Bélgia

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Karajaan Bélgia
(Basa Walanda) Koninkrijk België; (Basa Perancis) Royaume de Belgique; (Basa Jerman) Königreich Belgien Karajaan Bélgia
	Motto; Eendracht maakt macht (Basa Walanda); L'union fait la force" (Basa Perancis); Einigkeit macht stark (Basa Jerman); "Kakuatan ngaliwatan Kesatuan"
	Lagu; The "Brabançonne";
	Location of Bélgia Lokasi Bélgia (dark green) – di Eropa (light green & dark grey); – di the Uni Eropa (light green)
Ibu kota	Brussels; 50°54′N 4°32′E
wewengkon metropolitan panggedéna	Wewengkon Ibukota Brussels
Basa resmi	Walanda, Perancis, Jerman
Démonim	Urang Bélgia
Pamaréntah	Démokrasi parleméntér jeung Monarki konstitusional
Merdika
Asup ka; Uni Éropa	25 Maret 1957
Populasi
GDP (PPP)	Perkiraan 2004
Gini? (2000)	33 (sedeng) (ka-33)
HDI (2005)	0.946 (luhur) (ka-17)
Mata uang	Euro (€)1 (EUR)
Zona wanci	CET (UTC+1)
TLD Internét	.be²
Kode telepon	+32
1	Samemeh 1999: Franc Belgia.
2	Domain .eu dipake oge, babagi jeung nagara anggota Uni Eropa lianna.

Pikeun kagunaan séjén, tempo Bélgia (disambiguasi).

Karajaan Bélgia nyaéta hiji nagara di Eropa kulon kaler nu diwawatesanan ku Walanda (450 km), Jerman (167 km), Luksemburg (148 km), jeung Perancis (620 km), kalayan gurat basisir nu pondok di Laut Kalér. Belgia mangrupa salah sahiji nagara nu ngadegkeun Uni Eropa sarta jadi tempat kantor puseurna, di sagedéngeun jadi kantor puseur organisasi internasional gedé lianna, kaasup NATO.^[2] Belgia legana 30,528 kilometer pasagi (11,787 mil pasagi) sarta populasina kurang leuwih 11.5 yuta.

Artikel ieu keur dikeureuyeuh, ditarjamahkeun tina basa Inggris.
Bantuanna didagoan pikeun narjamahkeun.

Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium's two largest regions are Dutch-spéaking Flanders in the north, with 58% of the population, and the French-spéaking southern region of Wallonia, inhabited by 32%. The Brussels-Capital Region is an officially bilingual enclave within the Flemish and néar the Walloon Region, and has 10% of the population.^[3] A small German-speaking Community exists in éastern Wallonia.^[4] Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government.^[5]^[6]^[7]

The name 'Belgium' is derived from Gallia Belgica, a Roman province in the northernmost part of Gaul that was inhabited by the Belgae, a mix of Celtic and Germanic péoples.^[8]^[9] Historically, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg were known as the Low Countries, which used to cover a somewhat larger aréa than the current Benelux group of states. From the end of the Middle Ages until the seventeenth century, it was a prosperous centre of commerce and culture. From the sixteenth century until the Belgian revolution in 1830, many battles between Européan powers were fought in the aréa of Belgium, causing it to be dubbed "the battlefield of Europe"^[10] and "the cockpit of Europe"^[11] – a reputation strengthened by both World Wars. Upon its independence, Belgium éagerly participated in the Industrial Revolution,^[12]^[13] generating wéalth and also a demand for raw materials; the latter was a factor during the era of its African colonies.^[14]

