2023 Nepal earthquake: Difference between revisions

2023 Nepal earthquake
2023 नेपालमा भूकम्प
UTC time	2023-11-03 18:02:54
ISC event	635879604
USGS-ANSS	ComCat
Local date	3 November 2023
Local time	23:47 NPT (UTC+5:45)
Magnitude	5.7 Mw
Depth	16.5 km (10.3 mi)
Epicenter	28°50′53″N 82°11′13″E / 28.848°N 82.187°E
Areas affected	Nepal, India
Total damage	Severe
Max. intensity	MMI VIII (Severe)
Aftershocks	109 (3 above magnitude 4.0, and another measuring Mw 5.3)
Casualties	153 dead, 375 injured

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit Next edit →

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Revision as of 14:17, 6 November 2023

A moment magnitude 5.7 earthquake struck Jajarkot District, Karnali Province, Nepal, at 23:47 NPT (18:02 UTC) on 3 November 2023,^[2] killing 153^[3] people and injuring at least 375.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] The earthquake was widely felt in western Nepal and northern India, and is the deadliest to strike the country since 2015.^[8]

Tectonic setting

Nepal lies in the Himalayas, where earthquake activity is associated with ongoing continental collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. These plates converge at a rate of 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in) per year. The Indian Plate is thrusted beneath the continental crust of the Eurasian Plate, forming thrust faults along the collision zone. The Main Frontal Thrust predominantly accommodates this motion. Earthquakes along these thrust faults have been devastating in historic times.^[9]

Based on a study published in 2014, of the Main Frontal Thrust, on average a magnitude 8 or larger earthquake occurs every 750 ± 140 and 870 ± 350 years in the east Nepal region.^[10] A study from 2015 found a 700-year delay between earthquakes in the region. The study also suggests that because of tectonic stress buildup, large earthquakes such as the 1934 and 2015 events in Nepal may be connected, following a historic earthquake pattern.^[11] A 2016 study on historical great (M ≥ 8) earthquake pairs and cycles found that associated great earthquakes are likely to occur in the West China region through the 2020s.^[12]

Earthquake

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said the earthquake had a magnitude of M_w 5.7 and a depth of 16.5 kilometres (10.3 mi). The fault plane solution was determined to be reverse faulting along a northwest–southeast trending plane dipping either northeast or southwest.^[6] More than 250 aftershocks were recorded following the mainshock, six of which were of magnitudes above 4.^[13] The epicenter was estimated to be in Ramidanda, in Jajarkot District.^[2] A magnitude 5.3 aftershock occurred on 6 November.^[14]

Impact

November 3 event

At least 153 people were killed; 101 deaths occurred in Jajarkot District while 52 deaths occurred in Western Rukum District.^[3] The deputy mayor of Nalgad Municipality in Jajarkot, Sarita Singh, was among the fatalities.^[15] At least 78 or nearly half of those who were killed were children.^[16] A total of 55 people died in the municipality.^[17] Another 375 people were injured.^[18] Despite the earthquake's relatively low magnitude, the high levels of damage and casualties were attributed to substandard construction in the region and because it occurred at night when people were asleep.^[19] Many of the collapsed houses were made of stacked logs and rocks.^[20]

Forty-two people, including five members of a single family were killed and 100 others were injured in Aathbiskot.^[21]^[22] More than 5,000 houses were damaged or destroyed in the municipality.^[23] Eight others died in Sani Bheri. At least 40 percent of houses near the epicenter were damaged.^[24] At the earthquake's epicenter in Barekot municipality, only five injuries were reported and no fatalities, while nearly all 3,500 houses in the municipality were damaged, 1,000 of them severely.^[17] Several homes were damaged or destroyed in Jajarkot District.^[25] Among municipalities severely affected were Bheri, where 42 people died, Kushe, where seven died, and Chedagad, where one person died.^[17]^[15] At least 13 people died in Chiuri, and the village's 40 houses were either destroyed or heavily damaged.^[26]

