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Kiều Chinh (born 1939 in Vietnam) is a legendary actress best known for her role in The Joy Luck Club. Kieu Chinh began her acting career in Vietnam with a starring role in 1957. She soon became one of Vietnam's best-known personalities. In the 1960s, in addition to Vietnamese films, she also appeared in several American productions. Kieu Chinh also produced a war epic Nguoi Tinh Khong Chan Dung (Faceless Lover) (1970), which later would be remastered and shown in the U.S. at the 2003 Vietnamese International Film Festival.

In 1975, while Kieu Chinh was on the set in Singapore, the North Vietnamese army overran Saigon. Kieu Chinh left for the U.S. where she resumed her acting career in a 1977 episode of the television show M*A*S*H loosely based on her life story.

Kieu Chinh subsequently acted in feature films as well as TV-movies. Her best known role was as Suyuan, one of the women in Wayne Wang's The Joy Luck Club (1993). In 2005, Kieu Chinh starred in Journey from the Fall, an epic feature film tracing a Vietnamese family through the aftermath of the fall of Saigon, the re-education camp, the boat people experience, and thel difficulties of settling in the U.S.

Together with journalist Terry Anderson, Kieu Chinh co-founded the Vietnam Children's Fund, which has built schools in Vietnam attended by more than 12,000 students.

In 1996, a documentary based on her life, Kieu Chinh: A Journey Home by Patrick Perez, won an Emmy.

Early life

[edit]

Nguyễn Thị Chinh was born on September 3, 1937 in Hanoi.[1] She is the youngest child of Ms. Thi An Nguyen (Nguyễn Thị An) and Mr. Cuu Nguyen (Nguyễn Cửu), a minister in the French colonial government.[2][3] When Chinh was 6, during World War II, her mother and newborn brother were killed when their hospital was struck by an Allied bombing raid targeting Empire of Japan troops in Hanoi during the Japanese occupation of French Indochina.[4][5] When northern Vietnam suffered a famine in 1945, her family moved to the country to her grandfather's home in order to survive.[6] During her childhood years, Chinh lived with her father and siblings. She learned English, French, piano, and her father often took her to see cinemas in Hanoi.[7] Having been exposed to art from an early age, Chinh affirmed that her father was the most important person in her life.[8]

"One time at the Los Angeles airport, I saw a father saying goodbye to his daughter. He told her he'd see her at the end of the summer. Right away tears came to my eyes. I don't know what happened to that father and girl. My father said the same thing to me, and I never saw him again."[9]

—Chinh remembered her farewell flight to Hanoi in 1954

After the older sister got married and settled in France, the 1954 cease-fire accord was signed in Geneva, dividing Vietnam into two parts: the communists occupied the north, and the Republic of Vietnam ruled the south.[7] Taking advantage of the 100-day period when, in accordance with the French-Vietnamese armistice, residents of Northern Vietnam were still freely permitted to go to the South, Chinh's father decided to move to Saigon with his two remaining children. However, one night before their departure, Chinh's older brother, Lan Nguyen (Nguyễn Lân), ran away to join the North Vietnamese Communist forces.[9] In an urgent situation, a few days later, Chinh and Mr. Cuu planned to leave their home and head south. But when she boarded the plane, her father pushed her inside and told her to stay with family friends. He would find his son and promise to reunite with her later.[10] Neither Chinh nor her father knew that was the last time they would see each other.[4]

Mr. Cuu entrusted his youngest daughter to a close friend on the same flight.[3] Since then, Chinh has lived with Mr. Do's family, waiting for the day to reunite with her father and brother. However, she could not receive any news about them, so she had to stay with her benefactor's family.[11][12] At the age of 18, she married Mr. Do's second son, Mr. Nang Te Nguyen (Nguyễn Năng Tế), and officially became the daughter-in-law of the Buddhist family.[8][13]

Career

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1955–1974: Early work and breakthrough

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Kieu Chinh said she had never thought of acting because cinema came to her by chance.[14]


