Gibberula: Difference between revisions

Gibberula
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Subkingdom:	Eumetazoa
Superphylum:	Protostomia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Orthogastropoda
Superorder:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Sorbeoconcha
Suborder:	Hypsogastropoda
Infraorder:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Muricoidea
Family:	Cystiscidae
Subfamily:	Persiculinae
Genus:	Gibberula; Swainson, 1840
Species
	See text.
Synonyms
	Granula Jousseaume, 1875; Kogomea Habe, 1951; Dentiginella Laseron, 1957; Epiginella Laseron, 1957; Lataginella Laseron, 1957; Phyloginella Laseron, 1957; Vetaginella Laseron, 1957; Diluculum Barnard, 1962

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Revision as of 09:11, 22 January 2008

Gibberula is a genus of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk. This genus is sometimes placed in the family Cystiscidae and sometimes left in the family Marginellidae, the margin shells or marginellids.

(Note: Gastropod taxonomy has been in flux for many years. This is especially true currently, because of new research in molecular phylogeny. Because of all this ongoing change, different reliable sources can yield very different classifications, especially within certain poorly understood groups.)

The type species of the genus Gibberula Swainson, 1840 is G. zonata Swainson.

Other genus-group names are available for small shells resembling Gibberula. These include Granula Jousseaume, 1875 and Kogomea Habe, 1951. They are distinguished from Gibberula only on the basis of smaller size and other rather tenuous conchological differentiations.

Shell description

The shell of this genus is 1.5 to 10 mm in length, ovoid, stout, with a small, low spire. The outer lip is thickened but without an external varix. It is usually denticulated inside. The columella has several plaits on a thickened rim, decreasing in size towards the posterior end. The siphonal canal is distinctly notched.

Animal

Head and foot

The head is deeply divided in two. There are two short cephalic tentacles and two small anterior lobes. The eyes are a short distance behinde the tentacles. The mouth is provided with an extensible proboscis. The foot is only slightly longer than the shell when extended. In some species, the sole lies flat on the substrate when the animal is crawling. Others have the edge of the propodium raised, developed as parapodia which fit the head/tentacles in the manner of many tectibranchs.
Color pattern of the head and foot is a useful taxonomic character in all the species.

Mantle

The mantle does not extend over the shell during normal activity. A tongue shaped, translucent lobe may be seen on the left side in some instances. The internal mantle is usually visible through the shell. It may be brightly coloured in the smaller species with a featureless, translucent shell, and its pattern is then continued into the spire over the visceral mass. The siphon is short and unconspicuous, often bordered by a small pad.

Reproduction

All species of marginellids have a direct development without a planktonic phase.

