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{{Short description|Ticonderoga-class cruiser}}
{{Other ships|USS Vincennes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=USS Vincennes returns to San Diego Oct 1988.jpg
|Ship caption=USS ''Vincennes'' in [[San Diego]] on 24 October 1988
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag|2005}}
|Ship name=''Vincennes''
|Ship namesake=[[Battle of Vincennes]]
|Ship ordered=28 August 1981
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[Ingalls Shipbuilding]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship laid down=19 October 1982
|Ship launched=14 April 1984
|Ship sponsor=[[Marilyn Quayle]]
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=
|Ship acquired=3 June 1985
|Ship commissioned=6 July 1985
|Ship decommissioned=29 June 2005
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship struck=29 June 2005
|Ship homeport=
|Ship motto=''Freedom's Fortress''
|Ship identification=
*[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]: NVIN
*{{ICS|November}}{{ICS|Victor}}{{ICS|India}}{{ICS|November}}
*[[Hull number]]: CG-49
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=[[Ship breaking|Scrapped]], 2011
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=[[File:USS Vincennes CG-49 Crest.png|150px]]
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class={{Sclass|Ticonderoga|cruiser}}
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement={{Ticonderoga class cruiser displacement}}
|Ship length={{Ticonderoga class cruiser length}}
|Ship beam={{Ticonderoga class cruiser beam}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draft={{Ticonderoga class cruiser draft}}
|Ship depth=
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship decks=
|Ship propulsion={{Ticonderoga class cruiser propulsion}}
|Ship speed={{Ticonderoga class cruiser speed}}
|Ship boats=
|Ship complement={{Ticonderoga class cruiser complement}}
|Ship sensors={{Ticonderoga class cruiser sensors}}
|Ship armament={{Ticonderoga class cruiser armament mark 26}}
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft={{Ticonderoga class cruiser aircraft}}
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''USS ''Vincennes'' (CG-49)''' was a {{sclass|Ticonderoga|cruiser|0}} [[guided missile cruiser]] outfitted with the [[Aegis combat system]] that was in service with the [[United States Navy]] from July 1985 to June 2005. She was one of 27 ships of the ''Ticonderoga'' class constructed for the United States Navy and one of five equipped with the [[Mk 26 missile launcher|Mark 26 Guided Missile Launching System]].

''Vincennes'' was commissioned in 1985. She saw service in the Pacific before being dispatched to the Persian Gulf in 1988 in support of [[Operation Earnest Will]] during the [[Iran–Iraq War]], which was led by Saddam Hussein and backed by the U.S. On July 3, 1988, during the Iran–Iraq War, ''Vincennes'' shot down [[Iran Air Flight 655]], a civilian passenger plane with 290 people on board, all of whom were killed. The incident followed a catalog of errors.

''Vincennes'' was [[Ship decommissioning|decommissioned]] in 2005 after attempts to retrofit the cruiser with the [[Mark 41 Vertical Launching System]] (VLS) failed. She was initially laid up in a [[reserve fleet]] at the [[Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility]] at [[Naval Base Kitsap]] in [[Bremerton, Washington]]. In 2010 the vessel was towed to [[Texas]] for [[Ship breaking|scrapping]], which was completed in 2011.

==History==

===1980s===
''Vincennes'' was [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] on 14 April 1984 and sponsored by [[Marilyn Quayle]], wife of Indiana Senator [[Dan Quayle]]. ''Vincennes'' was named for the [[Battle of Vincennes]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]]; the previous ''Vincennes'' heavy cruiser and ''Vincennes'' light cruiser were named for the city of [[Vincennes, Indiana]]. The cruiser was [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] at [[Pascagoula, Mississippi|Pascagoula]] on 6 July 1985, with Captain George N. Gee in command. The ship normally carried guided missiles, rapid-fire cannons, and two [[SH-60 Sea Hawk|Seahawk]] [[Light airborne multi-purpose system|LAMPS]] helicopters for anti-submarine and anti-ship warfare, personnel transfers, and other purposes.