One day in 1956 Kiều Chinh was walking near the Hôtel Continental, when a young man approached her and asked her to go to a roadside café to meet someone. Then he introduced that person as a famous director named Joseph L. Mankiewicz. Mankiewicz said that Chinh suited a fictional role he was going to film in Saigon. He suggested she take the script of The Quiet American. However, after pressure from her family, who were reluctant to allow her, Kiều Chinh had to decline that opportunity. Politician Bùi Diễm invited Kiều Chinh to play the lead role in the first project of his studio - Tân Việt Films. Her character, which her family agreed to, was a Buddhist nun. So Chinh began her acting career in South Vietnam, starting with a starring role in The Bells of Thien Mu Temple (1957).[15]

Her film roles included Operation C.I.A. (1965) and The Joy Luck Club (1993). She is also a president, co-founder, and co-chair of the Vietnam Children's Fund.

In the 1960s, in addition to Vietnamese films, she also appeared in several American productions including A Yank in Viet-Nam (1964) and Operation C.I.A. (1965), the latter opposite Burt Reynolds. Kiều Chinh also produced a war epic Warrior, Who Are You (1971), which later would be remastered and shown in the U.S. at the 2003 Vietnamese International Film Festival.[16]

Permission for the Giao Chỉ Films Studio's war film was initially rejected because the studio was privately owned, so general director Kiều Chinh asked for permission from the Ministry of Information, Ministry of National Defence, and especially the headquarter of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces. So during the summer of 1971, the project started filming. Later that year, the film was first shown at the Rex Movie Theatre which was the biggest theatre in South Vietnam. Later, it was shown at the Asian Film Festival in Taipei.

In Kiều Chinh's memoir, Warrior, Who Are You was allowed to be shown again in 1973. It had got the honor of being the first Vietnamese film shown at the Rex Movie Theatre. Rex's specialised in showing US blockbusters such as Doctor Zhivago or Romeo and Juliet. Kiều Chinh must "insisted" Madame Ưng Thi who was an owner of Rex Theatre.[17]

Giao Chỉ Films decided to initially offer free entrance for military men and their families. So the screening event was a great success with full houses. The entire crew all went to Pink Night tearoom to celebrate.

Kiều Chinh's, Warrior, Who Are You was the first war movie to dominate newspaper headlines in South Vietnam. The total cost was 15 million VN$ (1US$ = 277,75VN$ in 1970), but the first month's profit was more than 48 million VN$.

The film won the Best War Film & Best Theme (for Hoàng Vĩnh Lộc) and Best Leading Actress (for Kiều Chinh) at the Asian International Film Festival XVI in Taipei on June 6, 1971.[18] From then until now, it has been given notable mention in all lists of Vietnamese films, though was still forbidden to appear on television channels.

1975–1995: Asylum, starting over and reuniting with relatives

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In April 1975, while Chinh was on a film set in Singapore, she realised that North Vietnam was about to overrun Saigon. She returned to South Vietnam, and then on to Singapore using her diplomatic passport. When the government of South Vietnam fell, she was deported from Singapore because her diplomatic passport was no longer valid. She was refused entry to France, Britain and the US. Eventually, she was admitted to Canada. She needed to get a job immediately and ended up working on a chicken farm. She tried to contact previous acquaintances in the acting world including Glenn Ford and Burt Reynolds, but both were "unavailable" to help. Eventually, she contacted Tippi Hedren who arranged an air ticket and a US visa for her and invited her to her home. William Holden also was supportive once he had found out about Chinh's plight.[19] Kiều Chinh resumed her acting career in the US, her first part being in a 1977 episode of M*A*S*H "In Love and War", written by Alan Alda and loosely based on her life story.[20]

1996–present: Continue filming

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Personal life

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During the peak period of boat people fleeing the border since 1980, Chinh did charity work for the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. She called for the attention of the US government to help Vietnamese boat people floating at sea or trapped in refugee camps.[21] In 1993, together with journalist Terry A. Anderson, Kieu Chinh co-founded the Vietnam Children's Fund, a non-profit organization that has built a network of elementary schools in Vietnam as living memorials to remember the families and children lost in that country’s long wars.[22] The first school was located in Quảng Trị and named after one of the association's founders, Lewis Burwell Puller Jr., in memory of the American veteran who passed away nearly a year earlier.[23] By 2016, the organization had built its 50th school in Quảng Nam province.[24]