Species

Gibberula abyssicola Monterosato in Locard, 1897
Gibberula achenea Roth & Coan, 1971
Gibberula aequatorialis Thiele, 1925
Gibberula agapeta Watson, 1886
Gibberula albotriangularis Rolan & Fernandes, 1997
Gibberula aldridgei Usticke, 1969
Gibberula almadiensis Pin & Boyer, 1994
Gibberula almo Bartsch, 1915
Gibberula atlantidea Knudsen, 1956
Gibberula aurata Bavay, 1913
Gibberula asellina Jousseaume, 1875
Gibberula bengelensis Jousseaume, 1875
Gibberula bribri Espinosa y Ortea, 2000
Gibberula bulbosa Reeve, 1865
Gibberula burnupi Sowerby III, 1897
Gibberula caelata (Monterosato, 1897)
Gibberula caribetica Espinosa and Ortea, 2002
Gibberula cherubini (Bavay, 1912)
Gibberula chudeaui Bavay, 1910
Gibberula columnella Bavay, 1913
Gibberula compressa Laseron, 1957
Gibberula confusa Gofas, 1988
Gibberula cristata Gofas, 1988
Gibberula crustata (Locard, 1897)
Gibberula cucullata Gofas & Fernandes, 1987
Gibberula decorfasciata Rolan & Fernandes, 1997
Gibberula dens Reeve, 1865
Gibberula diadema Pin & Boyer, 1994
Gibberula differens E. A. Smith, 1904
Gibberula diplostreptus May, 1916
Gibberula dulcis E.A. Smith, 1904
Gibberula encaustica Reeve, 1865
Gibberula epigrus Reeve, 1865
Gibberula evadne Dall & Simpson, 1901
Gibberula falsijaponica (Habe, 1961)
Gibberula ficula Murdoch & Suter, 1906
Gibberula gabryae Bozzetti, 1993
Gibberula gruveli Bavay, 1913
Gibberula hardingae Dell, 1956
Gibberula hernandezi Contreras & Talavera, 1988
Gibberula infundibulum Bozzetti, 1994
Gibberula inopinata Barnard, 1962
Gibberula insularum Roth & Coan, 1971
Gibberula jansseni Arsten Menkhorst & G., 1984
Gibberula jeanae Lussi & Smith, 1998
Gibberula lavalleana d'Orbigny, 1842
Gibberula lazaroi Contreras, 1992
Gibberula lifouana Crosse, 1871
Gibberula lorenziana Bozzetti, 1997
Gibberula louisae Bavay, 1913
Gibberula lucia Jousseaume, 1877
Gibberula mazagonica Mellvill, 1892
Gibberula mendacis Gofas, 1988
Gibberula miliaria (Linné, 1758)
Gibberula mimetica Gofas, 1989
Gibberula minor Adams, 1852
Gibberula modica Gofas & Fernandes, 1987
Gibberula novemprovincialis (Yokoyama, 1928)
Gibberula oryza Lamarck, 1822
Gibberula ovata Habe, 1951
Gibberula pacifica Pease, 1868
Gibberula pallata Bavay, 1913
Gibberula pascuana Rehder, 1980
Gibberula philippi (Monterosato, 1878)
Gibberula polita Carpenter, 1857
Gibberula punctilum Gofas & Fernandes, 1987
Gibberula quadrifasciata (Marrat, 1873)
Gibberula rauli Fernandes, 1988
Gibberula recondita Monterosato, 1884
Gibberula ros Reeve, 1865
Gibberula rufanensis Turton, 1932
Gibberula sansibarica Thiele, 1925
Gibberula savignyi Issel, 1869
Gibberula scalarispira Bozzetti, 1997
Gibberula sebastiani Bozzetti, 1997
Gibberula secreta Monterosato, 1889
Gibberula striata Laseron, 1957
Gibberula sueziensis Issel, 1869
Gibberula subbulbosa Tate, 1878
Gibberula subtrigona Carpenter, 1865
Gibberula tantula Gofas, 1989
Gibberula tenera Menke, 1830
Gibberula terverianella Bavay, 1922
Gibberula turgidula Locard & Caziot, 1900
Gibberula vignali (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
Gibberula zonata Swainson, 1840 T

References

Coovert, Gary A. and Holly K. Coovert 1995 - Revision of the Supraspecific Classification of Marginelliform Gastrapods. The Nautilus 109(2 & 3):43-110
Espinosa y Ortea

1999. Descripción de nuevas marginelas (Mollusca: Neogastropoda: Marginellidae) de Cuba y del Caribe de Costa Rica y Panamá. Avicennia 10/11:165-176.

2000. Descripción de un género y once especies nuevas de Cystiscidae y Marginellidae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) del Caribe de Costa Rica. Aviccenia 12/13:95-114.

2002. Nuevas especies de margineliformes de Cuba, Bahamas y el Mar Caribe de Costa Rica. Avicennia 15:101-128.

Gofas, Serge

1987. Le Genre Gibberula (Marginellidae) en Mediterranee. Atti del II Congresso Societa Italiana di Malacologia. No. 23, 113-119

1989. The Marginellidae of Angola: The genus Gibberula. Journal of Conchology Vol. 33 (1989), No. 3, 109-139

Locard 1897. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Tomo I
Lussi, M. & Smith, G. 1999. Cystiscidae in South Africa. Part 1 Genus Gibberula, Persicula & Canalispira. (Aug. 1999)
Mienis, H. K. 1976. Type specimens of Mollusca in the collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Type specimens of recent Marginellidae. Basteria, Vol. 40, No. 1
Murillo, Luis 1998. Taxones publicados en Iberus (1981-1997). Iberus
Okutani, Takashi 2000. 2000 - Marine Mollusks in Japan
Rolan & Ryall 1999. Checklist of the Angolan marine molluscs. Reseñas Malacológicas X (June 1999)
Roth & Clover, Phillip 1973. A review of the Marginellidae described by Bavay, 1903-1922. The Veliger Vol. 16; No. 2: 207-215
Turton, W. H. 1932. The Marine Shells of Port Alfred, S. Africa. Oxford University Press

