sun

sun

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sundanese.

• Wiktionary's coverage of Sundanese terms

• enPR: sŭn, IPA^(key): /sʌn/
• (Local Dublin) IPA^(key): /sʊn/

• Audio (UK):

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• Audio (US):

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• Rhymes: -ʌn
• Homophone: son

From Middle English sonne, sunne, from Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen-, oblique of Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). See also Saterland Frisian Sunne, West Frisian sinne, German Low German Sünn, Dutch zon, German Sonne, Icelandic sunna; outside of Germanic, Welsh huan, Sanskrit स्वर् (svàr), Avestan 𐬓𐬇𐬧𐬔 (xᵛə̄ṇg)). Related to sol, Sol, Surya, and Helios. More at solar.

• (proper noun, star which Earth revolves around): Sun (capitalized)
• sonne, sunne (obsolete spelling)
• ☉ (alchemy)

the sun

2. The star that Earth revolves around, and from which it receives light and heat.
   • 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 233:

     "I suppose I may have leave to do that!" Yes, she could do that, he said, but there was no road to that place; it lay east of the sun and west of the moon, and she could never find her way there.

   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.

sun (countable and uncountable, plural suns)

1. (astronomy) A star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system.
   • 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Haestrom Codex entry:

     Because Haestrom's sun has overwhelmed the planet's protective magnetosphere, humans foolhardy enough to venture into geth-controlled Haestrom must exercise extreme caution. Minutes of radiation exposure will overload shields and hours of exposure will kill.

2. The light and heat which are received from the sun; sunshine or sunlight.
   • c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     Lambs that did frisk in the sun.

   • 1835, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], “The Knight of Provençe, and His Proposal”, in Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes. […], volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, book II (The Revolution), page 184:

     His fair hair waved long and freely over a white and unwrinkled forehead: the life of a camp and the suns of Italy had but little embrowned his clear and healthful complexion, which retained much of the bloom of youth.

3. (figurative) Something like the sun in brightness or splendor.
   • 1560, [William Whittingham et al., transl.], The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (the Geneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall, →OCLC, Psalmes 84:11, folio 253, recto, column 2:

     For the Lord God is the ſunne & ſhield vnto vs: […]

   • 1649 February 19 (Gregorian calendar), attributed to Charles I of England, “Upon their seizing the Kings Magazines, Forts, Navy, and Militia”, in Έἰκὼν Βασιλική [Éikṑn Basilikḗ]. The Pourtraicture of His Sacred Maiestie in His Solitudes and Sufferings: […], [London: […] Roger Daniel for John Williams], →OCLC, page 65:

     […] I will never conſent to put out the Sun of Sovereigntie to all Poſterity, […]

4. (uncountable, chiefly literary) Sunrise or sunset.
   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 381, columns 1–2:

     Imo[gen]. […] Prythee ſpeake, / How many ſtore of Miles may we well rid / Twixt houre, and houre? / Piſ[anio]. One ſcore 'twixt Sun, and Sun, / Madam's enough for you: and too much too. / Imo[gen]. Why, one that rode to's Excution Man, / Could neuer go ſo ſlow: […]

   • 1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Discontents, Cares, Miseries, &c. causes”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 10, page 110:

     [W]hileſt many an hunger-ſtarved poore creature pines in the ſtreet, wants clothes to cover him, labours hard all day long, runs, rides for a trifle, fights peradventure from Sun to Sun, ſick and ill, weary, full of paine and griefe, is in great diſtreſſe and ſorrow of heart.

   • 1849, Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, published 1873, page 357:

     I love these sons of earth every mother's son of them, with their great hearty hearts rushing tumultuously in herds from spectacle to spectacle, as if fearful lest there should not be time between sun and sun to see them all, and the sun does not wait more than in haying-time.

   • 1962, Harry S. Truman, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, page 651:

     You see, the President has five jobs, any one of which would be more than a full-time job for one man; but I have to do all five of them between sun and sun.

   • 1997, Alan Dean Foster, Howling Stones, page 149:

     “Tomorrow at first sun.” Not being much of a morning person, she winced internally. “First sun?” “It is the proper time, when the flowers of the pohoroh first open to the light.”

5. A revolution of the Earth around the Sun; a year.
6. A transversing of the sky by the Sun; a day.
   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     Four suns since was the word brought to me from ‘She-who-must-be-obeyed,’ ‘White men come; if white men come, slay them not.’ Let them be brought to the house of ‘She-who-must-be-obeyed.’

7. The nineteenth trump/major arcana card of the tarot.
8. (cartomancy) The thirty-first Lenormand card.

sun (third-person singular simple present suns, present participle sunning, simple past and past participle sunned)

1. (transitive) To expose to the heat and radiation of the sun.