Rujukan

Catetan suku

↑ "Structuur van de bevolking — België / Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest / Vlaams Gewest / Waals Gewest / De 25 bevolkingsrijkste gemeenten (2000–2006)" (asp) (dalam Basa Walanda). Belgian Federal Government Service (ministry) of Economy — Directorate-general Statistics Belgium. © 1998/2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-05-23. Archived 2007-05-28 di Wayback Machine
↑ Catetan suku: Belgia ogé mangrupa anggota atawa patali jeung loba organisasi internasional, kaasup ACCT, AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G-10, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC (observers), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNECE, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WADB (non-regional), WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC.
↑ Leclerc, Jacques , membre associé du TLFQ (2007-01-18). "Belgique • België • Belgien — Région de Bruxelles-Capitale • Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest". L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde (dalam French). Host: Trésor de la langue française au Québec (TLFQ), Université Laval, Quebec. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-18. C'est une région officiellement bilingue formant au centre du pays une enclave dans la province du Brabant flamand (Vlaams Brabant) Archived 2007-06-09 di Wayback Machine
* "About Belgium". Belgian Federal Public Service (ministry) / Embassy of Belgium in the Republic of Korea. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-21. the Brussels-Capital Region is an enclave of 162 km2 within the Flemish region. Archived 2011-10-04 di Wayback Machine
* "Flanders (administrative region)". Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia. Microsoft. 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-21. The capital of Belgium, Brussels, is an enclave within Flanders. Archived 2008-03-04 di Wayback Machine
* McMillan, Eric (October 1999). "The FIT Invasions of Mons" (PDF). Capital translator, Newsletter of the NCATA, Vol. 21, No. 7, p. 1. National Capital Area Chapter of the American Translators Association (NCATA). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (pdf) tanggal 2006-09-23. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-21. The country is divided into three increasingly autonomous regions: Dutch-speaking Flanders in the north; mostly French-speaking Brussels in the center as an enclave within Flanders; and French-speaking Wallonia in the south (plus the German-speaking Cantons de l'Est). Archived 2006-09-23 di Wayback Machine
* Van de Walle, Steven, lecturer at University of Birmingham Institute of Local Government Studies, School of Public Policy. "Language Facilities in the Brussels Periphery" (PDF). KULeuven - Leuvens Universitair Dienstencentrum voor Informatica en Telematica. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (pdf) tanggal 2007-06-26. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-21. Brussels is a kind of enclave within Flanders – it has no direct link with Wallonia. Archived 2009-06-20 di Wayback Machine
↑ "The German-speaking Community". The German-speaking Community. Diakses tanggal 2007-05-05. Archived 2007-05-30 di Wayback Machine The (original) version in German language Archived 2007-05-29 di Wayback Machine (already) mentions 73,000 instead of 71,500 inhabitants.
↑ Morris, Chris (2005-05-13). "Language dispute divides Belgium". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 2007-05-08. Archived 2008-03-25 di Wayback Machine
↑ De Ridder, Paul, Doctor in Medieval History, Royal Library of Belgium. "Linguistic Usages in Brussels before 1794". Vereniging voor Brusselse Geschiedenis (Society for History of Brussels). Diakses tanggal 2007-05-01. Archived 2007-06-25 di Wayback Machine
↑ Petermann, Simon, Professor at the University of Liége, Wallonia, Belgium — at colloquium IX^e Sommet de la francophonie — Intitiatives 2001 — Ethique et nouvelles technologies, session 6 Cultures et langues, la place des minorités, Bayreuth (2001-09-25). "Langues majoritaires, langues minoritaires, dialectes et NTIC" (dalam French). Diakses tanggal 2007-05-04. Archived 2007-10-25 di Wayback Machine
↑ Bunson, Matthew (1994). Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire (Hardcover 352pp ed.). Facts on File, New York. pp. p. 169. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/0 8160 2135 X [Paperback 512pp, ISBN 0-8160-3182-7; Revised edition (2002), Hardcover 636pp, ISBN 0-8160-4562-3]|0 8160 2135 X [Paperback 512pp, ISBN 0-8160-3182-7; Revised edition (2002), Hardcover 636pp, ISBN 0-8160-4562-3]]] Check |isbn= value (bantuan). CS1 maint: Extra text (link)
↑ Footnote: The Celtic and/or Germanic influences on and origin(s) of the Belgae remains disputed. Further reading e.g. Witt, Constanze Maria (May 1997). "Ethnic and Cultural Identity". Barbarians on the Greek Periphery? — Origins of Celtic Art. Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-06. Archived 2013-11-02 di Wayback Machine
↑ "Belgian economy". Belgium. Belgian Federal Public Service (ministry) of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation. Diakses tanggal 2007-05-21. Archived 2009-06-15 di Wayback Machine
↑ Haß, Torsten, Head of the Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences) of Kehl Library, Kehl, Germany (2003-02-17). "Rezention zu (Review of) Cook, Bernard: Belgium. A History ISBN 0-8204-5824-4" (dalam German). FH-Zeitung (journal of the Fachhochschule). Diakses tanggal 2007-05-24. die Bezeichnung Belgiens als „the cockpit of Europe” (James Howell, 1640), die damals noch auf eine kriegerische Hahnenkampf-Arena hindeutete Archived 2007-06-09 di Wayback Machine – The book reviewer, Haß, attributes the expression in English to James Howell in 1640. Howell's original phrase "the cockpit of Christendom" became modified afterwards, as shown by:
Carmont, John. "The Hydra No.1 New Series (November 1917) — Arras And Captain Satan". War Poets Collection. Napier University’s Business School. Diakses tanggal 2007-05-24. Archived 2008-05-11 di Wayback Machine – and as such coined for Belgium:
Wood, James (1907). "Nuttall Encyclopaedia of General Knowledge — Cockpit of Europe". Diakses tanggal 2007-05-24. Cockpit of Europe, Belgium, as the scene of so many battles between the Powers of Europe. Archived 2012-01-30 di Wayback Machine (See also The Nuttall Encyclopaedia)
↑ Fitzmaurice, John, at the Secretariat-General of the European Commission, teached at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (1996). "New Order? International models of peace and reconciliation – Diversity and civil society". Democratic Dialogue Northern Ireland's first think tank, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-12. Archived 2014-01-25 di Wayback Machine
↑ "Belgium country profile". EUbusiness, Richmond, UK. 2006-08-27. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-12. Archived 2009-10-07 di Wayback Machine
↑ Karl, Farah (text); Stoneking, James (course) (1999). "Chapter 27. The Age of Imperialism (Section 2. The Partition of Africa)" (PDF). World History II. Appomattox Regional Governor's School (History Department), Petersburg, VA, USA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (pdf) tanggal 2006-10-02. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-16. Archived 2007-09-25 di Wayback Machine