Injuries and damage were also reported in Dailekh, Salyan and Rolpa Districts.^[25] At least 100 people were injured in Western Rukum while many injuries were recorded in Jajarkot.^[27] The Jajarkot district hospital was described as being packed with injured patients.^[18] The earthquake was also felt by residents in Kathmandu.^[2]

Shaking was felt in the Indian cities of Lucknow, Patna^[28] and New Delhi, causing people to panic and flee buildings.^[29] In the cities of Bahraich and Jaipur, many houses and buildings were cracked, including two hotels.^[30]^[31]

November 6 event

At least three people were injured and many houses previously affected by the mainshock collapsed in Jajarkot District. Landslides also blocked roads near Rimna.^[32]^[33]^[34]

Response

Domestic

Narayan Prasad Bhattarai, the spokesperson for the Nepalese Home Ministry, said that security forces had been deployed to the area.^[28] Helicopters were also deployed to deliver humanitarian aid and staff, while soldiers were sent to clear roads blocked by landslides. At a hospital in Nepalgunj, more than 100 beds were allotted in standby for earthquake victims.^[35] A member of Western Rukum's police department said search and rescue teams had to remove landslide debris in order to reach the affected area.^[5]

President Ram Chandra Poudel expressed sadness over the loss of human lives and property in the earthquake and appealed to the government and others concerned for effective rescue and relief work in affected areas.^[36] Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal also expressed "his deep sorrow over the human and physical damage caused by the earthquake".^[28] On 4 November, he visited the area on a helicopter accompanied by a 16-member army medical team.^[37] A total of 41 medical workers were sent to the affected areas.^[38]

Officials also announced communications with villages of Jajarkot District could not be restored.^[39] Helicopters with medical teams and medicines were prepared to fly into the affected area when weather conditions improved.^[40] Light aircraft were also requested to be on standby in participating in emergency missions.^[19] The Nepalese Army later managed to deploy five helicopters and an aircraft. Nepal Airlines also helped in medical evacuations.^[38] The severely injured were transported via air to Kathmandu, Surkhet and Nepalgunj. People with minor injuries were treated at local medical centers and district hospitals.^[41]

The national government approved a Rs 100 million fund to support in search and rescue operations. The fund was divided into Rs 50 million allocated to West Rukum and Jajarkot districts.^[42] About 4,000 personnel from the Nepalese Army, Police and Armed Police Force participated in these missions.^[43] The government of Bagmati Province also pledged Rs 15 million to support the affected population in Jajarkot. The Nepali Congress party also pitched Rs 5 million in financial aid for the national government.^[42] Buddha Air granted Rs 1,000,000 for earthquake victims.^[44]

Search and rescue operations ended 36 hours after the earthquake, on 5 November. In Jajarkot District, an official said the emphasis was providing assistance to survivors.^[45] Nepal Telecom said voice, SMS and Wi-Fi services would be free for its customers in Rukum East, Rukum West and Jajarkot Districts for five days to facilitate information exchange.^[46]

International

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said he was deeply saddened by the loss of lives and damage from the earthquake in Nepal, adding that India stood in "solidarity with the people of Nepal and is ready to extend all possible assistance".^[35]

Pakistani Caretaker Prime Minister Anwar ul Haq Kakar sent thoughts and prayers to the earthquake victims and said his country is ready to send assistance to Nepal.^[47]

China's ambassador to Nepal, Chen Song, said the country would send tents and blankets from the China South Asian Countries Emergency Supplies Reserve and other relief materials worth Rs100 million to Nepal in the coming days.^[48]

Russian President Vladimir Putin sent a letter to President Poudel on 4 November expressing sorrow over the loss of lives and properties.^[49]

The head of the Iranian Red Crescent Society Pir Hossein Kolivand stated that they would send medical and aid teams to Nepal.^[50]

UNICEF announced it was working with partner organizations to assess the damage and the impact on children and families.^[51]