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Taxobox
 | color = pink
 | name = Gibberula
 | image = Gibberula.jpg
 | regnum = [[Animalia]]
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 | subfamilia = [[Persiculinae]]
 | genus = ''[[Gibberula]]''
 | genus_authority = Swainson, 1840
 | subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
 | subdivision = See text.
+| synonyms = ''Granula'' <small>Jousseaume, 1875</small><br>''Kogomea'' <small>Habe, 1951</small><br>''Dentiginella'' <small>Laseron, 1957</small><br>''Epiginella'' <small>Laseron, 1957</small><br>''Lataginella'' <small>Laseron, 1957</small><br>''Phyloginella'' <small>Laseron, 1957</small><br>''Vetaginella'' <small>Laseron, 1957</small><br>''Diluculum'' <small>Barnard, 1962</small>
 }}
@@ Line 27: / Line 28: @@
 (Note: Gastropod [[taxonomy]] has been in flux for many years. This is especially true currently, because of new research in [[molecular]] [[phylogeny]]. Because of all this ongoing change, different reliable sources can yield very different classifications, especially within certain poorly understood groups.)
 The [[type species]] of the genus ''Gibberula'' Swainson, 1840 is ''G. zonata'' Swainson.
 Other genus-group names are available for small shells resembling ''Gibberula''. These include ''Granula'' Jousseaume, 1875 and ''Kogomea'' Habe, 1951. They are distinguished from ''Gibberula'' only on the basis of smaller size and other rather tenuous conchological differentiations.
 == Shell description ==
-The shell of this genus is 1.5 to 10 mm in length, ovoid, stout, with a small, low spire. The outer lip is thickened but without an external varix. It is usually denticulated inside. The columella has several plaits on a thickened rim, decreasing in size towards the posterior end. The siphonal canal is distinctly notched.<br><br>
+The shell of this genus is 1.5 to 10 mm in length, ovoid, stout, with a small, low spire. The outer lip is thickened but without an external varix. It is usually denticulated inside. The columella has several  on a thickened rim, decreasing in size towards the posterior end. The siphonal canal is distinctly notched.
 == Animal ==
 === Head and foot===
-Head deeply divided in two. There are two short cephalic tentacles and two small anterior lobes. The eyes are a short distance behinde the tentacles. The mouth is provided with an extensible proboscis.<br>
+ deeply divided in two. There are two short cephalic tentacles and two small anterior lobes. The eyes are a short distance behinde the tentacles. The mouth is provided with an extensible proboscis.
-Foot is only slightly longer than the shell when extend. In some species, the sole lies flat on the substrate when the animal is crawling. Others have the edge of the propodium raised, developed as parapodia which fit the head/tentacles in the manner of many tectibranchs.<br>
+ is only slightly longer than the shell when . In some species, the sole lies flat on the substrate when the animal is crawling. Others have the edge of the propodium raised, developed as parapodia which fit the head/tentacles in the manner of many tectibranchs.<br>
 Color pattern of head and foot is a useful taxonomic character in all the species.
 === Mantle ===
-Does not extend over the shell during normal activity. A tongue shaped, translucent lobe may be seen on the left side in some instances.<br>