The family is Buddhist, but Kieu Chinh attended a Christian school when she was young. When Chinh got married, she became a Buddhist. Both religions play an important role in her life.[25][26]: 21:32  In 2014, she met the 14th Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, India,[27] and in 2016 at the Vietnamese Buddhist temple in Westminster, California.[28] Kieu Chinh and her husband Nang Te Nguyen (Nguyễn Năng Tế) had three children. The couple divorced in 1980.[5]

[29][30]

Literature

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Organizations[a] Year[b] Category Work Result Ref.
American Booksellers Association 2016 Indies Choice Book Awards for Adult Fiction The Sympathizer Honored [31]
American Comparative Literature Association 2017 René Wellek Prize Nothing Ever Dies Won [32]
American Library Association 2016 Andrew Carnegie Medals The Sympathizer Won [33]
2024 A Man of Two Faces Longlisted [34]
Asian Pacific American Librarians Association 2016 Adult Fiction The Sympathizer Won [35]
2018 The Refugees Honored [36]
Aspen Words 2017 Aspen Words Literary Prize Longlisted [37]
Association for Asian American Studies 2017 Book Awards for Creative Writing: Prose The Sympathizer Won [38]
California Book Awards 2016 Gold Medal in First Fiction Won [39]
2018 Fiction The Refugees Finalist [40]
2022 Silver Medal in Fiction The Committed Won [41]
Chicago Tribune 2010 Nelson Algren Short Story Award The Americans Finalist [42]
Dayton Literary Peace Prize 2016 Fiction The Sympathizer Won [43]
Deutscher Krimi Preis 2017 International Runner-up [44]
Dublin City Libraries 2017 International Dublin Literary Award Finalist[c] [45]
Edgar Awards 2016 Best First Novel Won [46]
Fondazione Bottari Lattes 2018 Bottari Lattes Grinzane Prize The Refugees Finalist [47]
Friends of the Claremont Library 2018 On The Same Page Won [48]
Goodreads Choice Awards 2017 Fiction Nominated [49]
2023 Memoir & Autobiography A Man of Two Faces Nominated [50]
Gulf Coast Prize 2007 Fiction The Other Woman Won [51]
Los Angeles Times Book Prize 2016 Mystery/Thriller The Sympathizer Finalist [52]
Narrative Magazine 2011 Winter 2011 Story Contest Fatherland 3rd Place [53]
National Book Award 2016 Nonfiction Nothing Ever Dies Finalist [54]
2023 A Man of Two Faces Longlisted [55]
National Book Critics Circle Award 2017 Nonfiction Nothing Ever Dies Finalist [56]
PEN America 2016 PEN/Robert W. Bingham Prize The Sympathizer Finalist [57]
PEN/Faulkner Foundation 2016 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction Finalist [58]
Phi Beta Kappa 2017 Ralph Waldo Emerson Award Nothing Ever Dies Finalist[c] [59]
Popular Culture Association 2017 John G. Cawelti Award for Best Textbook/Primer Won [60]
Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger 2017 Novel The Sympathizer Won [61]
Pulitzer Prize 2016 Fiction Won [62]
storySouth 2011 Million Writers Award Arthur Arellano Finalist [63]
The Center for Fiction 2015 First Novel Prize The Sympathizer Won [64]

Career awards

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Academic

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Organization Year Honor Ref.
Colgate University 2019 Doctor of Letters [65]
Franklin & Marshall College 2022 Doctor of Letters [66]
Seattle University 2023 Honorary Doctoral Degrees [67]
Uppsala University 2020 Honorary Doctoral Degrees [68]