References

^ "जाजरकोटमा भूकम्पका १०९ धक्का" [109 earthquake shocks in Jajarkot]. Radio Nepal. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Scores killed by powerful earthquake in Nepal". The Guardian. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Earthquake death toll revised to 153". Republica. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^ "Earthquake News | Nepal Earthquake Today Live: Death toll rises to 128 as strong quake rocks northwestern Nepal, termors felt in Delhi". The Times of India. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b "At least 119 killed as magnitude 5.6 quake hits western Nepal". Al Jazeera. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b National Earthquake Information Center (3 November 2023). "M 5.7 – Nepal". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
^ "Earthquake in Western Nepal Kills More Than 130". The New York Times. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ "Scores dead after worst earthquake in Nepal since 2015". The Japan Times. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ Turner, Bethan; Jenkins, Jennifer; Turner, Rebecca; A.L., Parker; Alison, Sinclair; Sian, Davies; G.P., Hayes; Antonio, Villaseñor; R.L., Dart; A.C., Tarr; K.P., Furlong; H.M., Benz (2013). "Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010 Himalaya and Vicinity". Open-File Report 2010‒1083–J, Ver. 1.1. United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ L. Bollinger; S. N. Sapkota; P. Tapponnier; Y. Klinger; M. Rizza; J. Van der Woerd; D. R. Tiwari; R. Pandey; A. Bitri; S. Bes de Berc (2014). "Return period of great Himalayan earthquakes in Eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Main Frontal Thrust" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 119 (9): 7123–7163. Bibcode:2014JGRB..119.7123B. doi:10.1002/2014JB010970. hdl:10220/25516. S2CID 56236286. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ "Nepal quake 'followed historic pattern'". BBC. 27 April 2015. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ Men, Ke-Pei; Zhao, Kai (2016). "The 2015 Nepal M8.1 earthquake and the prediction for M ≥ 8 earthquakes in West China". Natural Hazards. 82 (3): 1767–77. doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2268-2. S2CID 130330089.
^ "Nepal earthquake: Thousands spend night outdoors in cold". BBC. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^ National Earthquake Information Center (6 November 2023). "M 5.3 - 37 km ENE of Dailekh, Nepal". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Scores dead as 6.4M earthquake jolts west Nepal". Kathmandu Post. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ "Almost half of deceased in quake were children". Nepal Live Today. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Miraculous survival at the epicentre". Kathmandu Post. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b Nathan Williams (4 November 2023). "Deadly earthquake strikes remote western Nepal". BBC. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b Sharma, Gopal (4 November 2023). "Rescuers struggle to find Nepal quake survivors as deaths reach 157". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ Binaj Gurubacharya (5 November 2023). "Nepal rushes aid and rescue operations after strong quake shakes its northwest, killing at least 157". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ "Twenty-two dead after Nepal struck by 6.4 quake". Devdiscourse. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
^ "जाजरकोट भूकम्प अपडेट : आठबीसकोटमा उद्धार कार्य सकियो, ४२ को मृत्यु, सय घाइते" [Jajarkot Earthquake Update: Eight twenty Kotma rescue operations completed, 42 dead, 100 injured] (in Nepali). Nepal Live. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
^ "रुकुम पश्चिमः जहाँ भग्नावशेषमा 'घरको अवशेष नै चिनिँदैन" [Rukum West: Where 'not even the remains of a house are recognizable' in the ruins] (in Nepali). BBC News, नेपाली. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ "Nepal – Earthquake (DG ECHO, DG ECHO partners, NDRRMA, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 04 November 2023)". ECHO. ReliefWeb. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b "24 dead in Nepal after 6.4 magnitude earthquake". India Today. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