+ not extend over the shell during normal activity. A tongue shaped, translucent lobe may be seen on the left side in some instances.
-The internal mantle is usually visible through the shell. It may be brightly coloured in the smaller species with a featureless, translucent shell, and its pattern is then contibued into the spire over the visceral mass.<br>
+The internal mantle is usually visible through the shell. It may be brightly coloured in the smaller species with a featureless, translucent shell, and its pattern is then  into the spire over the visceral mass.
 The siphon is short and unconspicuous, often bordered by a small pad.
-=== Reproduction ===
-All species of marginellids have a direct development without planktonic phase.
-== Genus synonymity ==
+==  ==
+All species of marginellids have a direct development without  phase.
-* ''Granula'' Jousseaume, 1875
-* ''Kogomea'' Habe, 1951
-* ± ''Dentiginella'' Laseron, 1957
-* ''Epiginella'' Laseron, 1957
-* ± ''Lataginella'' Laseron, 1957
-* ''Phyloginella'' Laseron, 1957
-* ± ''Vetaginella'' Laseron, 1957
-* ''Diluculum'' Barnard, 1962
 == Species ==
 * ''Gibberula abyssicola'' Monterosato in Locard, 1897
 * ''Gibberula achenea'' Roth & Coan, 1971
 * ''Gibberula aequatorialis'' Thiele, 1925
 * ''Gibberula agapeta'' Watson, 1886
 * ''Gibberula albotriangularis'' Rolan & Fernandes, 1997
 * ''Gibberula aldridgei'' Usticke, 1969
 * ''Gibberula almadiensis'' Pin & Boyer, 1994
 * ''Gibberula almo'' Bartsch, 1915
 * ''Gibberula atlantidea'' Knudsen, 1956
 * ''Gibberula aurata'' Bavay, 1913
 * ''Gibberula asellina'' Jousseaume, 1875
 * ''Gibberula bengelensis'' Jousseaume, 1875
 * ''Gibberula bribri'' Espinosa y Ortea, 2000
 * ''Gibberula bulbosa'' Reeve, 1865
 * ''Gibberula burnupi'' Sowerby III, 1897
 * ''Gibberula caelata'' (Monterosato, 1897)
 * ''Gibberula caribetica'' Espinosa and Ortea, 2002
 * ''Gibberula cherubini'' (Bavay, 1912)
 * ''Gibberula chudeaui'' Bavay, 1910
 * ''Gibberula columnella'' Bavay, 1913
 * ''Gibberula compressa'' Laseron, 1957
 * ''Gibberula confusa'' Gofas, 1988
 * ''Gibberula cristata'' Gofas, 1988
 * ''Gibberula crustata'' (Locard, 1897)
 * ''Gibberula cucullata'' Gofas & Fernandes, 1987
 * ''Gibberula decorfasciata'' Rolan & Fernandes, 1997
 * ''Gibberula dens'' Reeve, 1865
 * ''Gibberula diadema'' Pin & Boyer, 1994
 * ''Gibberula differens'' E. A. Smith, 1904
 * ''Gibberula diplostreptus'' May, 1916
 * ''Gibberula dulcis'' E.A. Smith, 1904
 * ''Gibberula encaustica'' Reeve, 1865
 * ''Gibberula epigrus'' Reeve, 1865
 * ''Gibberula evadne'' Dall & Simpson, 1901
 * ''Gibberula falsijaponica'' (Habe, 1961)
 * ''Gibberula ficula'' Murdoch & Suter, 1906
 * ''Gibberula gabryae'' Bozzetti, 1993
 * ''Gibberula gruveli'' Bavay, 1913
 * ''Gibberula hardingae'' Dell, 1956
 * ''Gibberula hernandezi'' Contreras & Talavera, 1988
 * ''Gibberula infundibulum'' Bozzetti, 1994
 * ''Gibberula inopinata'' Barnard, 1962
 * ''Gibberula insularum'' Roth & Coan, 1971
 * ''Gibberula jansseni'' Arsten Menkhorst & G., 1984
 * ''Gibberula jeanae'' Lussi & Smith, 1998
 * ''Gibberula lavalleana'' d'Orbigny, 1842
 * ''Gibberula lazaroi'' Contreras, 1992
 * ''Gibberula lifouana'' Crosse, 1871
 * ''Gibberula lorenziana'' Bozzetti, 1997
 * ''Gibberula louisae'' Bavay, 1913
 * ''Gibberula lucia'' Jousseaume, 1877
