Draft:Model S: Difference between revisions

{{for|a complete overview of all GS models|Lexus GS}}

{{Use British English|date=January 2024}}

| name = Lexus GS

| model_code = S190<ref name="z792">{{cite web | title=2013 Lexus GS 350 | website=[[Motor Trend]] | date=6 February 2012 | url=https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/sstp-1202-2013-lexus-gs-350/ | mode=cs2 | access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>

| image = Lexus GS 450h (III) – Frontansicht, 15. Mai 2011, Wuppertal.jpg

| alt = Front three-quarters view of a black sedan

| production = January 2005 – December 2011

| designer = Yasuhide Hosoda, Isoroku Yamada, and [[Sotiris Kovos]] (2003)

| class = [[Executive car|Executive]]

| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]]

| layout = [[Front-engine, front-wheel drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel drive]]<br />[[Front-engine, four-wheel drive layout|Front-engine, all-wheel drive]]

| platform = [[Toyota N platform|Toyota N]]

| related = [[Lexus IS (XE20)]]<br />[[Lexus LS (XF40)]]

| engine = 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR|3GR-FSE]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]] ([[petrol engine|petrol]])<br />3.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR|2GR-FSE]]'' V6 (petrol/hybrid)<br />4.3&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UZ engine#3UZ-FE|3UZ-FE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] (petrol)<br />4.6&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UR engine#1UR-FE|1UR-FE]]'' V8 (petrol)

| transmission = 6-speed automatic<br />8-speed automatic<br />[[continuously variable transmission|CVT]]

| wheelbase = {{convert|2850|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus GS prototypes hint at sportier new character|magazine=[[Autoweek]]|first=Mark|last=Vaughn|volume=61|issue=6|mode=cs2|page=13|date=8 August 2011}}</ref>

| length = {{convert|4826|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus GS falls short of Infiniti M|first=James R.|last=Healey|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=25 March 2012|page=D.12|mode=cs2}}</ref>

| width = {{convert|1821|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus talks during test drive, and the news isn't good|newspaper=[[The Morning Call]]|date=8 July 2005|page=E1|mode=cs2|first=Larry|last=Printz}}</ref>

| height = {{convert|1425|-|1435|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Third-generation GS sports new styling and all-wheel drive|newspaper=[[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, Illinois)|Daily Herald]]|date=14 July 2005|first=Dave|last=Boe|page=2|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Adrenal gland shock therapy|newspaper=[[Kelowna Capital News]]|date=18 November 2005|page=C9|mode=cs2}}</ref>

| predecessor = [[Lexus GS#S160|Lexus GS (S160)]]

| successor = [[Lexus GS#L10|Lexus GS (L10)]]

| weight =

The '''Lexus GS (S190)''' is an [[executive car]]. It is a four-door [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]] that is the third generation of the [[Lexus GS]]—a series of vehicles produced between 1993 and 2020. The S190 model itself was produced between 2005 and 2011 by [[Lexus]]—the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker [[Toyota]].

The development of the GS began in 2000 under the chief engineer Shigetoshi Miyoshi and took forty months. Styling of the exterior and the interior started under Yasuhide Hosoda. A [[concept car]] called the LF-S debuted at the [[Tokyo Motor Show#2003|Tokyo Motor Show]] in October 2003. Its design patent was filed in December 2003, preceding a public unveiling of a pre-production model at the [[North American International Auto Show#2004|North American International Auto Show]] in January 2004, the production version of which was unveiled at the same show in the subsequent year. Official manufacture began at [[Toyota Motor Corporation Tahara plant|the facility]] in [[Tahara, Aichi]], in January 2005.