^ "Tears of a child as Nepalis cremate quake dead". France 24. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^ "Earthquake in Western Nepal Kills More Than 130". The New York Times. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c "More than 60 dead in Nepal earthquake". France 24. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ "Breaking News: Extreme panic in Delhi as the night progresses, the ground shook violently, the magnitude of the earthquake is 6.4 on the Richter scale". Pipa News. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
^ Mishra, Jagat (4 November 2023). "Earthquake : 55 सेकंड तक हिली जमीन – मकानों में आई दरार, दहशत में घरों से बाहर भागे लोग" [Earthquake: Ground shook for 55 seconds – Cracks appeared in houses, people ran out of houses in panic]. Amritvichar. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ Richa, Kumari (4 November 2023). "राजस्थान समेत एनसीआर और दिल्ली में भूकंप के झटके, जयपुर में हिली धरती" [Earthquake tremors in NCR and Delhi including Rajasthan, earth shook in Jaipur]. Media Manthan. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ Sharma, Gopal (6 November 2023). "Nepal earthquake: More tremors occur three days after deadly quake". Reuters. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^ Pokharel, Gaurav; Aale, Chandrabahadur (6 November 2023). "जाजरकोटमा शक्तिशाली परकम्पले घरहरु भत्किए, केही व्यक्ति घाइते" [In Jajarkot, houses were destroyed by a powerful aftershock, some people were injured] (in Nepali). Khabar Online. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^ "५.८ म्याग्निच्युटको भुकम्पले जाजरकोटमा सडक अवरूद्ध, एक घाइते" [Magnitude 5.8 earthquake blocks road in Jajarkot, one injured] (in Nepali). Nepal Views. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b Binaj Gurubacharya (4 November 2023). "At least 69 dead as strong quake rocks northwestern Nepal, and officials say toll expected to rise". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ Rastriya Samachar Samiti (4 November 2023). "President's appeal for rescue and relief of earthquake survivors". The Himalayan Times. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ Gopal Sharma (4 November 2023). "Nepal earthquake kills at least 128, toll could rise, officials say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Death toll in Nepal earthquake rises to 143". The Kathmandu Post. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ "Nepal Quake Kills 128, Reduces Village to Rubble". Voice of America. Reuters. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ Chandra, Nitish (4 November 2023). Mallick, Ashesh (ed.). "Nepal earthquake LIVE: Prachanda meets affected people as death count crosses 150". India TV. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ "Death toll in Nepal earthquake hits 157, over 375 injured". The Kathmandu Post. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Government releases Rs100 million for search and rescue operations in Jajarkot, West Rukum". The Kathmandu Post. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ "Thousands of security personnel mobilised in search and rescue efforts". The Kathmandu Post. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ "भूकम्प प्रभावितलाई बुद्ध एयरको एक करोड सहयोग" [1 million aid from Buddha Air to earthquake victims] (in Nepali). Nepal Samaya. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ "Rescue efforts called off after Nepal quake". Channel News Asia. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ "भूकम्प प्रभावित क्षेत्रमा टेलिकमले ५ दिन निशुल्क सेवा उपलब्ध गराउने" [Telecom will provide free service for 5 days in earthquake affected areas] (in Nepali). Nepal Watch. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ "PM grieved over loss of lives, property in Nepal earthquake". Dunya News. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ "China announces providing relief materials worth Rs100 million to Nepal". Kathmandu Post. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ "Government in no rush to seek foreign help for quake relief". Kathmandu Post. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ "آمادگی هلال احمر ایران برای کمک به زلزله‌زدگان نپال" [Iran Red Crescent is ready to help Nepal earthquake victims]. ISNA. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ "Death toll in Nepal earthquake rises to 137". Anadolu Agency. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

