]] on 17 June,<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique_17June_version1">{{cite Q|Q126709583}}</ref> while the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] declared its support on 17 June<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique_17June_version2">{{cite Q|Q126718451}}</ref> and [[Antigua and Barbuda]], the [[Organization of American States]] and [[Zambia]] signed by 19 June.<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique_19June_version1">{{cite Q|Q126734142}}</ref><ref name="FDFA_joint_communique_20June_version1">{{cite Q|Q126740744}}</ref> On 21 June, [[Barbados]] and the [[Marshall Islands]] signed the communiqué.<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique_21June_version1">{{cite Q|Q126865377}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Barbados and Marshall Islands join Global Peace Summit communiqué— Zelenskyy |url=https://english.nv.ua/nation/barbados-and-the-republic-marshall-islands-joined-the-communique-of-global-piece-summit-50429327.html |access-date=22 June 2024 |work=[[The New Voice of Ukraine]] |date=22 June 2024}}</ref> {{As of|2024|09|26}}, there were 89 signatures by states and six by organisations.<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique_26September_version1">{{cite Q|Q130369560}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The FDFA lists the Ecumenical Patriarchate as a supporting organisation separate from the main (counted) list of states and organisations.<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique_25June_version1">{{cite Q|Q126902532}}</ref>|group=nb}} Brazil, India, South Africa and Saudi Arabia, participants in the summit (with Brazil as an observer), did not sign the Communiqué.<ref name="Guardian_key_global_powers">{{cite Q|Q126709637|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:The Prime Minister Attends the Summit on Peace in Ukraine (53793134996).jpg|thumb|British Prime Minister [[Rishi Sunak]], Canadian Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]], Danish Prime Minister [[Mette Frederiksen]] and Belgian Prime Minister [[Alexander De Croo]], 15 June 2024]]

The Joint Communiqué declared support for [[United Nations General Assembly resolution]]s [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1|A/RES/ES-11/1]] and [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/6|A/RES/ES-11/6]] and for the Charter of the United Nations.<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique">{{cite Q|Q126689568}}</ref> The Communiqué "reaffirm[ed] [the signees'] commitment to refraining from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, the principles of sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of all states, including Ukraine, within their internationally recognized borders, including territorial waters, and the resolution of disputes through peaceful means as principles of international law."<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique" />

The Communiqué declared that the signees would "undertake concrete steps in the future in the [three themes of the summit] with further engagement of the representatives of all parties."<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique" />

In his closing speech for the summit, Ghanaian president [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] stated that "in many ways, Africa [was] the greatest victim" of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. He called for Russian and Chinese participation in the peace process. Akufo-Addo stated that Ghana viewed the Russian invasion as "great power hegemony and the bullying of small states by big powers", to which Ghana is opposed.<ref name="KyivIndep_Ghana_president">{{cite Q|Q126692607|url-status=live}}</ref> Chilean president [[Gabriel Boric]] said in his closing speech for the summit that Chile wanted "Russia and Ukraine [to] soon engage in dialogue with respect to the territorial integrity of Ukraine, international law, and a firm commitment to human rights as a fundamental standard." He stated that the summit was "not about NATO, not about right or left political ideas, not about northern or southern countries, [it was] about respect of international law and human rights, foundational principles of living together. This is applicable in Ukraine, in Gaza, and in any other conflict in the world."<ref name="KyivIndep_Chile_president">{{cite Q|Q126693071|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Nuclear safety and security===
Nuclear safety and security issues under discussion for the summit included the [[Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis]] and the [[impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants|risk to other nuclear power stations]]. Improved Russian cooperation with the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] (IAEA) constituted part of this theme.<ref name="SwissFDFA_3topics_selected" />

The Joint Communiqué declared that "Ukrainian nuclear power plants and installations, including Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, must operate safely and securely under full sovereign control of Ukraine and in line with IAEA principles and under its supervision" and that "Any threat or use of nuclear weapons in the context of the ongoing war against Ukraine is inadmissible."<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique" />

===Freedom of navigation and food safety===
In the context of the [[World food crises (2022–present)#Russian invasion of Ukraine|impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on world food crises]] in terms of food production and transport and the [[Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine#Cost of food and crops|invasion's impact on costs]], actions such as the [[Black Sea Grain Initiative]] are proposed for discussion.<ref name="SwissFDFA_3topics_selected" />