Suceeding the [[Lexus GS (S160)|S160]] model, the S190 offered numerous engine options, comprising a 3.0-litre [[V6 engine|V6]], 4.3-litre [[V8 engine|V8]], 4.6-litre V8, and a 3.5-litre V6 petrol-[[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]]. Three [[transmission (mechanics)|transmission]] options were available: a six- and eight-speed [[automatic transmission|automatic]] for the petrol models, whilst the hybrid model included a [[continuously variable transmission]]. The GS has received numerous awards, including the [[iF Product Design Award]] from the [[International Forum Design]] in 2007. Manufacture of the S190 ended in December 2011, and Lexus replaced it with the [[Lexus GS (L10)|L10]] in 2012.

== Development ==

The development of the fourth generation GS began in 2000 under chief engineer Shigetoshi Miyoshi. He explained that the project was guided by three core design principles: simplicity, contrast and dynamism. The development process took forty months, longer than usual, as the GS was intended to hold a prominent position within the [[List of Lexus vehicles|Lexus lineup]].<ref>{{cite news|title=New Lexus look a sharp turn|date=8 April 2005|page=37|last=Fedoruk|first=Keith|newspaper=[[North Shore News]]|mode=cs2}}</ref> Both the exterior and interior styling were led by the designer Yasuhide Hosoda around the time the [[L-finesse]] design philosophy came to fruition in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206185007/http://archive.cardesignnews.com/autoshows/2004/detroit/highlights/index4.html#car24|url=http://archive.cardesignnews.com/autoshows/2004/detroit/highlights/index4.html#car24|archive-date=6 December 2006|website=[[Car Design News]]|mode=cs2|title=Detroit Auto Show|url-status=dead|access-date=17 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="i296">{{cite web | last=Rettie | first=John | title=Lexus LF-Gh concept | website=[[Road &amp; Track]] | mode=cs2 | date=6 April 2011 | url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-shows/news/a2165/2011-new-york-auto-show-preview-lexus-lf-gh-concept-21185/ | access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref> In October 2003 a [[concept car]] called the [[Lexus_LF#LF-S|LF-S]]—an [[acronym]] for Lexus Future Sedan<ref>{{cite news|title=Wacky one-offs belie main game|newspaper=[[The Australian]]|date=30 October 2003|page=15|first=Philip|last=King|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sizing up the Tokyo show|newspaper=[[Automotive News]]|last1=Treece|first1=James B|last2=Yamaguchi|first2=Yuzo|volume=78|issue=6063|pages=20–21|mode=cs2}}</ref>—debuted at the [[Tokyo Motor Show#2003|Tokyo Motor Show]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Box-car brigade|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=24 October 2003|page=6|mode=cs2|first1=Joshua|last1=Dowling|first2=Peter|last2=Lyon}}</ref><ref name="m989">{{cite web | author-link=Dan Neil (journalist)|last=Neil | first=Dan | title=A feast form the East | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | mode=cs2 | url-access=subscription | date=29 October 2003 | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-oct-29-hy-tokyo29-story.html | access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref> The GS' design patent was filed on 22 December 2003 by Hosoda, Isoroku Yamada, and [[Sotiris Kovos]],<ref name="z007">{{cite web | title=Motor vehicle and/or toy replica thereof | via=[[Google Patents]] | publisher=[[Toyota Motor Corporation]] | mode=cs2 | date=18 February 2004 | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USD501645S1/en?q=(~patent%2fUSD497841S1) | access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref> preceding a public unveiling of a pre-production model at the [[North American International Auto Show#2004|North American International Auto Show]] in January 2004,<ref>{{cite news|title=Just down the road|newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|date=17 October 2004|page=N29|mode=cs2}}</ref> the production version of which was unveiled at the same show in the subsequent year.<ref>{{cite news|title=Toyota keeps on rolling in North America|newspaper=[[National Post]]|date=13 January 2005|mode=cs2|page=FP8}}</ref> Official manufacture of the S190 began at the [[Toyota Motor Corporation Tahara plant|the facility]] in [[Tahara, Aichi]], in January 2005.<ref name="k447">{{cite web | last=Clifford | first=Joe | title=History of the Lexus GS | publisher=[[Lexus]] | date=6 September 2019 | url=https://mag.lexus.co.uk/history-lexus-gs/ | mode=cs2 | access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref>

