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{{short description|Destroyer of the Royal Navy}}
{{other ships|HMS Warwick}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2017}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=HMS Warwick.jpg
|Ship caption=HMS ''Warwick''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name=HMS ''Warwick''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]], [[Hebburn]]
|Ship laid down=10 March 1917
|Ship launched=28 December 1917
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=18 March 1918
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated= 
|Ship honours=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Sunk by {{GS|U-413||2}}, 20 February 1944
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class= [[V and W-class destroyer|Admiralty W-class]] [[destroyer]]
|Ship displacement=1,100&nbsp;tons
|Ship length=*{{convert|312|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} [[length overall|oa]]
*{{convert|300|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} [[between perpendiculars|pp]]
|Ship beam={{convert|29|ft|6|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught=*{{convert|9|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} standard
*{{convert|13|ft|11|in|m|1|abbr=on}} maximum
|Ship speed={{convert|34|kn|km/h}}
|Ship propulsion= 3 Yarrow type Water-tube boilers, Brown-Curtis steam turbines, 2 shafts, {{convert|27,000|shp|abbr=on|lk=on}}
|Ship complement=110
|Ship armament=*4 × [[QF 4 inch Mk V naval gun|QF {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} L/45 Mark V guns]], mounting P Mk. I
*2 × [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|QF 2 pdr pom-pom Mk. II]]
*2 × Triple tubes for {{convert|21|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} torpedoes
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''HMS ''Warwick''''' (D25) was an [[V and W-class destroyer|Admiralty W-class]] [[destroyer]] built in 1917. She saw service in both the [[First World War|First]] and [[Second World War]]s, before being torpedoed and sunk in February 1944.

==Construction and design==
On 9 December 1916, the [[British Admiralty]] placed an order for 21 large destroyers based on the [[V and W-class destroyer#Admiralty V class|V class]], which became the [[V and W-class destroyer#Admiralty W class|Admiralty W class]].<ref name="Fried p164-5">{{harvnb|Friedman|2009|pages=164–165}}</ref> Of these ships, two, ''Warwick'' and {{HMS|Wessex|D43|2}} were to be built by the [[Tyneside]] shipbuilder [[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]].<ref name="Engp83">{{harvnb|English|2019|p=83}}</ref>

''Warwick'' was {{convert|312|ft|m|1}} [[length overall|long overall]] and {{convert|300|ft|m|1}} [[length between perpendiculars|between perpendiculars]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|26|ft|6|in|m}} and a [[Draft (ship)|draught]] of between {{convert|10|ft|9|in|m}} and {{convert|11|ft|11+1/2|in|m|2}} depending on load. [[Displacement (ship)|Displacement]] was {{convert|1100|LT|t|lk=in}} standard,<ref name="preston p102,5,7">{{harvnb|Preston|1971|pages=102, 105, 107}}</ref> and up to {{convert|1490|LT|t}} deep load.<ref name="conways06 p83-4">{{harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|pages=83–84}}</ref> Three oil-fed [[Yarrow boiler]]s raising steam at {{convert|250|psi}} fed Brown-Curtis geared [[steam turbines]] which developed {{convert|27,000|shp|kW}}, driving two screws for a maximum designed speed of {{convert|34|kn|lk=in}}.<ref name="preston p102,5,7"/><ref name="LentV1 p23">{{harvnb|Lenton|1970|page=23}}</ref> The ship carried {{convert|368|LT|t}} of oil giving a range of {{convert|3500|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|15|kn}}.<ref name="preston p102,5,7"/>

''Warwick''{{'}}s main gun armament consisted of four [[QF 4 inch Mk V naval gun|4-inch Mk V QF guns]] in four single mounts on the ship's centerline.  These were disposed as two forward and two aft in superimposed firing positions.  A single [[QF 3-inch 20 cwt|QF 3-inch (76 mm) 20 cwt]]{{#tag:ref|"Cwt" is the abbreviation for [[hundredweight]], 20 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.|group=lower-alpha}} anti-aircraft gun was mounted aft of the second funnel.  Aft of the 3-inch gun, she carried six 21-inch torpedo tubes mounted in two triple mounts on the center-line.<ref name="preston p102,5,7"/><ref name="conways06 p83-4"/> ''Warwick'' was one of 13 V and W-class destroyers converted for minelaying during the First World War, with rails for up to 66 mines fitted.<ref name="Fried p155">{{harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=155}}</ref>