Leadership

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Organization Year Position Ref.
American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2018 Fellow [69]
American Writers Museum 2017 Advisory Council [70]
Before Columbus Foundation 2022 Member [71]
Center for Transpacific Studies 2009 Co-founder / Steering Committee member [72]
Diasporic Vietnamese Artists Network 2007 Co-Director [73]
2010 Founder / Editor of diaCRITICS – a blog of DVAN [74]
Heyday Books 2020 Advisory Council [75]
International Rescue Committee 2022 Ambassador / Board of Directors [76]
Pulitzer Prize 2020 Board Member [77]
Society of American Historians 2021 Fellow [78]

Fellowship

[edit]
Organization Year Award Ref.
American Council of Learned Societies 2011 ACLS Fellowships [79]
Asian Cultural Council 2010 Luce Foundation Fellows [80]
Djerassi Artists Residency 2008 James Irvine Foundation Honorary Fellowships [81]
Fine Arts Work Center 2004–05 Fiction Fellow [82]
Harvard Radcliffe Institute 2008–09 Suzanne Young Murray Fellow [83]
Huntington Library 1999 Huntington Library Research Fellowship [84]
James Jones Literary Society 2012 First Novel Fellowship[d] [85]
John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation 2017 Guggenheim Fellowship [86]
MacArthur Foundation 2017 MacArthur Fellowship [87]
University of California, Berkeley 1992
–97
Predoctoral Minority Fellowship [88]
Mellon Dissertation Fellowship
University of California, Irvine 2017 Chancellor’s Distinguished Fellows [89]

Grant

[edit]
Organization Year Program Ref.
Andy Warhol Foundation 2008 An Eye for an Eye: The Vietnam War in Contemporary Art [90]
Center for Cultural Innovation 2011 Investing in Artists – Artistic Innovation [91]
Georgetown University 2005 Visible Knowledge Project [92]
Henry Luce Foundation 2011 Center for Transpacific Studies [93]
2018 [94]
Japan-U.S. Friendship Commission 2007 Memories of the Bad War: Ethnicity and Empathy in Viet Nam [84]