''Vincennes'' was the first of the ''Ticonderoga''-class cruisers to enter the [[U.S. Pacific Fleet|Pacific Fleet]]. Upon commissioning in 1985, ''Vincennes'' helped test the [[RIM-66 Standard|SM-2 Block II]] [[surface-to-air missile]]. In May 1986, ''Vincennes'' participated in the multinational exercise [[RIMPAC]] 86, coordinating the anti-aircraft warfare efforts of two [[aircraft carrier]]s and more than 40 ships from five nations. ''Vincennes'' was deployed in August 1986 to the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans. The ship served as anti-air warfare commander with the {{USS|Carl Vinson|CVN-70|2}} and {{USS|New Jersey|BB-62|2}} battle groups, operated with the [[Japan Self-Defense Forces|Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]] and the [[Royal Australian Navy]], and steamed more than {{convert|46000|nmi|lk=in}} in waters from the [[Bering Sea]] to the Indian Ocean.<ref name="USS Vincennes Checkmate Cruiser CG 49">{{cite web |url=//www.vincennes.navy.mil/history.html |title=USS Vincennes Checkmate Cruiser CG 49 |access-date=26 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050306222621/http://www.vincennes.navy.mil/history.html |archive-date=6 March 2005 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="USS Vincennes (CG 49)">{{cite web|url=http://www.navysite.de/cg/cg49.html|title=History of USS VINCENNES|access-date=26 December 2012}}</ref>

===Iran–Iraq War===
During the Iran–Iraq War, the United States [[Iran–Iraq War#The Tanker War and direct U.S. support for Iraq|took active measures in the Persian Gulf]] to protect shipping, mainly oil tankers, that were being threatened by both countries.

===Operation Earnest Will===
On 14 April 1988, the guided missile [[frigate]] {{USS|Samuel B. Roberts|FFG-58|2}} hit a mine in the Persian Gulf during [[Operation Earnest Will]]. Six days later, ''Vincennes'' was redeployed from Fleet Exercise 88–2, sent back to [[San Diego, California]], and told to prepare for a six-month deployment. The reason for the haste: Navy leaders decided that an Aegis ship was needed to protect the exit of the damaged ''Samuel B. Roberts'' through the [[Strait of Hormuz]]. One month later, the cruiser entered the Persian Gulf, and in early July, stood guard in the Strait as the damaged frigate was borne out on the heavy-lift ship ''[[Mighty Servant 2]]''. The ship made 14 Hormuz transits during its Earnest Will operations.

===Iran Air Flight 655===
{{main|Iran Air Flight 655}}
[[File:USS Vincennes launching SM-2MR in 1987.jpg|200px|thumb|''Vincennes'' (pictured 1987) launching SM-2MR surface-to-air missile]]
On 3 July 1988, ''Vincennes'', under the command of Captain [[William C. Rogers III|Will Rogers III]], was on patrol when it was reported that Iranian [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|Revolutionary Guard]] gunboats had attacked a Pakistani merchant vessel. ''Vincennes'' deployed one of her helicopters to investigate. Shortly thereafter, Rogers ordered his ship to move off station {{convert|50|mi}} to the north.<ref>Crist, pp. 364–5</ref> The destroyer flotilla commander ordered ''Vincennes'' to return to her original station. ''Vincennes''{{'}}s helicopter had followed the Revolutionary Guard gunboats into Iranian waters, and while maintaining contact with the boats, came under gunfire from the Iranians.<ref name=crist365>Crist, p. 365</ref>