''Warwick'' was [[keel laying|laid down]] at Leslie's [[Hebburn]] shipyard on 10 March 1917. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 28 December 1917 and completed 18 March 1918.<ref name="pres p105">{{harvnb|Preston|1971|p=105}}</ref> She was the sixth ship with the name ''Warwick'' to be commissioned into the Royal Navy.<ref>{{harvnb|Colledge|Warlow|2006|p=381}}</ref>

==Service history==

===First World War===
[[File:The Second Raid on Ostend, 10 May 1918 Q22846.jpg|thumb|In dock after striking a mine following the second attempt to block the ship canal channel during the second raid on Ostend, 10 May 1918]]
''Warwick'' commissioned on 21 February 1918, joining the [[Sixth Destroyer Flotilla]], part of the [[Dover Patrol]], seeing action in the last months of the [[First World War]].<ref name="Engp91"/> She took part in the [[Zeebrugge Raid|raid on Zeebrugge]] on the night of 22/23 April, the attempt by the RN to blockade Germany's [[U-boat]] force stationed in [[Flanders]], acting as [[flagship]] of [[Vice-Admiral]] [[Roger Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes|Roger Keyes]].<ref name="navop5p249">{{harvnb|Newbolt|1931|p=249}}</ref><ref name="zeep130">{{harvnb|Terry|1919|p=130}}</ref> ''Warwick'' help to lay [[smoke screen]]s to cover the assault forces, and then covered the withdrawal of the small craft carrying the survivors of the crews of the block ships.<ref name="zeep1306">{{harvnb|Terry|1919|pp=130, 165–166}}</ref><ref name="navop5p2634">{{harvnb|Newbolt|1931|pp=263–264}}</ref> She also participated in the second [[Second Ostend Raid|raid on Ostend]] on 10 May, again serving as Keyes' flagship.<ref name="navop52689">{{harvnb|Newbolt|1931|pp=268–269}}</ref> As the force withdrew, ''Warwick'' came alongside the badly damaged Motor Launch ''ML254'', packed with survivors of the blockship {{HMS|Vindictive|1897|2}} and took off the survivors from the blockship and the crew of ''ML 245'', before scuttling the Motor Launch.<ref name="navop5p2723">{{harvnb|Newbolt|1931|pp=272–273}}</ref> As ''Warwick'' set a course away from Ostend, she struck a German [[Naval mine|mine]] and was heavily damaged, breaking her back, and had to be towed back to [[Dover]] by {{HMS|Velox|D34|2}} and {{HMS|Whirlwind|D30|2}}.<ref name="navop5p273">{{harvnb|Newbolt|1931|p=273}}</ref><ref name="zeep185">{{harvnb|Terry|1919|p=185}}</ref><ref name="pres p24">{{harvnb|Preston|1971|p=24}}</ref>

''Warwick'' was present at [[Scapa Flow]] in November 1918 when the [[Grand Fleet]] received the surrender of the German [[High Seas Fleet]] at the end of the war.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

===Inter-war years===
Following the completion of repairs from mine damage, ''Warwick'' recommissioned into the [[14th Destroyer Flotilla]] on 12 January 1919.<ref name="Engp91"/> In March 1919, the Royal Navy's destroyer forces were reorganised, with ''Warwick'' joining the new [[First Destroyer Flotilla]], operating as part of the [[Atlantic Fleet (United Kingdom)|Atlantic Fleet]].<ref name="Engp91"/><ref name="pres p35">{{harvnb|Preston|1971|p=35}}</ref> From 25 June to 18 August 1919, ''Warwick'' was deployed to the [[Baltic Sea]] as part of the [[British campaign in the Baltic (1918–1919)|British Baltic campaign]] during the [[Russian Civil War]], and returned again from 7 November to 30 December 1919.<ref name="Engp91"/> In 1921, the destroyer forces of the Royal Navy were again reorganised, changing from flotillas of a [[Destroyer leader|leader]] and 16 destroyers to flotillas of one leader and eight destroyers, as the 17-ship flotillas were too large to easily manage. ''Warwick'' remained part of the new, smaller First Destroyer flotilla.<ref name="presp356">{{harvnb|Preston|1971|pp=35–36}}</ref> In June 1922, ''Warwick'' carried out patrols on [[Lough Foyle]], between [[Northern Ireland]] and the [[Republic of Ireland]], stopping a steamer, the ''Cragbue'', on passage from [[Moville]] to [[Londonderry Port]], so that police could search the ship and her passengers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Destroyer in Lough Foyle: A Steamer Searched |newspaper=[[The Times]] |date=2 June 1922 |issue=43047 |page=8}}</ref> On 26 September 1922, as the [[Chanak Crisis]] threatened war between Britain and Turkey, the First Destroyer Flotilla, including ''Warwick'', left England for the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]], arriving at [[Çanakkale]] on 4 October,<ref>{{harvnb|Halpern|2011|p=401}}</ref> remaining there until March 1923.<ref name="Engp91"/> On 26 June 1924, ''Warwick'' took part in the [[Fleet review#George V|Fleet Review]] at [[Spithead]] by King [[George V]], leading the First Destroyer Flotilla in the absence of the normal leader {{HMS|Wallace|1918|2}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=The King and The Fleet: Spithead Review |newspaper=The Times |date=26 July 1924 |issue=43714 |pages=13–14}}</ref>