External links

ReliefWeb's main page for this event.

[onlineradionepal-1] "जाजरकोटमा भूकम्पका १०९ धक्का" [109 earthquake shocks in Jajarkot]. Radio Nepal. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[guardian-2] "Scores killed by powerful earthquake in Nepal". The Guardian. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[republica-3] "Earthquake death toll revised to 153". Republica. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

[4] "Earthquake News | Nepal Earthquake Today Live: Death toll rises to 128 as strong quake rocks northwestern Nepal, termors felt in Delhi". The Times of India. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

[aj-5] "At least 119 killed as magnitude 5.6 quake hits western Nepal". Al Jazeera. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[USGS-6] National Earthquake Information Center (3 November 2023). "M 5.7 – Nepal". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.

[NYT-7] "Earthquake in Western Nepal Kills More Than 130". The New York Times. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[japantimes-8] "Scores dead after worst earthquake in Nepal since 2015". The Japan Times. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[Turner13-9] Turner, Bethan; Jenkins, Jennifer; Turner, Rebecca; A.L., Parker; Alison, Sinclair; Sian, Davies; G.P., Hayes; Antonio, Villaseñor; R.L., Dart; A.C., Tarr; K.P., Furlong; H.M., Benz (2013). "Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010 Himalaya and Vicinity". Open-File Report 2010‒1083–J, Ver. 1.1. United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[10] L. Bollinger; S. N. Sapkota; P. Tapponnier; Y. Klinger; M. Rizza; J. Van der Woerd; D. R. Tiwari; R. Pandey; A. Bitri; S. Bes de Berc (2014). "Return period of great Himalayan earthquakes in Eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Main Frontal Thrust" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 119 (9): 7123–7163. Bibcode:2014JGRB..119.7123B. doi:10.1002/2014JB010970. hdl:10220/25516. S2CID 56236286. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[11] "Nepal quake 'followed historic pattern'". BBC. 27 April 2015. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[West_China-12] Men, Ke-Pei; Zhao, Kai (2016). "The 2015 Nepal M8.1 earthquake and the prediction for M ≥ 8 earthquakes in West China". Natural Hazards. 82 (3): 1767–77. doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2268-2. S2CID 130330089.

[13] "Nepal earthquake: Thousands spend night outdoors in cold". BBC. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

[USGS2-14] National Earthquake Information Center (6 November 2023). "M 5.3 - 37 km ENE of Dailekh, Nepal". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

[kp1-15] "Scores dead as 6.4M earthquake jolts west Nepal". Kathmandu Post. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[nepallivetoday-16] "Almost half of deceased in quake were children". Nepal Live Today. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

[miracle-17] "Miraculous survival at the epicentre". Kathmandu Post. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

[BBC1-18] Nathan Williams (4 November 2023). "Deadly earthquake strikes remote western Nepal". BBC. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[Sharma1-19] Sharma, Gopal (4 November 2023). "Rescuers struggle to find Nepal quake survivors as deaths reach 157". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[20] Binaj Gurubacharya (5 November 2023). "Nepal rushes aid and rescue operations after strong quake shakes its northwest, killing at least 157". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

[DEVDISCOURSE-21] "Twenty-two dead after Nepal struck by 6.4 quake". Devdiscourse. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.

[nepallive-22] "जाजरकोट भूकम्प अपडेट : आठबीसकोटमा उद्धार कार्य सकियो, ४२ को मृत्यु, सय घाइते" [Jajarkot Earthquake Update: Eight twenty Kotma rescue operations completed, 42 dead, 100 injured] (in Nepali). Nepal Live. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.

[bbcnepal-23] "रुकुम पश्चिमः जहाँ भग्नावशेषमा 'घरको अवशेष नै चिनिँदैन" [Rukum West: Where 'not even the remains of a house are recognizable' in the ruins] (in Nepali). BBC News, नेपाली. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[24] "Nepal – Earthquake (DG ECHO, DG ECHO partners, NDRRMA, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 04 November 2023)". ECHO. ReliefWeb. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[INDIATODAY-25] "24 dead in Nepal after 6.4 magnitude earthquake". India Today. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.

[26] "Tears of a child as Nepalis cremate quake dead". France 24. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

[NYT1-27] "Earthquake in Western Nepal Kills More Than 130". The New York Times. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[f24-28] "More than 60 dead in Nepal earthquake". France 24. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[PIPA-29] "Breaking News: Extreme panic in Delhi as the night progresses, the ground shook violently, the magnitude of the earthquake is 6.4 on the Richter scale". Pipa News. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.