The helicopter crew reported that they had come under fire. With that report, Rogers turned his ship around and, with the frigate {{USS|Elmer Montgomery|FF-1082|2}}, moved to intercept the gunboats. In doing so, ''Vincennes'' crossed into Iranian waters herself. As the U.S. ships approached, the Iranian gunboats maneuvered in what Rogers claimed was a threatening fashion. Rogers requested permission to fire. Command, not knowing that ''Vincennes'' had crossed into Iranian waters, granted permission.<ref name=crist365 /> ''Vincennes'' and ''Elmer Montgomery'' commenced fire upon the gunboats at 9:43&nbsp;a.m., scoring several hits on the gunboats, sinking two and damaging another.<ref name=crist366>Crist, p. 366</ref>

While ''Vincennes'' was firing on the Iranian gunboats, confusion reigned aboard the ship—the tracking of aircraft in the area had become muddled between ''Vincennes'' and other U.S. ships.<ref name=crist366/><ref name=crist367>Crist, p.367–368</ref> Crucially, ''Vincennes'' misidentified an [[Iran Air]] [[Airbus A300]] civilian airliner, Iran Air Flight 655 (IR655), as an attacking [[F-14 Tomcat]] fighter aircraft. IR655 was climbing at the time, and her IFF transponder was on the Mode III civilian code rather than on the purely military Mode II, as recorded by ''Vincennes''{{'}}s own shipboard Aegis Combat System.

After issuing multiple radio challenges and receiving no response from the aircraft, ''Vincennes''<nowiki/>'s crew commenced the process to engage it. The naval officer responsible for authorizing a missile launch, the watch's Anti-Air Warfare Coordinator (AAWC), pushed wrong buttons no fewer than five times in response to a system message to select a weapon. In the meantime, the officer in charge of firing missiles, the watch's Missile System Supervisor (MSS), pushed "REQUEST RADIATION ASSIGN" no fewer than 22 times, all without effect due to the AAWC not completing the appropriate process at his console. The AAWC finally selected the correct input at his console, allowing the MSS to again push "REQUEST RADIATION ASSIGN" and continue the process.<ref name="Fogarty">{{harvnb|Fogarty|1988}}</ref>

At 10:24&nbsp;a.m, ''Vincennes'' fired two [[RIM-66 Standard|SM-2MR]] surface-to-air missiles, shooting down the Iranian civilian airliner over Iranian airspace in the [[Strait of Hormuz]]. All 290 passengers and crew on board were killed. The victims included 66 children and a family of 16 who were on their way to a wedding in Dubai.

The U.S. media backed up the official line, with ''[[The New York Times]]'' apportioning blame to the pilot, Mohsen Rezaian, and Iran.{{Cn|date=July 2024}} The U.S. military then claimed that the ''Vincennes'' was rushing to defend a merchant vessel under attack from Iran when an aircraft outside the commercial air corridor was descending in "attack mode" towards the ship, which was false on all three counts.{{Cn|date=July 2024}} They also tried to claim the ship was in international waters, and naval officials even deleted an Iranian island from the map they showed to Congress.{{Cn|date=July 2024}} In reality, it was in Iranian waters, in clear violation of international law.{{Cn|date=July 2024}}

The Iranian government has maintained that ''Vincennes'' knowingly shot down the civilian aircraft.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEED91731F936A25754C0A96E948260|title=Iran Falls Short in Drive at U.N. To Condemn U.S. in Airbus Case|first=Fox |last=Butterfield |work=The New York Times|date=15 July 1988}}</ref> IR655 flew every day out of Bandar Abbas—a civil and military airport—on a scheduled passenger flight to Dubai using established air lanes. The Italian navy and another U.S. warship, the frigate {{USS|Sides|FFG-14|2}}, confirmed that the plane was climbing—not diving to attack—at the time of the missile strike. The U.S. radio warnings were only broadcast on "guard" (121.5&nbsp;MHz) and not air traffic control frequencies. The ''Vincennes'' crew also misidentified the altitude and position of the plane; the Airbus crew, if monitoring guard, could have interpreted the warnings as intended for another aircraft. Captain David Carlson of ''Sides'' later said that the airliner's destruction "marked the horrifying climax to Rogers' aggressiveness".<ref>Fisk, pp.320–328</ref>

