Butta

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Butta^[1] (Palice Siddhattha Gotama Buddha, Sanscritice Siddhārtha Gautama Buddha^[2]), nonnumquam et Gautama Buddha, fuit doctor spiritualis ex subcontinente Indico, in cuius doctrinis Buddhismus conditus est.^[3] Nomen enim buddhae, quod 'expergefactus e somno' vel per translationem 'eruditus' valet^[4], in quolibet aevo datum est primi entitatis excitati^?. Butta enim, quem supremum habent plurimi commentarii Buddhistici omnium buddharum aevi nostri, titulum Śākyamuni (Palice Sakyamunī) sustinet, hoc est 'sapiens Śākyarum'. Invenit autem viam mediam, quae extremam religionum Sramana asceticismum emendavit.^[5]

Locus natalis Buttae in Lumbini.^[6]^[7]

Tempora Buttae ortus obitusque sunt incerta: plurimi historici saeculi vicensimi eius vitam a circa 563 a.C.n. ad circa 483 a.C.n. computaverunt,^[8] sed recentior opinio eius obitum habet inter 486 et 483 a.C.n., vel, ut aiunt nonnulli, inter 411 et 400 a.C.n.^[9]^[10] UNESCO Lumbini Nepaliae situm hereditatis mundi et locum ortus Gautamae Buddhae perscribit.^[11]^[12] Sunt autem adfirmationes locum sui ortus esse Kapilavastu apud Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh, vel Kapileswara, Orissae, hodiernae Indiae.^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17] Ipse deinde per regiones Indiae orientalis docebat, in Magadha, Kośala, aliisque locis.^[18]^[19]

Butta est prima in Buddhismo persona, et fabulae de eius vita, acroasibus, regulisque monasticis a Buddhistis creduntur congestas fuisse et a sectatoribus memoria custoditas. Variae doctrinarum congeries ei tributae, traditione orali transmissae, primum, circa quadringentos annos post, litteris mandatae sunt.

Notae

↑ Antiquissima eius mentio litteris Graecis inventa est in Clementis Alexandrini Miscellaneis 1.15.71.6, ubi legitur: εἰσὶ δὲ τῶν Ἰνδῶν οἱ τοῖς Βούττα πειθόμενοι παραγγέλμασιν. ('sunt apud Indos qui Buttae praecepta sequuntur'). De qua re vide Georgios T. Halkias, "When the Greeks Converted the Buddha: Asymmetrical Transfers of Knowledge in Indo-Greek Cultures," in Religions and Trade: Religious Formation, Transformation and Cross-Cultural Exchange between East and West, ed. Peter Wick et Volker Rabens (2014), pp.65-116: p. 93, n. 83.
↑ In litteris Devanagari hodiernis: सिद्धार्थ गौतम गौतम.
↑ Boeree, George. "An Introduction to Buddhism". Shippensburg University
↑ Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley (1962–1985). "buddha 9276". A comparative dictionary of the Indo-Aryan languages. Londinii: Oxford University Press. Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. p. 525
↑ Stephen Laumakis, An Introduction to Buddhist philosophy (2008), p. 4.
↑ Hoc est sacrarium etiam pro Hinduicis, qui credunt Buddham esse nonum ex decem Dashavataris Vishnus.
↑ Nagendra Kumar Singh (1997). "Buddha as depicted in the Puranas". Encyclopaedia of Hinduism, Volume 7. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.. pp. 260–275. ISBN 9788174881687 .
↑ L. S. Cousins (1996), "The dating of the historical Buddha: a review article," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (3)6(1): 57–63.
↑ Vide consensum in commentationibus a maioribus eruditis scriptis in The Date of the Historical Śākyamuni Buddha, ed. A. K. Narain (Novi Dellii: B. R. Publishing Corporation, 2003), ISBN 81-7646-353-1.
↑ "As is now almost universally accepted by informed Indological scholarship, a re-examination of early Buddhist historical material . . . necessitates a redating of the Buddha's death to between 411 and 400 BCE" —Paul Dundas, The Jains, ed. 2a., (Routledge, 2001), p. 24.
↑ "Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha". UNESCO .
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20121031180234/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-astamahapratiharya-buddhist-pilgrimage-sites/
↑ "Kapilavastu"
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20130603040336/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2204/stories/20050225001008800.htm
↑ http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/sep/16spec.htm
↑ http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2008/03/buddha-born-in-orissa-scholars.html
↑ http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/jounalvol1/pdf/orhj-3.pdf
↑ A. K. Warder, Indian Buddhism (2000), 45.
↑ Andrew Skilton, A Concise History of Buddhism (2004), 41.