== Design ==

=== Exterior and interior ===

[[File:Lexus GS 450h (III) – Heckansicht, 15. Mai 2011, Wuppertal.jpg|thumb|alt=Rear three-quarters view of a black sedan|Rear view]]

The GS is a four-door [[fastback]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Nuts & bolts: 2006 Lexus GS 430|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|date=21 August 2005|mode=cs2|page=G01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=2009 Lexus GS 350 AWD: Grand tourer a potent pleaser|newspaper=[[Alaska Highway News]]|first=Brian|last=Harper|date=5 June 2009|page=B.1|mode=cs2}}</ref> that is classified as an [[executive car]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus GS 430|newspaper=[[Evening Chronicle]]|date=9 January 2004|page=31|mode=cs2|last=Scantlebury|first=John}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus GS 450h|newspaper=[[Irish Times]]|first=Michael|last=McAleer|date=30 August 2006|page=8}}</ref> It is based upon the [[Toyota N platform|N platform]].<ref name="r891">{{cite web | last=MacKenzie | first=Angus | title=Toyota FT-HS Concept | website=[[Motor Trend]] | mode=cs2 | date=25 December 2006 | url=https://www.motortrend.com/vehicle-genres/toyota-fths/ | access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus: Hard (top) choices|newspaper=[[Automotive News]]|volume=80|issue=6216|page=31|mode=cs2}}</ref> The third-generation GS was the first Lexus model to use the brand's new L-finesse design philosophy.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus GS|newspaper=[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]|date=19 November 2005|page=J4|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Road test: Lexus GS300|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=19 April 2005|page=2|mode=cs2}}</ref> It retained the quad headlamp design from the second-generation model.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus forges its own path|newspaper=[[The Age]]|date=22 January 2004|page=5|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus GS 300 makes those long road trips more pleasurable|newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]|date=15 April 2000|mode=cs2|first=Bob|last=Kehoe|page=DT02}}</ref> Its elongated [[hood (car)|bonnet]], sleek [[windshield|windscreen]], and curvaceous silhouette contribute to a [[automobile drag coefficient|drag coefficient]] figure of {{cd|0.27}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus rolls out luxury line-up|newspaper=[[Waikato Times]]|date=13 May 2005|page=18|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref name="RTR">{{cite magazine|title=2006 Lexus GS series road test review|magazine=[[Road & Travel Magazine|Road & Travel]]|first=Bob|last=Plunkett|date=1 November 2005|mode=cs2|page=15}}</ref> The design features include a prominent front valance with a large air inlet and integrated [[fog lamp]]s, side rocker extensions, a short rear end with a tall rear valance, and dual stainless steel-tipped [[Exhaust system|exhaust pipes]].<ref name="RTR"/>