===1990s===
In February 1990, ''Vincennes'' was deployed on a third six-month tour of the western Pacific and Indian oceans with [[SH-60 Seahawk|SH-60]] helicopters from HSL-45 Detachment 13. The ship coordinated all battle group air events and served as the command-and-control [[flagship]] during Harpoon-Ex-90. In July 1990, ''Vincennes'' returned home after steaming nearly {{convert|100000|nmi}}.<ref name="USS Vincennes Checkmate Cruiser CG 49"/><ref name="USS Vincennes (CG 49)"/>

In August 1991, ''Vincennes'' departed for a fourth western Pacific deployment. Steaming with the [[aircraft carrier]] {{USS|Independence|CV-62|2}}, ''Vincennes'' performed duties as the anti-air warfare commander for Battle Group Delta until detaching to participate as the United States representative in MERCUBEX 91, a joint United States and [[Republic of Singapore Navy]] exercise. Over the next three months, ''Vincennes'' participated in the bilateral exercise Valiant Blitz with the [[South Korean Navy]], the bilateral exercise Annualex 03G with the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force, and ASWEX 92-1K with the South Korean Navy before reaching [[Hong Kong]] to act as the U.S. representative for the Navy Days ceremonies. ''Vincennes'' returned from deployment on 21 December 1991.

In June 1994, ''Vincennes'' departed on a fifth western Pacific deployment with the {{USS|Kitty Hawk|CV-63|2}} [[aircraft carrier battle group|Battle Group]]. ''Vincennes'' performed duties as anti-air warfare commander for the battle group. During deployment, ''Vincennes'' conducted the anti-submarine exercise PASSEX 94–2 with the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force; the bilateral exercise MERCUB 94–2, a joint U.S. and Singaporean Navy exercise of the Malaysian peninsula; the bilateral exercise Keen Edge with the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force; and Tandem Thrust, a larger-scale joint exercise which ''Vincennes'' participated as the area air defense coordinator for the entire joint operating area. ''Vincennes'' returned from this deployment on 22 December 1994.

In August 1997, ''Vincennes'' changed homeport from San Diego to [[Yokosuka, Japan]] with SH-60B helicopters from HSL-49 Detachment 8G embarked. She then steamed to the South Pacific and took part in Exercise Valiant Usher 98–1 with the {{USS|Belleau Wood|LHA-3|2}} amphibious ready group and the Royal Australian Navy destroyer {{HMAS|Perth|D 38|6}}. The combined exercise took place near Townsend Island, Australia.

''Vincennes'' also took part in the [[U.S. Seventh Fleet]]'s Fleet Battle Experiment Delta (FBE-D) from 24 October 1998 to 2 November 1998, in conjunction with the exercise [[Foal Eagle]], a regularly scheduled exercise that simulates the military defense of [[South Korea]]. Sponsored by the [[Navy Warfare Development Command]], FBE-D was the fourth in a series of experiments that tested new combat systems and procedures at sea.

===2000s===
[[File:US Navy 050407-N-9851B-004 The Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser USS Vincennes (CG 49) is saluted by Commander, Carrier Strike Group Five (CSG-5).jpg|thumb|left|''Vincennes'' departs Yokosuka for the last time en route to San Diego for decommissioning]]
On 12 August 2000, ''Vincennes'' completed Sharem 134, a bilateral exercise with several Japanese ships and other U.S. participants. The exercise included a week of undersea warfare training and data collection in the [[South China Sea]]. The ship tested her [[submarine]] detection, sonar range testing, and use of sonobuoys, and she developed new submarine prosecution procedures. The final Sharem events included a "free play", which allowed the cruiser to detect and prosecute other submarines, combining many of the tactics and systems tested during Sharem.