Bibliographia

Ambedkar, B.R. (1957). The Buddha and His Dhamma. Bombay: People's Education Society
Armstrong, Karen (2001). Buddha. Novi Eboraci: Penguin Books
Senzaki, Nyogen; McCandless, Ruth Strout (1953). Buddhism and Zen. Novi Eboraci: Philosophical Library
Bechert, Heinz, ed. (1996). When Did the Buddha Live? The Controversy on the Dating of the Historical Buddha. Delhi: Sri Satguru
Carrithers, Michael. 1996. Der Buddha: Eine Einführung. Ditzingen: Reclam. ISBN 315003941X.
Conze, Edward. 1995. Der Buddhismus: Wesen und Entwicklung. Ed. 10a. Kohlhammer-Taschenbücher, 5. Berolini: Kohlhammer. ISBN 3170135058.
Conze, Edward, conv. (1959). Buddhist Scriptures. Londinii: Penguin Books
Ña?amoli, Bhikku (1992). The Life of the Buddha According to the Pali Canon (3rd ed.). Kandy, Taprobanes: Buddhist Publication Society
Ortner, Jon (2003). Buddha. Novi Eboraci: Welcome Books
Rahula, Walpola (1974). What the Buddha Taught (2nd ed.). Novi Eboraci: Grove Press
Robinson, Richard H.; Johnson, Willard L.; Wawrytko, Sandra A.; DeGraff, Geoffrey (1996). The Buddhist Religion: A Historical Introduction. Belmont Californiae: Wadsworth Publishing Co.
Sathe, Shriram. 1987. Dates of the Buddha. Hyderabad: Bharatiya Itihasa Sankalana Samiti.
Schneider, Ulrich. 1997. Der Buddhismus: Eine Einführung. Ed. 4a. Darmstadt: Primus Verlag. ISBN 389678501X.
Schumann, Hans Wolfgang. 2004. Der historische Buddha: Leben und Lehre des Gotama. Monaci: Hugendubel. ISBN 3896314394.
Thích Nhất Hạnh. 2006. Nimm das Leben in deine Arme: Die Lehre des Buddha über die Liebe. Monaci: Dtv ISBN 9783423342810.
Reps, Paul, et Nyogen Senzaki. 1957. Zen Flesh, Zen Bones: A Collection of Zen and Pre-Zen Writings. Novi Eboraci: Doubleday.
Zotz, Volker. 2001. Buddha mit Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten. Ed. 6a. Reinbek: Rowohlt. ISBN 3499504774.

Nexus interni

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Buttam spectant (Gautama Buddha, Shakyamuni Buddha).

Lexica biographica: Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana • Deutsche Biographie • Treccani • Store norske leksikon • • Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Biographia, apud Access to insight
Fontes critici: Buddha et Buddhismus, apud Synaptic
"What Was The Buddha Like?" a Ven S. Dhammika, apud Buddhanet

[1] Antiquissima eius mentio litteris Graecis inventa est in Clementis Alexandrini Miscellaneis 1.15.71.6, ubi legitur: εἰσὶ δὲ τῶν Ἰνδῶν οἱ τοῖς Βούττα πειθόμενοι παραγγέλμασιν. ('sunt apud Indos qui Buttae praecepta sequuntur'). De qua re vide Georgios T. Halkias, "When the Greeks Converted the Buddha: Asymmetrical Transfers of Knowledge in Indo-Greek Cultures," in Religions and Trade: Religious Formation, Transformation and Cross-Cultural Exchange between East and West, ed. Peter Wick et Volker Rabens (2014), pp.65-116: p. 93, n. 83.

[2] In litteris Devanagari hodiernis: सिद्धार्थ गौतम गौतम.

[3] Boeree, George. "An Introduction to Buddhism". Shippensburg University

[4] Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley (1962–1985). "buddha 9276". A comparative dictionary of the Indo-Aryan languages. Londinii: Oxford University Press. Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. p. 525

[5] Stephen Laumakis, An Introduction to Buddhist philosophy (2008), p. 4.

[6] Hoc est sacrarium etiam pro Hinduicis, qui credunt Buddham esse nonum ex decem Dashavataris Vishnus.

[7] Nagendra Kumar Singh (1997). "Buddha as depicted in the Puranas". Encyclopaedia of Hinduism, Volume 7. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.. pp. 260–275. ISBN 9788174881687 .

[8] L. S. Cousins (1996), "The dating of the historical Buddha: a review article," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (3)6(1): 57–63.

[9] Vide consensum in commentationibus a maioribus eruditis scriptis in The Date of the Historical Śākyamuni Buddha, ed. A. K. Narain (Novi Dellii: B. R. Publishing Corporation, 2003), ISBN 81-7646-353-1.

[10] "As is now almost universally accepted by informed Indological scholarship, a re-examination of early Buddhist historical material . . . necessitates a redating of the Buddha's death to between 411 and 400 BCE" —Paul Dundas, The Jains, ed. 2a., (Routledge, 2001), p. 24.

[UNESCO-11] "Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha". UNESCO .

[12] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20121031180234/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-astamahapratiharya-buddhist-pilgrimage-sites/

[V_and_A-13] "Kapilavastu"

[hindu1-14] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20130603040336/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2204/stories/20050225001008800.htm

[rediff1-15] ttp://www.rediff.com/news/2002/sep/16spec.htm

[16] ttp://www.srilankaguardian.org/2008/03/buddha-born-in-orissa-scholars.html

[Orissa-gov-17] ttp://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/jounalvol1/pdf/orhj-3.pdf

[18] A. K. Warder, Indian Buddhism (2000), 45.

[19] Andrew Skilton, A Concise History of Buddhism (2004), 41.

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