Sumber online umum

"Belgium". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Chicago, IL, USA. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-07. Archived 2006-11-11 di Wayback Machine
"Boordtabel" (dalam Dutch). Centre for Information, Documentation and Research on Brussels (BRIO). 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-02. Archived 2007-05-29 di Wayback Machine (mentioning other original sources)
Éntri Belgium di CIA World Factbook Retrieved on 2007-06-07.
"The Constitution". Federal Parliament Belgium. 1997-01-21. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-07. Archived 2007-06-07 di Wayback Machine
"Country Portal - Europe — Belgium". Belgian Federal Government Service (ministry) of Economy — Directorate-general Statistics Belgium. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-07. Archived 2007-07-01 di Wayback Machine
Fischer, Kathrin (1999-07-21). "Die Stellung und Rolle der deutschsprachigen Minderheit in Ostbelgien innerhalb des belgischen Nationalstaats". Kleiner Geländekurs in die EUREGIO Maas-Rhein (dalam German). Geographical Institute of the Georg-August University (Department Culture and Social Geography), Göttingen, Germany. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-13. Archived 2007-07-20 di Wayback Machine
"History of Belgium". World History at KMLA. Korean Minjok Leadership Academy (KMLA). Last revised 2007-05-30. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-02. Archived 2007-07-06 di Wayback Machine
Janssens, Rudi, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (2001-06-01). "Brusselse Thema's 8 — Taalgebruik in Brussel — Taalverhoudingen, taalverschuivingen en taalindentiteit in een meertalige stad" (pdf) (dalam Dutch and summary The Use of Languages in Brussels pp. 227–250 in English). VUBPress, Brussels ISBN 90-5487-293-4 – republished on web site of Centre for Information, Documentation and Research on Brussels (BRIO). pp. 312 pp. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-02. Archived 2007-06-05 di Wayback Machine
Leclerc, Jacques, membre associé du TLFQ (© 2006). "Belgique • België • Belgien". L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde (dalam French). Host: Trésor de la langue française au Québec (TLFQ), Université Laval, Quebec. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-02. Archived 2007-06-08 di Wayback Machine
Mnookin, Robert, Professor at HLS; Verbeke, Alain (2006-12-20). "Bye bye Belgium?". International Herald Tribune, republished by Harvard Law School. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-01. Archived 2007-03-21 di Wayback Machine – Reflections on nations and nation-state developments regarding Belgium