The Joint Communiqué declared that "Attacks on merchant ships in ports and along the entire route, as well as against civilian ports and civilian port infrastructure, are unacceptable" and that "Ukrainian agricultural products should be securely and freely provided to interested third countries."<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique" />

===Humanitarian aspects===
Protection of [[Russian filtration camps for Ukrainians|civilians detained by Russian]] and Ukrainian authorities and the [[treatment of prisoners of war in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|treatment of prisoners of war]] under [[international humanitarian law]] was discussed. "Clarif[ication] of the fate of detained and missing persons" was presented as a prerequisite for a long-term peace process.<ref name="SwissFDFA_3topics_selected" />

The Joint Communiqué stated that "all prisoners of war must be released" and that all children and "other Ukrainian civilians who were unlawfully detained, must be returned to Ukraine".<ref name="FDFA_joint_communique" />

==Reactions==
Prior to the June summit itself, Zelenskyy stated in late April 2024 that Russian authorities had "a specific plan" for disrupting the summit, including plans to discourage states from participating.<ref name="KyivIndep_RU_planning_disrupt">{{cite Q|Q125604204|url-status=live}}</ref>

Indonesian President-elect [[Prabowo Subianto]] said that "Many countries feel that in a peace summit all elements must be present, especially Russia."<ref name="swissinfo.ch">{{cite news |title=Ukraine Struggles to Court Global South Before Swiss Summit |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/ukraine-struggles-to-court-global-south-before-swiss-summit/80682481 |work=[[SWI swissinfo]] |date=14 June 2024}}</ref> Indian diplomat [[Pavan Kapoor]] said that India could not sign the [[#Themes and joint communiqué|Joint Communiqué]] because "only those options acceptable to both parties can lead to abiding peace."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ostiller |first1=Nate |title=Ukraine's peace summit falls short of engaging Global South — can Ukraine expand its coalition? |url=https://kyivindependent.com/ukraines-peace-summit-failed-to-engage-the-global-south-what-can-ukraine-do-to-expand-its-coalition/ |work=[[The Kyiv Independent]] |date=19 June 2024}}</ref>

[[Cambodia]] announced that its officials would not attend the summit because it would be "unsuccessful" without the participation of Russia.<ref name="dw.com">{{cite news |title=Ukraine summit: Which Southeast Asian nations are going? |url=https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-peace-summit-which-southeast-asian-nations-are-going/a-69360468 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=14 June 2024}}</ref> Colombian President [[Gustavo Petro]] wrote on X that the summit's "conclusions are already predetermined" by "blocs of countries for war".<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine peace summit failed to meet 'fairytale' expectations |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/foreign-affairs/ukraine-peace-summit-failed-to-meet-fairytale-expectations/80944540 |work=SWI swissinfo |date=17 June 2024}}</ref>

South Africa's National Security Advisor [[Sydney Mufamadi]] criticized [[Israel]]'s participation at the peace summit despite Israel being accused by many UN officials of violating international law in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]]. Saudi Foreign Minister [[Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud]] said that serious negotiations would "require difficult compromises as part of a roadmap that leads to peace. And here, it is essential to emphasise that any credible process will need Russia's participation."<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news |title=Ukraine peace summit: Why some countries refused to sign the plan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/17/ukraine-peace-summit-why-some-countries-refused-to-sign-the-plan |work=Al Jazeera |date=17 June 2024}}</ref>

Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergei Lavrov]] thanked Chinese Foreign Minister [[Wang Yi (politician)|Wang Yi]] for China's decision not to attend the Ukraine peace summit.<ref name="swissinfo.ch"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=nb}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website}}

{{Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
{{peace}}
{{Volodymyr Zelenskyy}}

[[Category:2024 conferences]]
[[Category:2024 in international relations]]
[[Category:June 2024 events in Switzerland|Ukraine peace summit]]
[[Category:Diplomatic conferences in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Russo-Ukrainian War peace process]]
[[Category:Switzerland–Ukraine relations]]
[[Category:Volodymyr Zelenskyy]]
[[Category:Stansstad]]