The GS interior offered options such as ash leather with black [[Bird's-eye maple]] wood trim, cashmere leather with brown Bird's-eye maple trim, or black leather with walnut trim.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus powers up hybrid sports car|date=15 April 2006|newspaper=[[Hartford Courant]]|first=Duncan|last=Haimerl|page=M1|mode=cs2}}</ref> Standard features included water-repellent front door glass, side mirrors with puddle lamps, an auto-dimming rearview mirror, ten-way power and heated front seats, a power tilt/telescoping steering wheel, and a power-operated trunk closer.{{refn|<ref>{{cite news|title=Touches of class|newspaper=[[Ottawa Citizen]]|date=9 July 2010|mode=cs2|page=D.1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Reinventing the wheel / The latest car technology|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=13 July 2006|page=D.6|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Japanese luxury car showdown|mode=cs2|newspaper=[[The Vancouver Sun]]|date=3 June 2005|page=E1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus makes a statement|newspaper=[[The Windsor Star]]|date=16 November 2006|mode=cs2|page=E1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The grass is always greener|newspaper=[[North Shore News]]|date=13 October 2006|mode=cs2|page=43}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=GS 350 aging quite nicely Lexus sedan's handsome design holding its own after four years|newspaper=[[Florida Times Union]]|date=16 May 2009|page=F.1|mode=cs2}}</ref>}} The GS sedans included Lexus' [[SmartAccess]] keyless system, which introduced a standard [[push-button]] start feature.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus GS 300 AWD rides in sublime comfort|last=Harper|first=Brian|newspaper=[[Edmonton Journal]]|date=24 February 2006|page=I12|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus puts some L-Finesse into its premium products|newspaper=[[The Brampton Guardian]]|first=Jim|last=Robinson|date=4 March 2005|page=1|mode=cs2}}</ref> It has a driver-side hidden drop-down panel for less frequently used controls and a standard seven-inch [[touchscreen]] display in the [[center console (automobile)|centre console]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The GS offers a cornucopia of standard features|newspaper=[[Mississauga News]]|first=Jim|last=Robinson|date=16 March 2005|page=1|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=A Lexus fit for a king|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=30 March 2006|mode=cs2|page=G.11|first=Petrina|last=Gentile Zucco}}</ref> Optional features included a power moonroof, ventilated front seats with perforated leather, a power rear sunshade, rain-sensing wipers, a 5.1 surround sound system with 14 speakers and 330-watt [[Mark Levinson Audio Systems|Mark Levinson]] audio, [[Sirius XM|XM]] satellite radio, and a DVD-based navigation system with a [[backup camera]] and [[Bluetooth]] technology.{{refn|<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus puts performance first in its luxury hybrid GS 450h|newspaper=[[Mississauga News]]|date=11 May 2006|page=1|first=Jim|last=Robinson|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Third-generation GS sports new styling and all-wheel drive|newspaper=[[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, Illinois)|Daily Herald]]|date=14 July 2005|page=2|mode=cs2|first=Dave|last=Boe}}</ref><Ref>{{cite news|title=2006 Lexus GS gets top-quality stereo|newspaper=[[Philadelphia Tribune]]|date=6 February 2005|page=7C|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sumo showdown|newspaper=[[Ottawa Citizen]]|date=27 May 2005|page=C1|first1=Robert|last1=Bostelaar|first2=Derek|last2=McNaughton|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mid-luxury elegance with security of all-wheel drive|newspaper=[[Edmonton Journal]]|date=27 April 2007|first=Paul|last=Byrne|mode=cs2|page=I1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=2006 Lexus GS gets top-quality stereo|newspaper=[[Philadelphia Tribune]]|date=6 February 2005|page=7C|mode=cs2}}</ref>}}

=== Safety systems ===

[[File:Lexus GS 450h powertrain interior cutaway.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Cutaway of a four-door mid-size sedan|Cutaway of the Lexus GS 450h]]