[amritvichar-30] Mishra, Jagat (4 November 2023). "Earthquake : 55 सेकंड तक हिली जमीन – मकानों में आई दरार, दहशत में घरों से बाहर भागे लोग" [Earthquake: Ground shook for 55 seconds – Cracks appeared in houses, people ran out of houses in panic]. Amritvichar. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[mediamanthan-31] Richa, Kumari (4 November 2023). "राजस्थान समेत एनसीआर और दिल्ली में भूकंप के झटके, जयपुर में हिली धरती" [Earthquake tremors in NCR and Delhi including Rajasthan, earth shook in Jaipur]. Media Manthan. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[32] Sharma, Gopal (6 November 2023). "Nepal earthquake: More tremors occur three days after deadly quake". Reuters. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

[33] Pokharel, Gaurav; Aale, Chandrabahadur (6 November 2023). "जाजरकोटमा शक्तिशाली परकम्पले घरहरु भत्किए, केही व्यक्ति घाइते" [In Jajarkot, houses were destroyed by a powerful aftershock, some people were injured] (in Nepali). Khabar Online. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

[34] "५.८ म्याग्निच्युटको भुकम्पले जाजरकोटमा सडक अवरूद्ध, एक घाइते" [Magnitude 5.8 earthquake blocks road in Jajarkot, one injured] (in Nepali). Nepal Views. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

[ap-35] Binaj Gurubacharya (4 November 2023). "At least 69 dead as strong quake rocks northwestern Nepal, and officials say toll expected to rise". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[36] Rastriya Samachar Samiti (4 November 2023). "President's appeal for rescue and relief of earthquake survivors". The Himalayan Times. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[37] Gopal Sharma (4 November 2023). "Nepal earthquake kills at least 128, toll could rise, officials say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[kp2-38] "Death toll in Nepal earthquake rises to 143". The Kathmandu Post. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[39] "Nepal Quake Kills 128, Reduces Village to Rubble". Voice of America. Reuters. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[40] Chandra, Nitish (4 November 2023). Mallick, Ashesh (ed.). "Nepal earthquake LIVE: Prachanda meets affected people as death count crosses 150". India TV. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[kathmandupost1-41] "Death toll in Nepal earthquake hits 157, over 375 injured". The Kathmandu Post. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[r100-42] "Government releases Rs100 million for search and rescue operations in Jajarkot, West Rukum". The Kathmandu Post. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[43] "Thousands of security personnel mobilised in search and rescue efforts". The Kathmandu Post. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

[44] "भूकम्प प्रभावितलाई बुद्ध एयरको एक करोड सहयोग" [1 million aid from Buddha Air to earthquake victims] (in Nepali). Nepal Samaya. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[45] "Rescue efforts called off after Nepal quake". Channel News Asia. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

[46] "भूकम्प प्रभावित क्षेत्रमा टेलिकमले ५ दिन निशुल्क सेवा उपलब्ध गराउने" [Telecom will provide free service for 5 days in earthquake affected areas] (in Nepali). Nepal Watch. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

[47] "PM grieved over loss of lives, property in Nepal earthquake". Dunya News. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[48] "China announces providing relief materials worth Rs100 million to Nepal". Kathmandu Post. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[49] "Government in no rush to seek foreign help for quake relief". Kathmandu Post. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

[50] "آمادگی هلال احمر ایران برای کمک به زلزله‌زدگان نپال" [Iran Red Crescent is ready to help Nepal earthquake victims]. ISNA. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

[51] "Death toll in Nepal earthquake rises to 137". Anadolu Agency. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.