In mid-November 2000, the cruiser fired missile batteries at remote-controlled aerial drones provided by Fleet Activities Okinawa during MISSILEX 01–1.

''Vincennes'' took part in a 23 August 2001 to 27 August 2001 military training exercise called Multi-Sail, which was designed to provide U.S. and Japanese forces interoperability training in multiple warfare areas.

''Vincennes'' departed from Yokosuka on 17 September 2001 to conduct operations in support of [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]. The ship returned on 18 December 2001 after more than three months at sea.

In March 2003, ''Vincennes'' was assigned to [[Destroyer Squadron 15]].<ref>http://www.hazegray.org/worldnav/usa/suface.htm{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}. Retrieved May 2012</ref>

==Decommissioning==
While there had been several proposals through the 1990s to retrofit the Mark 41 VLS into ''Vincennes'' and her four [[sister ship]]s to extend their service life, none were funded, and all five ships were instead decommissioned; ''Vincennes'' herself was decommissioned and later stricken on 29 June 2005 at San Diego, California. She was [[reserve fleet|mothballed]] at the [[Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility]] in Naval Base Kitsap, in Bremerton, Washington. In 2008, ''Vincennes'' was slated for scrapping within the next five years along with her sister ships {{USS|Thomas S. Gates|CG-51|2}} and {{USS|Yorktown|CG-48|2}}.

On 9 July 2010, a contract to scrap ''Vincennes'' was issued to International Shipbreaking, [[Brownsville, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navsea.navy.mil/teamships/Inactiveships/Ship_Disposal/scrappedships.aspx|author=navsea.navy.mil|publisher=navsea.navy.mil|title=Inactiveships – scrappedships|access-date=2012-02-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305185904/http://www.navsea.navy.mil/teamships/Inactiveships/Ship_Disposal/scrappedships.aspx|archive-date=5 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 21 November 2010, ''Vincennes'' arrived via the Panama Canal to International Shipbreaking in Brownsville, Texas, and she was completely scrapped by 23 November 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navsea.navy.mil/teamships/Inactiveships/Ship_Disposal/pdf/dismantling_listing_05dec2011.pdf|author=navsea.navy.mil|publisher=navsea.navy.mil|title=Navy Inactive Ships Program SHIP Disposal Program: Dismantling Listing|access-date=2012-02-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001064940/http://www.navsea.navy.mil/teamships/Inactiveships/Ship_Disposal/pdf/dismantling_listing_05dec2011.pdf|archive-date=1 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Awards and decorations==
''Vincennes'' has been awarded the [[Combat Action Ribbon]] (3 July 1988),<ref name="Awards Site">{{cite web |url= https://awards.navy.mil/awards/webbas01.nsf/(vwWebPage)/home.htm?OpenDocument |title= The official U.S. Navy awards site |website= US Navy |access-date= 2014-07-20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150515120005/https://awards.navy.mil/awards/webbas01.nsf/(vwWebPage)/home.htm?OpenDocument |archive-date= 15 May 2015 |url-status=dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref>
*[[Meritorious Unit Commendation|Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation]] (16 January{{spaced ndash}} 2 February 1987)
*[[Navy E Ribbon|Battle Efficiency "E"]] three times (1990, 1993, 2001)
*[[National Defense Service Medal]]
*''Vincennes'' also received a Meritorious Unit Commendation, along with the entire ''Kitty Hawk'' battle group, for 9 July 1994{{spaced ndash}} 9 December 1994.
*''Vincennes'' also received two [[Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal]]s for Persian Gulf service, 22 May 1988{{spaced ndash}} 21 August 1988 and 5 May 1990{{spaced ndash}} 1 June 1990.<ref name="Awards Site"/>

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Combat Action Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Battle Effectiveness Award ribbon, 3rd award.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=4|type=service-star|ribbon=Sea Service Deployment Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|}