In January 1926, ''Warwick'' recommissioned into the [[5th Destroyer Flotilla]].<ref name="Engp91"/> On 6 January 1927, ''Warwick'' along with the destroyers {{HMS|Velox|D34|2}}, [[HMS Vimy|''Vancouver'']] and {{HMS|Vortigern|D37|2}}, escorted the battlecruiser {{HMS|Renown|1916|2}} carrying [[George VI of the United Kingdom|The Duke]] and [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Duchess of York]] at the start of the Royal couple's tour of Australia and New Zealand.<ref>{{cite news |title=Departure from Portsmouth |newspaper=The Times |date=7 January 1927 |issue=44473 |pages=12, 14}}</ref> In June–July 1929, the 5th Destroyer Flotilla, including ''Warwick'' accompanied the [[2nd Cruiser Squadron]] on a tour of the Baltic.<ref>{{cite news |title=Naval, Military, And Air Force.: Cruise to the Baltic |newspaper=The Times |date=12 June 1929 |issue=45227 |page=8}}</ref> In November 1930, ''Warwick'' was relieved in the 5th Flotilla by {{HMS| Vesper||2}}, with Warwick going into reserve at [[Chatham Dockyard|Chatham]].<ref name="Engp71">{{harvnb|English|2019|p=71}}</ref><ref name="times7131">{{cite news |title=Naval, Military, And Air Force: Destroyer Changes |newspaper=The Times |date=7 January 1931 |issue=45714 |page=6}}</ref> In January 1931, ''Warwick'' was ordered to replace {{HMS|Valhalla|1917|2}} in the [[6th Destroyer Flotilla]],<ref name="times7131"/> but on 30 March 1931, she re-entered reserve at [[Sheerness Dockyard|Sheerness]], and underwent a refit during which her boilers were retubed from August 1931 to January 1932.<ref name="Engp91"/> After this refit, ''Warwick'' recommissioned into the 5th Destroyer Flotilla.<ref name="Engp91"/> On 31 January 1934, ''Warwick'' was in collision with the destroyer {{HMS|Vortigern|D37|2}} off [[Gibraltar]], with both ships slightly damaged.<ref name="Engp91"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Telegrams in Brief |newspaper=The Times |date=2 February 1934 |issue=46668 |page=11}}</ref>  In October 1934,{{#tag:ref|July according to English.<ref name="Engp91"/>|group=lower-alpha}} ''Warwick'' was replaced in the 5th Flotilla by the newly completed destroyer {{HMS|Echo|H23|2}},<ref>{{cite news |title=The Services: Royal Navy: The Destroyer Warwick |newspaper=The Times |date=14 November 1934 |issue=46911 |page=19}}</ref> and after being refitted at [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport]] between 22 October and 9 November that year, went into reserve at Devonport.<ref name="Engp91"/> ''Warwick'' was re-commissioned into the reserve fleet on 14 July 1939.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Warwick (''Dev''.) |magazine=The Navy List |date=September 1939 |page=349 |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/92719534 |access-date=3 February 2024 |via=National Library of Scotland}}</ref>