[1]

@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 ==Impact==
+===November 3 event===
 At least 153 people were killed; 101 deaths occurred in Jajarkot District while 52 deaths occurred in [[Western Rukum District]].<ref name="republica">{{cite news |title=Earthquake death toll revised to 153 |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/earthquake-death-toll-revised-to-153/ |access-date=6 November 2023 |work=Republica |date=6 November 2023  }}</ref> The deputy mayor of [[Nalgad]] Municipality in Jajarkot, Sarita Singh, was among the fatalities.<ref name="kp1">{{cite news |title=Scores dead as 6.4M earthquake jolts west Nepal |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/scores-reported-dead-as-6-4m-earthquake-jolts-jajarkot |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=Kathmandu Post |date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104093901/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/scores-reported-dead-as-6-4m-earthquake-jolts-jajarkot |url-status=live }}</ref> At least 78 or nearly half of those who were killed were children.<ref name="nepallivetoday">{{cite news |title=Almost half of deceased in quake were children|url=https://www.nepallivetoday.com/2023/11/06/almost-half-of-deceased-in-quake-were-children/ |access-date=6 November 2023 |work=Nepal Live Today |date=6 November 2023 }}</ref> A total of 55 people died in the municipality.<ref name="miracle"/> Another 375 people were injured.<ref name="BBC1" /> Despite the earthquake's relatively low magnitude, the high levels of damage and casualties were attributed to substandard construction in the region and because it occurred at night when people were asleep.<ref name="Sharma1" /> Many of the collapsed houses were made of stacked logs and rocks.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Binaj Gurubacharya |title=Nepal rushes aid and rescue operations after strong quake shakes its northwest, killing at least 157 |url=https://apnews.com/article/nepal-india-earthquake-katmandu-new-delhi-e3fbed76b72419339d3c0edd9ad44ee2 |date=5 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2023 |work=[[Associated Press]] |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104154554/https://apnews.com/article/nepal-india-earthquake-katmandu-new-delhi-e3fbed76b72419339d3c0edd9ad44ee2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
@@ Line 64: / Line 65: @@
 Shaking was felt in the Indian cities of [[Lucknow]], [[Patna]]<ref name="f24">{{Cite news|title=More than 60 dead in Nepal earthquake|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231104-more-than-60-dead-in-nepal-earthquake|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|work=France 24|archive-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104023440/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231104-more-than-60-dead-in-nepal-earthquake|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[New Delhi]], causing people to panic and flee buildings.<ref name="PIPA">{{Cite news|title=Breaking News: Extreme panic in Delhi as the night progresses, the ground shook violently, the magnitude of the earthquake is 6.4 on the Richter scale|url=https://pipanews.com/breaking-news-extreme-panic-in-delhi-as-the-night-progresses-the-ground-shook-violently-the-magnitude-of-the-earthquake-is-6-4-on-the-richter-scale-pipa-news/|date=3 November 2023|access-date=3 November 2023|agency=Pipa News|archive-date=3 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103234708/https://pipanews.com/breaking-news-extreme-panic-in-delhi-as-the-night-progresses-the-ground-shook-violently-the-magnitude-of-the-earthquake-is-6-4-on-the-richter-scale-pipa-news/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the cities of [[Bahraich]] and [[Jaipur]], many houses and buildings were cracked, including two hotels.<ref name="amritvichar">{{Cite news|trans-title=Earthquake: Ground shook for 55 seconds – Cracks appeared in houses, people ran out of houses in panic|title=Earthquake : 55 सेकंड तक हिली जमीन – मकानों में आई दरार, दहशत में घरों से बाहर भागे लोग|url=https://www.amritvichar.com/article/415793/earthquake-the-ground-shook-for-55-seconds-there-was|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|work=Amritvichar|first=Jagat|last=Mishra|archive-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104094919/https://www.amritvichar.com/article/415793/earthquake-the-ground-shook-for-55-seconds-there-was|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="mediamanthan">{{Cite news|trans-title=Earthquake tremors in NCR and Delhi including Rajasthan, earth shook in Jaipur|title=राजस्थान समेत एनसीआर और दिल्ली में भूकंप के झटके, जयपुर में हिली धरती|url=https://www.mediamanthan.com/earthquake-tremors-in-ncr-and-delhi-including-rajasthan-earth-shook-in-jaipur|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|work=Media Manthan|first=Kumari|last=Richa|archive-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104094915/https://www.mediamanthan.com/earthquake-tremors-in-ncr-and-delhi-including-rajasthan-earth-shook-in-jaipur|url-status=live}}</ref>
+===November 6 event===
+At least three people were injured and many houses previously affected by the mainshock collapsed in [[Jajarkot District]]. Landslides also blocked roads near [[Rimna, Jajarkot|Rimna]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: More tremors occur three days after deadly quake|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/magnitude-52-earthquake-strikes-nepal-region-emsc-2023-11-06/|date=6 November 2023|access-date=6 November 2023|work=Reuters |first1=Gopal |last1=Sharma}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|trans-title=In Jajarkot, houses were destroyed by a powerful aftershock, some people were injured|title=जाजरकोटमा शक्तिशाली परकम्पले घरहरु भत्किए, केही व्यक्ति घाइते|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2023/11/1389635|date=6 November 2023|access-date=6 November 2023|agency=Khabar Online |language=ne |first1=Gaurav |last1=Pokharel |first2=Chandrabahadur |last2=Aale}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|trans-title=Magnitude 5.8 earthquake blocks road in Jajarkot, one injured|title=५.८ म्याग्निच्युटको भुकम्पले जाजरकोटमा सडक अवरूद्ध, एक घाइते|url=https://www.nepalviews.com/2023/11/06/214935/|date=6 November 2023|access-date=6 November 2023|agency=Nepal Views |language=ne}}</ref>
 ==Response==