 * ''Gibberula mazagonica'' Mellvill, 1892
 * ''Gibberula mendacis'' Gofas, 1988
 * ''Gibberula miliaria'' (Linné, 1758)
 * ''Gibberula mimetica'' Gofas, 1989
 * ''Gibberula minor'' Adams, 1852
 * ''Gibberula modica'' Gofas & Fernandes, 1987
 * ''Gibberula novemprovincialis'' (Yokoyama, 1928)
 * ''Gibberula oryza'' Lamarck, 1822
 * ''Gibberula ovata'' Habe, 1951
 * ''Gibberula pacifica'' Pease, 1868
 * ''Gibberula pallata'' Bavay, 1913
 * ''Gibberula pascuana'' Rehder, 1980
 * ''Gibberula philippi'' (Monterosato, 1878)
 * ''Gibberula polita'' Carpenter, 1857
 * ''Gibberula punctilum'' Gofas & Fernandes, 1987
 * ''Gibberula quadrifasciata'' (Marrat, 1873)
 * ''Gibberula rauli'' Fernandes, 1988
 * ''Gibberula recondita'' Monterosato, 1884
 * ''Gibberula ros'' Reeve, 1865
 * ''Gibberula rufanensis'' Turton, 1932
 * ''Gibberula sansibarica'' Thiele, 1925
 * ''Gibberula savignyi'' Issel, 1869
 * ''Gibberula scalarispira'' Bozzetti, 1997
 * ''Gibberula sebastiani'' Bozzetti, 1997
 * ''Gibberula secreta'' Monterosato, 1889
 * ''Gibberula striata'' Laseron, 1957
 * ''Gibberula sueziensis'' Issel, 1869
 * ''Gibberula subbulbosa'' Tate, 1878
 * ''Gibberula subtrigona'' Carpenter, 1865
 * ''Gibberula tantula'' Gofas, 1989
 * ''Gibberula tenera'' Menke, 1830
 * ''Gibberula terverianella'' Bavay, 1922
 * ''Gibberula turgidula'' Locard & Caziot, 1900
 * ''Gibberula vignali'' (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
 * ''Gibberula zonata'' Swainson, 1840 '''T'''
 == References ==
 * {{aut|Coovert, Gary A. and Holly K. Coovert}} 1995 - Revision of the Supraspecific Classification of Marginelliform Gastrapods. The Nautilus 109(2 & 3):43-110
 * {{aut|Espinosa y Ortea}}
 :: 1999. Descripción de nuevas marginelas (Mollusca: Neogastropoda: Marginellidae) de Cuba y del Caribe de Costa Rica y Panamá. Avicennia 10/11:165-176.
 :: 2000. Descripción de un género y once especies nuevas de Cystiscidae y Marginellidae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) del Caribe de Costa Rica. Aviccenia 12/13:95-114.
 :: 2002. Nuevas especies de margineliformes de Cuba, Bahamas y el Mar Caribe de Costa Rica. Avicennia 15:101-128.
 * {{aut|Gofas, Serge}}
 :: 1987. Le Genre Gibberula (Marginellidae) en Mediterranee. Atti del II Congresso Societa Italiana di Malacologia. No. 23, 113-119
 :: 1989. The Marginellidae of Angola: The genus Gibberula. Journal of Conchology Vol. 33 (1989), No. 3, 109-139
 * {{aut|Locard 1897}}. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Tomo I
 * {{aut|Lussi, M. & Smith, G.}} 1999. Cystiscidae in South Africa. Part 1 Genus Gibberula, Persicula & Canalispira. (Aug. 1999)
 * {{aut|Mienis, H. K.}} 1976.Type specimens of Mollusca in the collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Type specimens of recent Marginellidae. Basteria, Vol. 40, No. 1
 * {{aut|Murillo, Luis}} 1998. Taxones publicados en Iberus (1981-1997). Iberus
 * {{aut|Okutani, Takashi}} 2000. 2000 - Marine Mollusks in Japan
 * {{aut|Rolan & Ryall 1999}}. Checklist of the Angolan marine molluscs. Reseñas Malacológicas X (June 1999)
 * {{aut|Roth & Clover, Phillip}} 1973. A review of the Marginellidae described by Bavay, 1903-1922. The Veliger Vol. 16; No. 2: 207-215
 * {{aut|Turton, W. H.}} 1932. The Marine Shells of Port Alfred, S. Africa. Oxford University Press
 [[Category:Cystiscidae]]