Yaren Rusyn
| Yaren Rusyn | |
|---|---|
| Русиньскый язык — русиньскый язык | |
'Yan asalin magana | 610,000 |
| |
Rusyn alphabet (en)  da Cyrillic script (en) | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
rue |
| Glottolog |
rusy1239[1] |
 | |
Rusyn ( / ˈr uːsɪn / ; [ Carpathian Rusyn </link> ; Pannonian Rusyn </link> ) [2] harshen Slavic na Gabas ne wanda Rusyns ke magana a sassan Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, kuma an rubuta shi cikin rubutun Cyrillic . [3] A cikin al'umma, harshen kuma ana magana da shi ta tsohuwar kalmar jama'a, руснацькый язык </link> , [2] [4] ko kuma kawai ake magana a kai a matsayin magana hanyarmu ( Carpathian Rusyn </link> ). [3] Yawancin masu magana suna zaune a yankin da aka sani da Carpathian Ruthenia wanda ya taso daga Transcarpathia, zuwa yamma zuwa gabashin Slovakia da kudu maso gabashin Poland. [3] Hakanan akwai tsibiri mai girma na Pannonian Rusyn a cikin Vojvodina, Serbia, [3] da kuma ƴan ƙasashen waje na Rusyn a duk faɗin duniya. [5] [6] Bisa ga Yarjejeniya ta Turai don Harsunan Yanki ko Ƙananan Ƙananan, Rusyn an amince da shi a matsayin harshen tsirarun kariya ta Bosnia da Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Poland (a matsayin Lemko), Serbia, da Slovakia . [7]
A cikin yaren Ingilishi, kalmar Rusyn ta amince da ita a hukumance ta ISO . Wasu sunaye kuma a wasu lokuta ana amfani da su don yin nuni ga yare, galibi waɗanda aka samo daga exonyms kamar Ruthenian ko Ruthene ( UK : / r ʊ ˈθ iːn /, US : / r uː ˈ θ iːn / ), waɗanda ke da ƙarin ma'anoni na gabaɗaya, don haka (ta hanyar ƙara sifofin yanki) an ƙirƙiri wasu takamaiman nadi, kamar: Carpathian Ruthenian/Ruthene ko Carpatho-Ruthenian/Ruthene. [8]
Rarraba Rusyn a matsayin harshe ko yare shine tushen jayayya. [9] Czech, Slovak, da Hungarian, da Amurkawa da wasu masana harsuna na Poland da Serbia suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani harshe na musamman [10] [ bukatar sabuntawa ]</link></link> (tare da lambar ta ISO 639-3 ), yayin da sauran malamai (a cikin Ukraine, Poland, Serbia, da Romania) suna ɗaukar shi azaman yare na Ukrainian . [11] [ yana buƙatar sabuntawa ]</link></link>
Rabewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rarraba harshen Rusyn a tarihi ya kasance duka biyun a cikin yare da kuma siyasa. A cikin karni na 19, an gabatar da tambayoyi da yawa tsakanin masana ilimin harshe, game da rabe-raben yarukan Slavic na Gabas da ake magana a yankunan arewa maso gabas (Carpathian) na Masarautar Hungary, da kuma yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Masarautar Galicia da Lodomeria . Daga waɗancan tambayoyin, manyan ka'idoji guda uku ne suka fito: [5]
- Wasu masana harsuna sun yi iƙirarin cewa yarukan Slavic na Gabas na yankin Carpathian ya kamata a rarraba su a matsayin takamaiman nau'in yaren Rasha .
- Wasu masanan harshe sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan yarukan ya kamata a lasafta su azaman nau'in yaren yamma na musamman na Ukrainian .
- Ƙungiya ta uku ta yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan yarukan sun ƙayyadad da su don a gane su a matsayin yaren Slavic na Gabas.
Duk da wadannan rigingimun na harshe, kalmomin hukuma da Masarautar Austro-Hungary ta yi amfani da su da ke mulkin yankin Carpathian sun kasance ba su canza ba. Ga hukumomin jihar Austro-Hungary, gaba dayan kungiyar harshen Slavic ta Gabas da ke cikin iyakokin Masarautar an rarraba su da harshen Ruthenian ( German </link> , Hungarian </link> ), kalmar archaic da exonymic wanda ya kasance ana amfani dashi har zuwa 1918. [12]
Rarraba yanki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dangane da rabe-raben yanki, harshen Rusyn yana wakilta ta takamaiman gungu guda biyu: na farko ya ƙunshi nau'ikan Carpathian Rusyn ko Carpatho-Rusyn, kuma na biyu yana wakiltar Pannonian Rusyn . [5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Rusyn". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Plishkova 2009.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Pugh 2009.
- ↑ Magocsi 2015.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Magocsi & Pop 2005.
- ↑ Kushko 2007.
- ↑ Council of Europe 2021.
- ↑ Renoff & Reynolds 1975.
- ↑ Moser 2016.
- ↑ Bernard Comrie, "Slavic Languages," International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (1992, Oxford, Vol 3), pp. 452–456.
- ↑ George Y. Shevelov, "Ukrainian," The Slavonic Languages, ed.
- ↑ Moser 2018.