===Second World War===
By the time of the [[Second World War]], it was recognised that the V- and W-class destroyers were unsuitable for front-line fleet operations and they were deployed on anti-submarine and convoy escort duties.<ref>{{harvnb|Preston|1971|pp=60–61}}</ref> In September 1939 ''Warwick'' was allocated to the [[11th Destroyer Flotilla]], based at Devonport and part of [[Western Approaches Command]].<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2021|p=2}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Preston|1971|p=59}}</ref> On 16 September 1939, ''Warwick'' rescued 11 survivors from the steamer {{SS|Aviemore|1920|2}}, which had been sunk by the German submarine {{GS|U-31|1936|2}}.<ref>{{cite web |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |title=HMS Warwick (D 25): Destroyer of the Admiralty V & W class |website=uboat.net |url=https://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4267.html |access-date=4 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kindell |first=Don |title=Naval Events September 1939 (Part 2 of 2): Friday 15th - Saturday 30th |date=7 April 2012 |work= British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day |publisher=naval-history.net |url=https://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-3909-06SEP02.htm |access-date=4 February 2024}}</ref> In February 1940 she was deployed to the Western Approaches Escort Force for [[Battle of the Atlantic|Atlantic convoy defence]]. In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors.

In May 1940, ''Warwick'' was deployed for operations off the Norwegian coast during the [[Norwegian campaign]], before returning to convoy duties based out of [[Liverpool]] at the end of the month.<ref name="Engp91"/> On 15–16 June 1940, Warwick and the destroyer {{HMS|Witch|D89|2}} reinforced the escort of the convoy US.3, consisting of the troopships {{ship|RMS|Andes|1939|2}}, {{ship|RMS|Aquitania||2}}, {{ship|RMS|Empress of Britain|1930|2}}, {{ship|RMS|Empress of Canada|1920|2}}, {{ship|RMS|Mauretania|1938|2}} and {{ship|RMS|Queen Mary||2}}, carrying 14,000 Australian and New Zealand troops on the last part of the convoy's voyage to Britain.<ref>{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=19}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Miller|Hutchings|1985|p=22}}</ref> On 30 August 1940, ''Warwick'' stood by the liner {{SS|Volendam||2}} after the liner, carrying 321 British children being evacuated to Canada, had been torpedoed by {{GS|U-60|1939|2}}.<ref name="Engp91"/><ref>{{harvnb|Blair  ''Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters'' 2000|p=184}}</ref> In November 1940, with the formation of distinct escort groups, she joined 7 [[Escort Group|EG]].<ref name="Engp91"/> On 23 December 1940, ''Warwick'' was mined in the Mersey Channel and badly damaged, having to be beached.<ref name="Engp91"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Kindell |first=Don |title=Naval Events December 1940 (Part 2 of 2): Sunday 15th - Tuesday 31st |date=7 April 2012 |work= British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day |publisher=naval-history.net |url=https://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4012-25DEC02.htm |access-date=4 February 2024}}</ref> Repairs were slow, and she did not leave Liverpool until April 1942.<ref name="Engp91"/>

In May 1942, ''Warwick'' was deployed to the [[West Indies]] for operations in the [[Caribbean]], operating from [[Curaçao]] and [[Trinidad]] until August, and then operated out of New York until December that year.<ref name="Engp91"/>

In December ''Warwick'' returned to Britain. From 26 January to 21 June 1943, she was converted to a long-range escort at [[Dundee]].<ref name="Engp91"/> One of the ship's boilers was removed to allow extra fuel capacity, thus sacrificing speed for endurance and range and extra accommodation. A heavy depth charge armament was fitted, with 96 charges carried, which could be dropped in 14-charge patterns and a [[Hedgehog (weapon)|Hedgehog]] anti submarine mortar fitter, with two 4-inch guns removed in compensation. A [[Type 271 radar]] was fitted above the ship's bridge.<ref>{{harvnb|English|2019|pp=54–55}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=247}}</ref>

In July 1943 ''Warwick'' was on anti-submarine duties in the [[Bay of Biscay]], supporting [[Operation Musketry]], the Royal Air Force Coastal Command's Bay offensive.<ref name="navhist"/> In late September to early November 1943, the destroyer took [[Operation Alacrity]], the establishment and supply of Allied air bases in the [[Azores]] which served to close the [[Mid-Atlantic gap]], with ''Warwick'' escorting convoys carrying airmen and supplies to set up the air bases.<ref name="Engp91"/><ref>{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=238}}</ref> From 25 November 1943 to 13 January 1944, ''Warwick'' was refitted at a commercial yard in [[Grimsby]].<ref name="Engp91"/>

