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{{cleanup|reason=consolidate small sections|date=June 2020}}
'''Tao''' is the [[pinyin]] [[romanization of Chinese|romanization]] of the [[Chinese surname]] {{wikt-lang|zh|陶}} (''Táo''). It listed 31st in the [[Song Dynasty|Song]]-era ''[[Hundred Family Surnames]]'' poem.

Tao ({{wikt-lang|zh|陶}}) is not to be confused with the [[Vietnamese surname]] {{Lang|vi|Tào}}, derived from the Chinese surname [[Cao (Chinese surname)|Cao]] ({{Lang-vi-hantu|曹}}) or the [[Japanese surname]] {{Nihongo|2=田尾|3=Tao}}, notably the surname of ski jumper {{Nihongo|[[Katsushi Tao]]|田尾 克史||born 1963}} and baseball player {{Nihongo|[[Yasushi Tao]]|田尾 安志||born 1954}}.

==Origin==
Various Tao origins:
*[[Qi (surname)]] (祁)
*[[Public]] Officer of Zhou Dynasty
*[[Miao people]] 
*[[Tujia people]], [[Blang people]], [[Yao people]], [[Yi people]], [[Dai people]] of [[Minority Group]]
*[[Mongols|Mongolian]]
*Tuoheluo, Tuqin, Tuokuer family of [[Liaoning]]
*[[Xibe people]]

==Romanization==

* [[Wade-Giles]]: '''T'ao''', '''Tao''' (apostrophe is commonly omitted)
* [[Cantonese]]: '''To''', '''[[Tou (surname)|Tou]]''' and '''[[Tow (surname)|Tow]]'''
* [[Cantonese|Minnan]]: '''Tô'''
* [[Teochew Min|Teochew]]: '''Tau''', '''[[Tow (surname)|Tow]]'''
* [[Gan Chinese|Gan]]: '''[[Thau (surname)|Tháu]]'''

=== Other languages ===

* Vietnamese: '''[[Dao (surname)|Đào]]''' ({{Lang-vi-hantu|{{linktext|陶}}}})
* Korean: '''Do''' ({{Korean|hangul=도|hanja={{linktext|陶}}}})
* Japanese: {{Nihongo|'''Tō'''|{{linktext|陶}}}}

==Distribution==
Tao was the [[list of common Chinese surnames#People's Republic|82nd-most-common surname]] in mainland China, but it was unlisted among the [[list of common Chinese surnames#Republic|100 most common]] Taiwanese surnames.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

Tao is a fairly uncommon surname in the [[United States]], being ranked 12,503rd during the [[1990 US Census|1990 census]] and 10,033rd during the year [[2000 US census|2000 one]].<ref>[[US Census Bureau]]. Op. cit. [[Public Broadcasting Service]]. "[https://www.pbs.org/pov/thesweetestsound/popularityindex.php How Popular Is Your Last Name?]" Accessed 6 Apr 2012.</ref> Families of Tao ancestry distributed towards the European lands from previous wealthy families gaining reputations within European aristocracy particularly within the British and the Dutch. Few former aristocratic families of Tao ancestry now live quiet lives throughout Europe as well as many returning to Hong Kong, China or the America's within the late 20th century.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

==History==
Some [[Zhejiang]]ese Tao who joined the [[White Banner]]{{which|date=August 2018}} upon the advent of the [[Qing dynasty]] Manchufied their name to Tohoro ({{Zh|s=托活络|t=託濶羅|p=tuōhuóluò}}).<ref>{{cite book|year=2001|publisher=University of Washington Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgq1miGno-4C&pg=PA55|isbn=0-295-98040-0|page=55|title=Manchus & Han: ethnic relations and political power in late Qing and early republican China, 1861-1928|edition=reprint, illustrated|author=Edward J. M. Rhoads|access-date=March 2, 2012}}</ref> Notable descendants along this line include [[Duanfang]]. The Mandarin form of the surname 陶 meaning ‘ceramics’ in Chinese: (i) from the placename Tao (陶) said to be the original residence of the legendary [[Emperor Yao]] (''c.'' 24th century BC). (ii) from Tao Zheng (陶正) ‘ceramics officer’ post name of an official in charge of the making of ceramics during the Western Zhou dynasty (1046–771 BC). (iii) borne by the descendants of the Shang dynasty (1600–1046 BC). The Tao family was one of the seven clans of the Shang dynasty that were sent to the state of Wey after the annihilation of the Shang dynasty.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tao Name Meaning & Tao Family History at Ancestry.com® |url=https://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=tao |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=www.ancestry.com}}</ref>

==People with the surname==
;Dao
* Erica Dao, radiation scientist
;Tao
* [[David Tao]] or Tao Zhe, singer
* [[Tao Kan]], [[Jin Dynasty (265-420)|Jin Dynasty]] general and governor
* [[Tao Luna]], sports shooter
* [[Matilda Tao]], Taiwanese actress and singer
* [[Meixia Tao]], Chinese electrical engineer
* [[Michael Tao]], television actor
* [[Tao Qian (Han Dynasty)|Tao Qian]], warlord during the late [[Han Dynasty]]
* [[Tao Yuanming]], scholar and poet of the Jin dynasty
* [[Tao Siju]], politician
* [[Terence Tao]], Australian mathematician and 2006 [[Fields Medal]]ist
* [[Tao Zhu]], politician
* Tao Hongkai, Chinese-American scholar, activist.
* {{anbl|Zhong Tao}}
;Tohoro
* [[Duanfang]], a [[Qing dynasty|Qing]]-era politician

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{100 Most Common Family Names in Mainland China}}

{{surname}}

[[Category:Chinese-language surnames]]
[[Category:Japanese-language surnames]]
[[Category:Individual Chinese surnames]]

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