v t e ← Earthquakes in 2023 →
January	West Azerbaijan (5.9, Jan 28)
February	Turkey–Syria & Hatay, Turkey (7.8, 6.7, 7.5 & 6.3, Feb 6 & Feb 20) † ‡
March	Guayas, Ecuador (6.8, Mar 18) Badakhshan, Afghanistan (6.5, Mar 21)
April	Papua New Guinea (7.0, Apr 2)
May	Ishikawa, Japan (6.2, May 5) Melbourne, Australia (4.0, May 28)
August	Cundinamarca, Colombia (6.3, Aug 17)
September	Al Haouz, Morocco (6.8, Sep 8) †
October	Herat, Afghanistan (6.3, 6.3, 6.3 & 6.3, Oct 7, Oct 11 & Oct 15) †
November	Nepal (5.7, Nov 3) † Iceland (5.3, Nov 10) Mindanao (6.7, Nov 17)
December	Mindanao (7.6, Dec 2) Jishishan (5.9, Dec 18) †
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths ‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year Dates for all earthquakes are in UTC

v t e Earthquakes in India
Historical	1505 Lo Mustang 1555 Kashmir 1803 Garhwal 1819 Rann of Kutch 1833 Kathmandu–Bihar 1869 Cachar 1881 Nicobar Islands 1885 Kashmir 1897 Assam
20th century	1905 Kangra 1930 Dhubri 1934 Nepal–India 1935 Quetta 1941 Andaman Islands 1947 Assam 1950 Assam–Tibet 1956 Anjar 1967 Koynanagar 1975 Kinnaur 1980 Pithoragarh 1984 Cachar 1988 Myanmar–India 1988 Nepal 1991 Uttarkashi 1993 Latur 1997 Jabalpur 1997 Chittagong 1999 Chamoli
21st century	2001 Gujarat 2004 Indian Ocean 2005 Kashmir 2009 Andaman Islands 2011 Sikkim April 2015 Nepal May 2015 Nepal October 2015 Hindu Kush 2016 Imphal 2016 Sagaing 2016 Magway 2017 Tripura 2017 Uttarakhand 2021 Assam 2022 Nepal 2023 Badakhshan 2023 Nepal
Related topics	Earthquake zones of India Geology of the Himalaya