Al Imran
| آل عِمْرَان ʾĀl ʿImrān The Family of Imran | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Medinan |
| Position | Juzʼ 3–4 |
| No. of verses | 200 |
| No. of Rukus | 20 |
| No. of words | 3503 |
| No. of letters | 14605 |
| Quran |
|---|
Al Imran (Arabic: آل عِمْرَان ʾĀl ʿImrān, "The Family of Imran")[1][2] is the third chapter (sūrah) of the Quran with two hundred verses (āyāt).
Context
Imran in Islam is regarded as the father of Mary (mother of Jesus). This chapter is named after the family of Imran, which includes Imran, Saint Anne, Mary, and Jesus. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the supposed revelation (Asbāb al-nuzūl), the chapter is believed to have been either the second or third of the Medinan surahs, as it references both the events of Badr and the Uhud. Almost all of it also belongs to the third year of the Hijra, though a minority of its verses might have been revealed during the visit of the Najrān Christian deputation and the Mubahala, which occurred around the 10th year of the Hijrah.[3] This chapter primarily focuses on the departure of prophethood from the Mosaic dispensation.
Exegesis
Verse 3:33
The chapter takes its name from the family of Imran mentioned in verse 3:33.[4]
According to Christian tradition, Joachim is the husband of Saint Anne and the father of Mary, the mother of Jesus.
According to Iraqi scholar and translator, N.J. Dawood, the Quran confuses Mary mother of Jesus with Mary the sister of Moses, by referring to Mary, the mother of Jesus' father as Imran, which is the Arabic version of Amram, who in Exodus 6:20, is shown to be the father of Moses.[5] Dawood, in a note to Surah 19:28, where Mary the Mother of Jesus is referred to as the "Sister of Aaron", and Aaron was the brother of Mary sister of Moses, states: "It Appears that Miriam, Aaron's sister, and Maryam (Mary), mother of Jesus, were according to the Koran, one and the same person."[6] Although Islamic studies of the beginning of the 20th century tended to note genealogical discrepancies, in more recent Islamic Studies of the 21st century the general consensus is, according to Angelika Neuwirth, Nicolai Sinai & Michael Marx, that the Quran does not make a genealogical error but instead makes use of Typology.[7] This is, following Wensincks conclusion, supported by the figurative speech of the Quran and the Islamic tradition:
Maryam is called a sister of Hārūn and the use of these three names ‘Imrān, Hārūn and Maryam, has lead to the supposition that the Kur'ān does not clearly distinguished between the two Maryams, of the Old and the New Testaments. ... It is not necessary to assume that these kinship links are to be interpreted in modern terms. The words "sister" and "daughter", like their male counterparts, in Arabic usage can indicate extended kinship, descendance or spiritual affinity. ... Muslim tradition is clear that there are eighteen centuries between the Biblical ‘Amram and the father of Maryam.[8][9]
Similarly, Stowasser concludes that "to confuse Mary the mother of Jesus with Mary the sister of Moses and Aaron in Torah is completely wrong and in contradiction to the sound Hadith and the Qur'anic text as we have established".[10][11]
Verse 3:56
3:56 As to those who reject faith, I will punish them with terrible agony in this world and in the Hereafter, nor will they have anyone to help.Translation Yusuf Ali (Orig. 1938)[12]
The commentary from the Tafsir of Ibn Kathir:
This is what Allah did to the Jews who disbelieved in `Isa and the Christians who went to the extreme over him. Allah tormented them in this life; they were killed, captured, and lost their wealth and kingdoms. Their torment in the Hereafter is even worse and more severe.[13]
Verse 3:64
3:64 Say: "O People of the Book! come to common terms as between us and you: That we worship none but God; that we associate no partners with him; that we erect not, from among ourselves, Lords and patrons other than God." If then they turn back, say ye: "Bear witness that we (at least) are Muslims (bowing to God's Will). Translation Yusuf Ali (Orig. 1938)[14]
The commentary by Ozma Nasir Makarim Shirazi says, "We totally submit to Allah but you do not."[15]: 3:64 Ibn Kathir says this means, "we worship neither a statue, cross, idol, Taghut (false gods), fire or anything else. Rather, we worship Allah Alone without partners".[1]: 3:64
Verse 3:85