==Image gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:USS Vincennes (CG-49) Aegis large screen displays.jpg|The [[Combat Information Center]] on board ''Vincennes'' in January 1988.
File:US Navy 050415-N-8157F-106 The guided-missile cruiser USS Vincennes (CG 49) heads toward the entrance of Pearl Harbor.jpg|''Vincennes'' pulls into port at [[Pearl Harbor, Hawaii]], on 15 April 2005. {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|6}} is visible in the background.
File:USS Vincennes CG-49 at commissioning.jpg|''Vincennes'' at commissioning on a rainy 6 July 1985, in Pascagoula, Mississippi.
File:USS Vincennes (CG-49) marker.jpg|A marker plaque sits in Patrick Henry Square, [[Vincennes, Indiana]], commemorating ''Vincennes'' on 25 February 2008.
File:CAPT Will C. Rogers III with CG-49 behind.jpg|Captain Will C. Rogers III, the then-commanding officer of USS ''Vincennes'' speaks during the welcome home ceremony held for the crew at [[San Diego, California]], on 24 October 1988. The ship returned from a six-month deployment to the Western Pacific, [[Indian Ocean]] and the Persian Gulf.
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

* {{wikicite|ref{{harvid|Fogarty|1988}}|ref={{harvid|Fogarty|1988}}|reference=Fogarty, William M., (1988) "''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Formal_Investigation_into_the_Circumstances_Surrounding_the_Downing_of_Iran_Air_Flight_655_on_3_July_1988/Formal_Report Investigation report: Formal investigation into the circumstances surrounding the downing of Iran Air Flight 655 on July 3, 1988]''", United States Department of Defense, ASIN: B00071EGY8}}

==Sources==
* {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/v/vincennes-iv.html}}
* {{Naval Vessel Register|{{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=CG49}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Crist |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Twilight War: The Secret History of America's Thirty-Year Conflict with Iran |publisher=Penguin Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-14-312367-5}}
* {{cite book |first=Robert |last=Fisk |title=The Great War For Civilisation |date=2005 |isbn=978-1-84115-008-6}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book
 |author    = Hennessy, M. Shawn
 |title     = Freedom's Fortress: Vincennes' History of Service to the United States
 |url       = http://www.ussvincennes.org/FreedomsFortress
 |location  = Seattle
 |publisher = MS Hennessy Publishing
 |year      = 2009
 |isbn      = 978-0-615-29191-8
}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}
* {{Cite book
|author=Rogers, Will and Sharon Rogers
|title=Storm Center: The USS Vincennes and Iran Air Flight 655 : A Personal Account of Tragedy and Terrorism
|location=Annapolis
|publisher=Naval Institute Press
|year=1992
|isbn=1-55750-727-9
|url-access=registration
|url=https://archive.org/details/stormcenterussvi0000roge}}
* {{Cite book
|author=Wise, Harold Lee
|title=Inside the Danger Zone: The U.S. Military in the Persian Gulf 1987–88
|url=http://www.insidethedangerzone.com
|location=Annapolis | publisher=Naval Institute Press
|year=2007
|isbn=978-1-59114-970-5}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=CG49|title=Naval Vessel Register CG-49}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050306222621/http://www.vincennes.navy.mil/history.html WebArchive.org – Archive of Official ship's history page from 2005]
* [http://www.navysite.de/cg/cg49.html Nayvsite.de – USS ''Vincennes'' page]
* {{navsource|04/1149/040149|USS Vincennes (CG-49)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055836/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/Reading_Room/International_Security_Affairs/172.pdf dod.mil – Investigation Report for the downing of Iran Air 655]

{{Ticonderoga class cruiser}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vincennes (Cg-49)}}
[[Category:Ticonderoga-class cruisers]]
[[Category:Ships built in Pascagoula, Mississippi]]
[[Category:1984 ships]]
[[Category:Cold War cruisers of the United States]]

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Return to USS Vincennes (CG-49).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Vincennes_(CG-49)"