The third-generation Lexus GS came equipped with dual front [[airbag]]s, front driver and passenger knee airbags, front and rear side curtain airbags, and front row side torso airbags as standard features, with rear row side torso airbags available as an option.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus GS 430 sedan offers adrenal gland shock therapy|newspaper=[[Kelowna Capital News]]|date=12 August 2005|page=C11|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref name="e222">{{cite web | title=2020 Lexus GS review, pricing, and specs | website=[[Car and Driver]] | url=https://www.caranddriver.com/lexus/gs/specs/2010/lexus_gs_lexus-gs450h_2010 | mode=cs2 | access-date=22 September 2024}}</ref> An [[Adaptive Front-lighting System]] was standard on the V8 model while optional on the V6 model.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus delivers sporty without spice in GS 350|newspaper=[[The Ottawa Citizen]]|date=2 March 2007|page=C3|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref name="w589">{{cite web | title=2020 Lexus GS Review, Pricing, and Specs | website=[[Car and Driver]] | url=https://www.caranddriver.com/lexus/gs/specs/2007/lexus_gs_lexus-gs430_2007 | access-date=22 September 2024}}</ref> An optional radar-based [[Pre-Collision System]] with [[Dynamic Radar Cruise Control]] could apply up to 0.3[[force of gravity|g]] of deceleration if the driver failed to respond to crash warnings.<ref name="e056">{{cite web | title=GS 450h rides on new wheels and receives exterior and technology enhancements for 2010 | publisher=[[Lexus]] | date=6 October 2009 | url=https://pressroom.lexus.com/gs-450h-rides-on-new-wheels-and-receives-exterior-and-technology-enhancements-for-2010/ | access-date=22 September 2024|mode=cs2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lexus powers up hybrid sports car|newspaper=[[Hartford Courant]]|date=15 April 2006|mode=cs2|page=M1}}</ref> Standard features across all models included [[anti-lock brakes]], [[electronic brakeforce distribution]], [[brake assist]], and [[Vehicle Stability Control]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nuts & bolts: 2007 Lexus GS 450h|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=18 June 2006|mode=cs2|page=G.1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Car now hitting top standards|newspaper=[[Evening Chronicle]]|mode=cs2|date=15 April 2005|page=26}}</ref> The GS 430, 460 and 450h incorporate [[Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management]] and [[Variable Gear Ratio Steering]].<ref>{{cite news|title=2007 Lexus GS 450h: Sporty car for the greenies|newspaper=[[Star-Phoenix]]|date=18 May 2007|page=E15|mode=cs2|first=David|last=Booth}}</ref><ref name="i176">{{cite web | last=Moore | first=Alina | title=2008 Lexus GS460 | mode=cs2 | website=Top Speed | date=7 September 2007 | url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/lexus/2008-lexus-gs460/ | access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="o576">{{cite web | title=Infiniti's M45 sedan matches wits with the electronic brain of the Lexus GS 430 | website=[[Autoweek]] | mode=cs2 | date=14 August 2005 | url=https://www.autoweek.com/news/a2080596/2006-lexus-gs-430-vs-2006-infiniti-m45-sport-luxo-grudge-match-infinitis-m45-sedan/ | access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref> It became standardised in the GS 350 in 2008.<ref name="q826">{{cite web | title=2020 Lexus GS review, pricing, and specs | website=[[Car and Driver]] | mode=cs2 | date=13 May 2019 | url=https://www.caranddriver.com/lexus/gs/specs/2008/lexus_gs_lexus-gs460_2008 | access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref>

In [[Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] tests the GS received a "Good" overall rating in both frontal and side impact tests, achieving "Good" in 13 of the 14 measured categories.<ref name="e447">{{cite web | title=IIHS-HLDI: Lexus GS | publisher=[[Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] | date=27 September 2006 | url=http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=618 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060602074436/http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=618 | archive-date=2 June 2006 | url-status=dead | access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="w992">{{cite web | title=IIHS-HLDI: Lexus GS | publisher=[[Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] | date=27 September 2006 | url=http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=241 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060602074654/http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=241 | archive-date=2 June 2006 | url-status=dead | access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref> In 2005, the [[European New Car Assessment Programme]] awarded the GS the maximum five stars for Adult Occupant protection, four stars for Child Occupant protection, and two out of four stars for Pedestrian safety.<ref name="e021">{{cite web | title=Official Lexus GS 2005 safety rating | year=2005 | mode=cs2 | publisher=[[Euro NCAP]] | url=https://www.euroncap.com/en/ratings-rewards/latest-safety-ratings/en/results/lexus/gs/15670 | access-date=27 September 2024}}</ref>

== Models ==

=== GRS191 / UZS190 (2005) ===

In September 2005, the GS 350 (GRS191) and GS 430 (UZS190) were launched for sale in Japan.

== References ==

{{reflist}}