Bibliograpi

Arblaster, Paul (2005-12-23). A History of the Low Countries. Palgrave Essential Histories (Hardcover 312pp ed.). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/1-4039-4827-5 [Also edition (2005-12-23), Paperback 312pp, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, ISBN 1-4039-4828-3]|1-4039-4827-5 [Also edition ([[2005-12-23]]), Paperback 312pp, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, ISBN 1-4039-4828-3]]] Check |isbn= value (bantuan).
Blom, J. C. H., Dutch State Institute for War Documentation, ed.; Lamberts, Emiel, Professor in Modern History KULeuven, ed.; Kennedy, James C., translator (May 1999). History of the Low Countries (Hardcover 503pp ed.). Berghahn Books, Oxford/New York. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/1-5718-1084-6 [Also newer edition (2006-06-29), Paperback 516pp, Berghahn Books, New York, ISBN 1-84545-272-0]|1-5718-1084-6 [Also newer edition ([[2006-06-29]]), Paperback 516pp, Berghahn Books, New York, ISBN 1-84545-272-0]]] Check |isbn= value (bantuan).
Cammaerts, Émile L. (1921) [1913]. A History of Belgium from the Roman Invasion to the Present Day (357pp ed.). D. Appleton and Co, New York. OCLC 1525559 Citakan:ASIN [Also editions [1913], London, OCLC 29072911; (1921) D. Unwin and Co., New York OCLC 9625246; also published (1921) as Belgium from the Roman invasion to the present day, The Story of the nations, 67, T. Fisher Unwin, London, OCLC 2986704 Citakan:ASIN].
Cook, Bernard A., Professor of History at Loyola University New Orleans, LA, USA (c2002 or May 2004). Belgium: A History. Studies in Modern European History, Vol. 50 (Paperback 205pp ed.). Peter Lang Pub, New York. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/0-8204-5824-4 Ib. e-book (2004) NetLibrary, Boulder, CO, USA, ISBN 0-8204-7283-2 [Also print edition (2004-06-30 or 2005), ISBN 0-8204-7647-1]|0-8204-5824-4 Ib. e-book (2004) NetLibrary, Boulder, CO, USA, ISBN 0-8204-7283-2 [Also print edition ([http://isbndb.com/d/book/belgium_a_history.html 2004-06-30] or [http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?vID=67647&vLang=E&vHR=1&vUR=3&vUUR=4&vNoHB=True 2005]), ISBN 0-8204-7647-1]]] Check |isbn= value (bantuan). Archived 2006-02-12 di Wayback Machine
de Kavanagh Boulger, Demetrius C. (2001-06-28 or 2006-03-30). The History of Belgium: Part 1. Cæsar to Waterloo. Elibron Classics (Paperback 493pp ed.). Adamant Media (Delaware corporation), Boston, MA, USA. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/1-4021-6714-8 [Facsimile reprint of a 1902 edition by the author, London]|1-4021-6714-8 [Facsimile reprint of a 1902 edition by the author, London]]] Check |isbn= value (bantuan). Archived 2016-01-06 di Wayback Machine – Ib. (2001-06-28 or 2006-03-30) [1909]. Ib. Part 2. 1815-1865. Waterloo to the Death of Leopold I. Ib. (Paperback 462pp ed.). Ib. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/1-4021-6713-X [Facsimile reprint of a 1909 edition by the author, London]|1-4021-6713-X [Facsimile reprint of a 1909 edition by the author, London]]] Check |isbn= value (bantuan).
Fitzmaurice, John (March 1996). The Politics of Belgium: A Unique Federalism. Nations of the modern world (Paperback 284pp ed.). Westview Press, Boulder, CO, USA. ISBN 0-8133-2386-X. OCLC 30112536.
Kossmann-Putto, Johanna A.; Kossmann Ernst H.; Deleu Jozef H. M., ed.; Fenoulhet Jane, translator [of: (1987). De Lage Landen : geschiedenis van de Noordelijke en Zuidelijke Nederlanden. Vlaams-Nederlandse Stichting Ons Erfdeel, Rekkem] (January 1993) [1987]. The Low Countries: History of the Northern and Southern Netherlands (3rd Rev. edition Paperback 64pp ed.). Flemish-Netherlands Foundation "Stichting Ons Erfdeel", Rekkem, Belgium. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/9-0708-3120-1 [several editions in English, incl. (1997) 7th ed.]|9-0708-3120-1 [several editions in English, incl. (1997) 7th ed.]]] Check |isbn= value (bantuan).