In January 1944, having returned to Britain, ''Warwick'' was assigned to lead an escort group operating in the [[Southwest Approaches]], guarding against attacks by German [[E-boat|S-boats]] and submarines.<ref>{{harvnb|Rayner|1955|p=179}}</ref> On 19 February 1944, ''Warwick'', under the command of [[Commander (Royal Navy)|Commander]] [[Denys Rayner]], and the destroyer {{HMS|Scimitar|H21|2}} were ordered from [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport]] to hunt a submarine that had been reported near [[Trevose Head]]. On 20 February, ''Warwick'' was hit on the [[stern]] by a torpedo fired by the German submarine {{GS|U-413||2}},{{#tag:ref|''Warwick'' was hit by an [[G7es torpedo|acoustic torpedo]] according to Roskill,<ref>{{harvnb|Roskill|1960|p=293}}</ref> and a pattern-running circling torpedo according to Blair.<ref name="blairp496">{{harvnb|Blair ''Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted'' 2000|p=496}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} {{convert|20|nmi|mi km|abbr=on}} southwest of Trevose Head.<ref name="Engp91">{{harvnb|English|2019|p=91}}</ref> ''Warwick'' sank in minutes, after her after engine room bulkhead collapsed.<ref name="Engp91"/> Sixty-seven of ''Warwick''{{'}}s crew were killed,<ref name="Engp91"/><ref name="kempp229">{{harvnb|Kemp|1999|p=229}}</ref> with 93 survivors being rescued.<ref name="kempp229"/><ref name="navhist">{{cite web |last=Mason |first=Geoffrey B. |title=HMS Warwick (D 25) - V & W-class Destroyer, including Convoy Escort Movements |work=Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2 |publisher=Naval-History.net |date=11 July 2011 |url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-09VW-Warwick.htm |access-date=13 June 2021}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|There were 94 survivors according to English.<ref name="Engp91"/>|group=lower-alpha}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

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* {{cite book |last=Preston |first=Antony |title='V & W' Class Destroyers 1917–1945 |publisher=Macdonald |location=London |year=1971 |oclc=464542895}}
* {{cite book |last1=Raven |first1=Alan |last2=Roberts|first2=John |title='V' and 'W' Class Destroyers |publisher=Arms & Armour |location=London |year=1979 |series=Man o'War |volume=2 |isbn=0-85368-233-X|name-list-style=amp }}
* {{cite book |last=Rayner |first=Denys |title=Escort: The Battle of the Atlantic |year=1955 |edition=Second |location=London |publisher=William Kimber }}
* {{cite book |last1=Rohwer |first1=Jürgen |last2=Hümmelchen |first2=Gerhard |title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two |publisher=Greenhill Books |location=London |year=1992 |isbn=1-85367-117-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Roskill|first=S.W.|title=The War at Sea, Volume III Part I|publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office|location=London|year=1960}}
* {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Peter C. |title=Naval Warfare in the English Channel 1939–1945 |year= 2021 |location=Barnsley, UK |publisher=Pen & Sword Maritime |isbn=978-1-52679-189-4}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Terry |editor-first=C. Sanford |title=Ostend and Zeebrugge 23 April – 19 May 1918: the Dispatches of Vice-Admiral Sir Roger Keyes and Other Narratives of the Operations |year=1919 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/ostendzeebruggea00terruoft |oclc=543493}}
* {{cite book |last=Whinney |first=Bob |title=The U-boat Peril: A Fight for Survival |publisher=Cassell |year=2000 |isbn=0-304-35132-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/uboatperilfightf0000whin }}
* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War 2|publisher=Naval Institute Press|date=1988|isbn=0-87021-326-1|location=Annapolis, Maryland}}
* {{cite book|last=Winser|first=John de D.|title=B.E.F. Ships Before, At and After Dunkirk|publisher=World Ship Society|location=Gravesend, Kent|year=1999|isbn=0-905617-91-6}}

==External links==
* [http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-09VW-Warwick.htm  HMS Warwick at naval-history.net]
* [http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4267.html HMS Warwick at uboatnet]

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{{V and W class destroyer}}
{{December 1940 shipwrecks}}
{{February 1944 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Warwick}}
[[Category:V and W-class destroyers of the Royal Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Tyne]]
[[Category:1917 ships]]
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[[Category:World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in December 1940]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in February 1944]]
[[Category:February 1944 events in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean]]

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