   Synonym: apricate

   Beautiful bodies lying on the beach, sunning their bronzed limbs.

   • 2000, William Laurance, Stinging Trees and Wait-a-Whiles: Confessions of a Rainforest Biologist:

     There were lots of zany antics and we tried not to stare too obviously at the beautiful women toplessly sunning themselves...

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines. A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.

2. (transitive) To warm or dry in the sunshine.
3. (intransitive) To be exposed to the sun.
4. (intransitive, alternative medicine) To expose the eyes to the sun as part of the Bates method.

• bask

• sun up

From Japanese 寸 (sun). Doublet of cun.

sun (plural suns or sun)

1. A traditional Japanese unit of length, approximately 30.3 millimetres (1.193 inches).

sun (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of sunn (“the plant”)

• sun on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “sun”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

• 'uns, NUS, UNS, USN, uns

sun

1. trunk (of tree)

Often used in a compound with the name of a tree to indicate that kind of tree.

From Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting; abstaining from food, drink, and sex”), from Classical Syriac ܨܘܡܐ (ṣawmāʾ).

sun

1. fasting (during the month of Ramadan)

sun

1. to fast

• sunn, suun

From Middle High German sun, from Old High German sunu, from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”). Cognate with German Sohn, Dutch zoon, English son, Icelandic sonur.

sun

1. (Sauris) son

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

sun m

1. (Tredici Comuni) son

• Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Deverbal from sunout.

• IPA^(key): [ˈsun]

sun m inan

1. slide

• “sun”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “sun”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “sun”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

• IPA^(key): /ˈsun/, [ˈs̠un]
• Rhymes: -un
• Syllabification^(key): sun

Possibly from sun (etymology 2), originally as a replacement of mun, eroded variant of muin which was reinterpreted as the genitive singular of mä.

sun

1. (coordinating) A coordinating conjunction expressing generality.

   En nyt jouda, kun tässä on sitä sun tätä tekemistä.

   I don't have time for that because I have this and that to do (miscellaneous stuff/things to do).

   Lautanen oli täynnä makaroonilaatikkoa, makkaraa, salaattia, perunamuussia sun muuta pöperöä.

   The plate was full of macaroni casserole, sausage, salad, mashed potatoes and other grub.

• “sun”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[4] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Compare standard sinun (“your, yours”) (genitive singular of sinä).

sun

1. (colloquial) genitive singular of sä

From Latin sonus.

sun m (plural suns)

1. sound
2. music

• (music): musiche

• sunâ

For pronunciation and definitions of sun – see 孫 (“grandchild; grandson; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 孫).

From Proto-Samic *sonë.

sun (genitive suu)

1. he, she, it

Inari Sami personal pronouns
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	mun	muoi	mij
2nd person	tun	tuoi	tij
3rd person	sun	suoi	sij

• sun in Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Taarna Valtonen, Miina Seurujärvi and Trond Trosterud (2015–2022) Nettidigisäänih Anarâškiela-suomakielâ-anarâškielâ sänikirje‎^[5], Tromsø: UiT

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[6], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

From Dutch zoen (“kiss”), from Middle Dutch zoene, soen, soene, swoene (“reconciliation; atonement; kiss”), from Old Dutch *sōna, *swōna (“reconciliation; peace; agreement”), from Proto-Germanic *sōnō, *swōnō (“appeasement; reconciliation; atonement; sacrifice”), from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

• IPA^(key): [ˈsʊn]
• Hyphenation: sun

sun (first-person possessive sunku, second-person possessive sunmu, third-person possessive sunnya)

1. kiss, a touch with the lips, usually to express love or affection, or as a greeting.

   Synonym: ciuman

• “sun” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

From su.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.n‿/

sun

1. (poetic, rare) Alternative form of su used before a vowel
   • mid 13^th century–1280s, Ricordano Malispini, “Come Catellino e sua gente sconfissano e amazorono Fiorino; e della venuta di Giulio Cesare con l’oste de’ romani [How Catiline and his people defeated and killed Fiorinus; and of the arrival of Julius Caesar with the Roman host]” (chapter 16), in Istoria antica‎^[7]; republished as Istoria antica di Ricordano Malespini gentil'uomo fiorentino dall’edificazione di Fiorenza insino all'anno MCCLXXXI, con l'aggiunta di Giachetto suo nipote dal detto anno per insino al 1286, Florence: Stamperia Giunti, 1568, page 9:

     […] preſſo a monte Giulio Ceſare ſi puoſe la milizia di Magrino […] , & in ſun’unaltro monte preſſo a quello […]

     [ […] presso a Monte Giulio Cesare si puose la milizia di Magrino […] ; e in sun un altro monte, presso a quello […] ]

     […] Macrinus' force was stationed near Mount Julius Caesar […] ; and, on another mountain, near that one […]

• sun in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

sun

1. Rōmaji transcription of すん

sun

1. a kiss

• IPA^(key): /ˈʃudn/

sun

1. To warm oneself by staying near a fire.^[1]

Borrowed from a descendant of Sanskrit सुवर्ण (suvárṇa).