Honors

[edit]
Organization Year Award[e] Ref.
American Academy of Arts and Letters 2020 Literature Award [95]
American Library in Paris 2018 Writer-in-Residence [96]
American Writers Museum 2022 Inspiring Writer Award [97]
Amherst College 2022 Presidential Scholar [98]
Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund 2020 Justice in Action Awards [99]
California Asian & Pacific Islander Legislative Caucus 2018 Excellence in Literature [100]
Carnegie Corporation of New York 2017 Great Immigrants [101]
College of William & Mary 2022 Hatsuye Yamasaki ’37 Prize for Visionary Leadership [102]
Djerassi Artists Residency 2008 Residency [103]
Frederick Douglass Family Initiatives
Antiracist Research & Policy Center
2018 The Frederick Douglass 200 [104]
Harvard University 2023–24 Charles Eliot Norton Lectures [105]
Heyday Books 2017 Heyday History Award [106]
Los Angeles City Historical Society 2016 Miriam Matthews Award [107]
Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States 2019 MELUS Award for Distinguished Contribution to Ethnic Studies [108]
Phi Beta Kappa 2021 Sidney Hook Memorial Award [109]
Poets & Writers 2022 Barnes & Noble Writers for Writers [110]
University of California, Berkeley 2023 Campanile Excellence in Achievement Award [111]
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2019 Dan & Maggie Inouye Distinguished Chair in Democratic Ideals [112]
University of Southern California 1998
– 2002
Gamma Sigma Alpha Professor of the Year [84]
Zumberge Research and Innovation Fund Award
Resident Faculty of the Year [113]
General Education Teaching Excellence Award
Albert S. Raubenheimer Distinguished Junior Faculty Award [114]
2006 Teaching Has No Boundaries Award [115]
2011 Mellon Award for Faculty Mentoring Graduate Students [116]
2013 Provost’s Prize for Teaching With Technology [117]
2016 Phi Kappa Phi Faculty Recognition Award [118]
2017 Associates Award for Artistic Expression [119]
2018 University Medallion [120]
Yerba Buena Center for the Arts 2019 YBCA 100 [121]
Publisher Category Year Work Ref.
Entropy Best Nonfiction Books of 2016 2016 Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War [122]
Kirkus Reviews Best Nonfiction of 2016 2016 [123]
New Zealand Listener The 100 Best Books of 2016 2016 [124]
Seminary Co-op Notable Books of 2016 2016 [125]
BuzzFeed News The 24 Best Fiction Books Of 2017 2017 The Refugees [126]
Chicago Public Library Best Books of 2017 2017 [127]
East Bay Express 2017’s Best Fiction 2017 [128]
Electric Literature 15 Best Short Story Collections of 2017 2017 [129]
Esquire The 50 Best Books of 2017 2017 [130]
History The Best Books of 2017 for History Lovers 2018 [131]
International Rescue Committee Books About Refugees That You Might Love 2023 [132]
Interview The 10 Best Books of 2017 2017 [133]
Joe 100 Books to Read Before You Die 2018 [134]
Kirkus Reviews Best Fiction of 2017 2017 [135]
Best Short Fiction of 2017 [136]
Literary Hub The Best Reviewed Books of 2017: Short Story Collections 2017 [137]
Media Diversified Top 15 Books by Novelists of Colour Published in 2017 2017 [138]
National Post The 99 Best Books of 2017 2017 [139]
NPR Best Books of 2017 2017 [140]
Powell's Books Best Books of 2017 2017 [141]
San Francisco Chronicle Best of 2017: 100 Recommended Books 2018 [142]
The New York Times 100 Notable Books of 2017 2017 [143]
The Oregonian 21 Books We Loved in 2017 2017 [144]
The Straits Times The Finest Fiction of 2017 2017 [145]
BuzzFeed News 75 Books To Add To Your 2021 TBR List 2021 The Committed [146]
The Best Books Of 2021 [147]
Elle The 57 Most Anticipated Books of 2021 2021 [148]
Entertainment Weekly 15 Books We Can't Wait to Read in 2021 2021 [149]
Entropy Best of 2020-2021: Best Fiction Books 2021 [150]
Forbes The 10 Most Anticipated Books Of 2021 2020 [151]
Kirkus Reviews 10 Fiction Books To Look for in 2021 2021 [152]
Best Fiction Books of the Year [153]
Literary Hub The Ultimate Best Books of 2021 List 2021 [154]
NPR NPR : Books We Love 2021 [155]
Slate The Best Books of 2021 2021 [156]
Star Tribune 2021 Holiday Books Season’s Readings 2021 [157]
The Orange County Register 10 Impact Books From Southern California Authors in 2021 2022 [158]
The Washington Post 50 Notable Works of Fiction 2021 [159]
Time The 21 Most Anticipated Books of 2021 2020 [160]
The 100 Must-Read Books of 2021 2021 [161]
Audible The 18 Best Bios & Memoirs of 2023 2023 A Man of Two Faces: A Memoir, A History, A Memorial [162]
Electric Literature Best Nonfiction of 2023 2023 [163]
Los Angeles Times 30 Books We Can’t Wait to Read This Fall 2023 [164]
The Ultimate L.A. Bookshelf: Fiction [165]
NPR NPR : Books We Love 2023 [166]
O, The Oprah Magazine Best Memoirs of 2023 2023 [167]
The Globe and Mail Sixty-two Books to Read This Fall 2023 [168]
The Millions Most Anticipated: The Great 2023B Book 2023 [169]
The New York Times 33 Nonfiction Books to Read This Fall 2023 [170]
The 10 Best California Books of 2023 [171]
The Washington Post 29 Books to Read This Fall 2023 [172]
Time The 36 Most Anticipated Books of Fall 2023 2023 [173]
Vulture The Best Memoirs of 2023 2023 [174]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Awards, festivals, honors and other miscellaneous organizations are listed in alphabetical order.
  2. ^ Indicates the year of ceremony.
  3. ^ a b This is also the final list before announcing the winners.
  4. ^ Runner-up with manuscript titled The Sympathizer.
  5. ^ Honors, residencies, teaching, research, service and community.

References

[edit]
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