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    Regarding Poland, I wonder if an explanation can be made with countries that were part of the Soviet Union for a time (like eastern Poland, the Baltics, and also Ukraine), and those which were only occupied by the Red Army (East Germany, Hungary, ...). But Belarus defies that explanation.
    – o.m.
    Commented Dec 3, 2022 at 8:53
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    @o.m. Is your "Eastern Poland" the parts of pre-WWII Poland that were annexed by the Soviet Union (e.g. Brest, Lviv)? But these are not part of Poland now either. Or is it about those parts of modern Poland that were once part of the Russian empire? But those were never part of the Soviet Union.
    – Jan
    Commented Dec 3, 2022 at 10:28
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    @Jan, I was thinking of the pre-WWII areas east of the Molotov-Ribbentrop-Line. Many people from there moved westwards, and carried their memories of Soviet rule with them.
    – o.m.
    Commented Dec 3, 2022 at 15:34
  • @njuffa: AFAIK they do indeed. In summer, I head a radio news feature about Schwedt and the oil refinery there (that's where the Druzhba pipeline arrives). That refinery is the local industry, normally it handles about 1/10 of the German gasoline/diesel, and usually almost all gasoline/diesel sold in Brandenburg and Berlin is produced there. It has another connection to the Rostock port, but that can AFAIK deliver at most half of what the refinery is constructed to handle. Plus, it's not so easy since refineries are adjusted to the "local peculiarities" of the oil they handle. ...
    – cbeleites
    Commented Dec 4, 2022 at 0:21
  • ... There was a somewhat vague hope that Poland will manage to get sufficient oil via Gdansk to sell it on to Schwedt. BTW, Schwedt lost about 40 % of its inhabitants after the wall fell. New major threats of unemployment now are for sure raising lots of bad memories. Refinery plus related businesses are ≈3200 employees, Schwedt has 33.5 k inhabitants. The majority owner of the refinery is Rosneft, the German federal cartel office gave green light for Rosneft to take over the share of Shell, making Rosneft hold > 90 % share on Feb 21st, i.e. 3 days before the invasion in the Ukraine started.
    – cbeleites
    Commented Dec 4, 2022 at 0:29