3:85 If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to God), never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter He will be in the ranks of those who have lost (All spiritual good). Translation Yusuf Ali (Orig. 1938)[16]
From Tafsir al-Jalalayn, "The following was revealed regarding those who apostatized and became disbelievers Whoever desires a religion other than Islam it shall not be accepted from him and in the Hereafter he shall be among the losers because he will end up in the Fire made everlasting for him".[17]
Verse 3:90
3:90 But those who reject Faith after they accepted it, and then go on adding to their defiance of Faith, – never will their repentance be accepted; for they are those who have (of set purpose) gone astray. Translation Yusuf Ali (Orig. 1938)[18]
Ibn Kathir says, "Allah threatens and warns those who revert to disbelief after they believed and who thereafter insist on disbelief until death. He states that in this case, no repentance shall be accepted from them upon their death".[13]: 3:90
Verse 3:157
3:157 If you should die or be slain in the Cause of Allah [Jihad], His forgiveness and His mercy would surely be better than all the riches they amass.[19]: 3:157
This verse implies forgiveness can be achieved through becoming a Shahid and that the concept of reward is heavily emphasized.[20]
References
- ^ a b Ibn Kathir. "Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Surah Ale Imran". Quran 4 U. Tafsir. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
- ^ P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs, eds. (2012). "Āl ʿImrān". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_0553.(subscription required)
- ^ Maududi, Abdul Alaa. Tafhim-ul-Quran.
- ^ M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (2005). The Qur'an. Oxford University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-19-157407-8 – via Oxford Islamic Studies Online.
- ^ Dawood, N J (1956). The Koran. London: Penguin Books. p. 53. ISBN 9780141393841.
- ^ Dawood, N J (1956). The Koran. London: Penguin Books. p. 306. ISBN 9780141393841.
- ^ Michael Marx: Glimpses of a Mariology in the Qur'an; in: A. Neuwirth, Nicolai Sinai, Michael Marx (Hrsg.): The Qur'ān in Context. Historical and Literary Investigations into the Qur'ānic Milieu. Leiden 2011. pp. 533–563. pp. 533–563.
{{cite book}}: no-break space character in|title=at position 14 (help) - ^ Arent Jan Wensinck: Maryam. In: A. J. Wensinck, J. H. Kramers (Hrsg.): Handwörterbuch des Islam. pp. 421–423.
{{cite book}}: no-break space character in|title=at position 20 (help) - ^ J. Wensinck (Penelope Johnstone), "Maryam" in C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs & Ch. Pellat (Eds.), The Encyclopaedia Of Islam (New Edition), 1991, Volume VI, p. 630.
{{cite book}}: no-break space character in|title=at position 114 (help) - ^ Stowasser, B. F. (1994). Women In The Qur'an, Traditions, And Interpretation. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 393–394.
- ^ Schleifer, Aliah (1998). Mary The Blessed Virgin Of Islam, op. cit. p. 36.
- ^ "Quran 3:56 Translation Yusuf Ali (Orig. 1938)". Islam Awakened. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ a b "Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Surah Ale Imran". Quran 4 U. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ^ "Quran 3:64 Translation Yusuf Ali (Orig. 1938)". Islam Awakened. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
- ^ Nasir Makarim Shirazi, Ozma. "An Enlightening Commentary into the Light of the Holy Qur'an vol. 3". Imam Ali Foundation. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
- ^ "Quran 3:85 Translation Yusuf Ali (Orig. 1938)". Islam Awakened. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ^ al-Jalalayn. "The Tasfirs". altafsir.com. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ^ "Quran 3:90 Translation Yusuf Ali (Orig. 1938)". Islam Awakened. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
- ^ "Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Surah Ale Imran". Quran 4 U. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ^ DuBosar, Harrison (2013). "A Critical Study of Jihad and Just War Theory". Florida State University. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
External links
- Al-Quran – Āl ʿImrān (The Family of Imran)
- Ali-Imran at Quran.com
- Read Surah Al-Imran with Translation and Transliteration
- A fragment showing verses 85-88 from the World Digital Library