• IPA^(key): /ˈsun/

sun (Kamviri, Western Kata-viri)^[1]

1. gold

sun

1. on, over
2. in

sun

1. Alternative form of son

sun

1. Romanization of ᠰᡠᠨ

sun

1. Nonstandard spelling of sūn.
2. Nonstandard spelling of sǔn.
3. Nonstandard spelling of sùn.

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

sun

1. Alternative form of sonne (“sun”)

sun

1. Alternative form of sone (“son”)

Similar to (and likely a borrowing of, or possibly the lender of) the word used for water in the "third Mimi" language, Amdang sunu, which in turn is (per Starostin) "most likely cognate with" Fur suːn (“waterhole, well”).

sun

1. water

• George Starostin, On Mimi

• sönj (Mooring)
• Sön (Sylt)

From Old Frisian sand, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz. Cognates include West Frisian sân.

sun n

1. (Föhr-Amrum) sand

sun m (plural sunen)

1. (Föhr-Amrum) sandbank, sandy area, sands

From Old Norse sonr, sunr, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz.

sun m (nominative plural synær)

1. son

• Danish: søn

sun

1. (Unquachog) stone

• Thomas Jefferson (1791) A vocabulary of the Language of the Unquachog Indians (in Quiripi)

• IPA^(key): /ˈsun/
• Rhymes: -un

sun

1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of suna

Probably from Latin sonus, or from the verb suna.

sun n (plural sunuri)

1. (obsolete) sound

   Synonym: sunet

• sun in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

From Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen- (“sun”), oblique stem *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).

• IPA^(key): /sʌn/, /sɪn/

sun (plural suns)

1. sun

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [sun˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂun˧˧] ~ [sun˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂʊwŋ͡m˧˧] ~ [sʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

sun

1. (intransitive) To shrink.
2. (transitive) To pull together.

   sun vai

   to pull one’s shoulders together

• "sun" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)

Borrowed from a descendant of Sanskrit सुवर्ण (suvárṇa).

• IPA^(key): /ˈsun/

sun (Nisheigram)^[1]

1. gold

• IPA^(key): /sũ̀/

sùn

1. to sleep

   Mo sùn gbalaja ― I slept stretched out

Yoruba Varieties and Languages - sùn (“to sleep”)
view map; edit data
Language Family	Variety Group	Variety/Language	Location	Words
Proto-Itsekiri-SEY	Southeast Yoruba	Ào	Ìdóàní	rhùn
		Eastern Àkókó	Àkùngbá Àkókó	sùn
			Ṣúpárè Àkókó	sùn
		Ìjẹ̀bú	Ìjẹ̀bú Òde	sù
			Ìkòròdú	sù
			Ṣágámù	sù
			Ẹ̀pẹ́	sù
		Ìkálẹ̀	Òkìtìpupa	hùn
		Ìlàjẹ	Mahin	hùn
		Oǹdó	Oǹdó	sùn
		Usẹn	Usẹn	hùn
	Ìtsẹkírì		Ìwẹrẹ	sùn
Proto-Yoruba	Central Yoruba	Èkìtì	Àdó Èkìtì	sùn
			Àkúrẹ́	sùn
			Ọ̀tùn Èkìtì	sùn
	Northwest Yoruba	Àwórì	Èbúté Mẹ́tà	sùn
		Ẹ̀gbá	Abẹ́òkúta	sùn
		Èkó	Èkó	sùn
		Ìbàdàn	Ìbàdàn	sùn
		Ìlọrin	Ìlọrin	sùn
		Oǹkó	Ìtẹ̀síwájú LGA	sùn
			Ìwàjówà LGA	sùn
			Kájọlà LGA	sùn
			Ìsẹ́yìn LGA	sùn
			Ṣakí West LGA	sùn
			Atisbo LGA	sùn
			Ọlọ́runṣògo LGA	sùn
		Ọ̀yọ́	Ọ̀yọ́	sùn
		Standard Yorùbá	Nàìjíríà	sùn
			Bɛ̀nɛ̀	sùn
	Northeast Yoruba/Okun	Ìyàgbà	Yàgbà East LGA	hùn
		Owé	Kabba	hùn
	Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba	Ifɛ̀	Akpáré	sũ̀
			Atakpamé	sũ̀
			Tchetti	sũ̀

• IPA^(key): /sũ̄/

sun

1. to roast

   Synonyms: yan, wì (“to singe”)

   Mo sun ẹran. ― I roasted the meat.

2. to burn; to set on fire

   Synonyms: jó, jóná, dáná sun

   A máa ń sun òkú nínú àṣà tèmi. ― We cremate the dead in my culture.

   Àwọn jagunjagun ya wọ̀lú, wọ́n sì dáná sun ojúbọ ― The warriors raided the town and set the shrines on fire

Yoruba Varieties and Languages - sun (“to roast, burn”)
view map; edit data
Language Family	Variety Group	Variety/Language	Location	Words
Proto-Itsekiri-SEY	Southeast Yoruba	Ìjẹ̀bú	Ìjẹ̀bú Òde	su
			Ìkòròdú	su
			Ṣágámù	su
			Ẹ̀pẹ́	su
		Ìkálẹ̀	Òkìtìpupa	họn
		Usẹn	Usẹn	họn
	Olùkùmi		Ugbódù	họ́n
Proto-Yoruba	Central Yoruba	Èkìtì	Àdó Èkìtì	sụn
			Àkúrẹ́	sụn
			Ọ̀tùn Èkìtì	sụn
	Northwest Yoruba	Àwórì	Èbúté Mẹ́tà	sun
		Èkó	Èkó	sun
		Ìbàdàn	Ìbàdàn	sun
		Ìlọrin	Ìlọrin	sun
		Ọ̀yọ́	Ọ̀yọ́	sun
		Standard Yorùbá	Nàìjíríà	sun
			Bɛ̀nɛ̀	sun
	Northeast Yoruba/Okun	Owé	Kabba	hun

• IPA^(key): /sũ̄/

sun

1. to trickle; to flow

• orísun (“source”)

• IPA^(key): /sũ̄/

sun

1. (with ẹkún (“tears”)) to cry

   Wọ́n ń sun ẹkún níbi ìsìnkú ― They're crying at the burial ground

2. to chant

   Ọdẹ ni ó máa ń sun ìjálá, ìyàwó ni ó máa ń sun ẹkún-ìyàwó ― Hunters chant ìjálá, and brides chant the ẹkún-ìyàwó

Yoruba Varieties and Languages - sun (“to cry”)
view map; edit data
Language Family	Variety Group	Variety/Language	Location	Words
Proto-Itsekiri-SEY	Southeast Yoruba	Ìjẹ̀bú	Ìjẹ̀bú Òde	sọ
			Ìkòròdú	sọ
			Ṣágámù	sọ
			Ẹ̀pẹ́	sọ
		Ìkálẹ̀	Òkìtìpupa	hun
		Ìlàjẹ	Mahin	hun
		Usẹn	Usẹn	họn
	Ìtsẹkírì		Ìwẹrẹ	sọ, sọn
	Olùkùmi		Ugbódù	họ́n
Proto-Yoruba	Central Yoruba	Èkìtì	Àdó Èkìtì	sụn
			Àkúrẹ́	sụn
			Ọ̀tùn Èkìtì	sụn
	Northwest Yoruba	Àwórì	Èbúté Mẹ́tà	sun
		Èkó	Èkó	sun
		Ìbàdàn	Ìbàdàn	sun
		Ìlọrin	Ìlọrin	sun
		Ọ̀yọ́	Ọ̀yọ́	sun
		Standard Yorùbá	Nàìjíríà	sun
			Bɛ̀nɛ̀	sun
	Northeast Yoruba/Okun	Ìyàgbà	Yàgbà East LGA	hu
		Owé	Kabba	hun
	Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba	Ifɛ̀	Akpáré	sɔ
			Atakpamé	sɔ
			Tchetti	sɔ

• IPA^(key): /sũ̀/

sùn

1. to aim; to target

   Ìyẹn ni mò ń fojú sùn lọ́dún tó ń bọ̀ ― That's what I aspire for this coming year

• àfojúsùn (“goal; target”)

• IPA^(key): /sṹ/

sún

1. to shift; to move

   Sún mọ́ mi. ― Move closer to me.

   Pẹ̀lúmi fẹ́ sún ìpàdé síwájú ― Pelumi wants to postpone the meeting

2. to nudge; to motivate

   Ó sún mi láti wọ́de ― It motivated me to protest

3. to prick

   Synonym: gún

   Ẹ̀gún sún mi lọ́wọ́ ― The thorn pricked me

• sún kì (“to contract; to shrink”)

• IPA^(key): /sũ̀/

sùn

1. to make a complaint

   A ti fẹjọ́ yín sùn wọ́n ― We have reported you to them