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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:HS Erinpura.jpg|300px|HS Erinpura]]
|Ship caption=''Erinpura'' as a First World War [[hospital ship]]
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Ship country= [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
|Ship flag                = {{shipboxflag|UK|civil}}
|Ship name                = ''Erinpura''
|Ship namesake            = [[Erinpura]]
|Ship owner               = [[British India Steam Navigation Company|British India Steam Nav Co]]
|Ship operator            = 
|Ship registry            = [[Glasgow]]
|Ship route               = 
|Ship ordered             = 
|Ship builder             = [[William Denny and Brothers|William Denny & Bros]], [[Dumbarton]]
|Ship original cost       = £108,606
|Ship yard number         = 945
|Ship way number          = 
|Ship laid down           = 
|Ship launched            = 9 October 1911
|Ship completed           = 6 December 1911
|Ship commissioned        = 
|Ship decommissioned      = 
|Ship christened          = 
|Ship acquired            = 
|Ship maiden voyage       = 
|Ship in service          = 
|Ship out of service      = 
|Ship identification      = *UK [[official number]] 312998
*[[Code letters]] KPWS (until 1933)
*{{ICS|Kilo}}{{ICS|Papa}}{{ICS|Whiskey}}{{ICS|Sierra}}
*[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]] MVJ (until 1933)
*Call sign GJWN (from 1934)
*{{ICS|Golf}}{{ICS|Juliet}}{{ICS|Whiskey}}{{ICS|November}}
|Ship fate                = Sunk by air attack, 1 May 1943
|Ship notes               = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header              = 
|Header caption           = 
|Ship class               = E-class [[ocean liner]]
|Ship tonnage             =*{{GRT|5128}}
*{{NRT|2759}}
*4,750 [[Deadweight tonnage|DWT]]
|Ship displacement        = 
|Ship length              = {{convert|411.0|ft|2|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam                = {{convert|52.5|ft|2|abbr=on}}
|Ship height              = 
|Ship draught             = {{convert|23|ft|5|in|2|abbr=on}}
|Ship depth               = {{convert|24.7|ft|2|abbr=on}}
|Ship decks               = 2
|Ship deck clearance      = 
|Ship sail plan           = 
|Ship power               = *1,059 [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]
*6,657 [[Horsepower#Indicated horsepower|IHP]]
|Ship propulsion          = *Two [[Marine steam engine#Marine steam engine|triple expansion engines]];
*Two screws
|Ship speed               = {{convert|16.7|kn|km/h}}
|Ship capacity            =*Passengers:
*51 first class
*39 second class
*2,359 deck
|Ship crew                =*26 Officers
*84 Ratings
|Ship notes               = 
|Ship armament            = 
}}
|}

'''SS ''Erinpura''''' was an E-class [[ocean liner]] of the [[British India Steam Navigation Company]], built in 1911. She was the first British India ship built for Eastern service to be fitted with radio.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} She served in both World Wars. Enemy action in 1943 sank her in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] with great loss of life.

==Building==
[[William Denny and Brothers]] built ''Erinpura'' in [[Dumbarton]], Scotland, for £108,606.<ref name=POHeritage>{{cite web |url= https://www.poheritage.com/Upload/Mimsy/Media/factsheet/93124ERINPURA-1911pdf.pdf |title=Erinpura (1911) |work=Ship Fact Sheet |publisher=P&O Heritage |access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref> Her yard number was 945. She was launched on 9 October and completed on 6 December. She was named after [[Erinpura]], a village in [[Rajasthan]].

''Erinpura'' had twin [[Propeller|screws]]. Each was driven by a three-cylinder [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|triple expansion engine]]. Between them the two engines developed a total of 1,059 [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]<ref name=LR30>{{cite book |url= https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/30/30b0386.pdf |year=1930 |title=Lloyd's Register |chapter=Steamers & Motorships |volume=II |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register |via=[[Southampton City Council]] |access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref> or 6,657 [[Horsepower#Indicated horsepower|IHP]], giving her a speed of {{convert|16.7|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=POHeritage/>

Her owners [[Ship registration|registered]] ''Erinpura'' at [[Glasgow]]. Her UK [[official number]] was 312998 and her [[code letters]] were KPWS.<ref name=LR30/> By 1914 she was equipped for [[wireless telegraphy]]. Her [[Maritime call sign|call sign]] was MVJ.<ref>{{cite book |author=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |author-link=Marconi Company |year=1914 |title=The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony |place=London |publisher=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |page=390}}</ref>

''Erinpura'' was one of seven [[sister ship]]s called the E-class. Four different shipyards built them for the Bay of Bengal – Singapore Straits service. Her sisters were ''Ellenga'', ''Edavana'', ''Elephanta'', ''Egra'', ''Ellora'' and ''Ekma''. ''Erinpura'' was the sixth to be completed.<ref name=POHeritage/> The E class was one of the most successful, profitable and longest-lasting in the history of [[British Raj|British India]].{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

==First World War==
''Erinpura'' was a [[Troopship|troop ship]] early in the [[World War I|First World War]], carrying troops from [[Karachi]] to [[Marseille]], and then to Sanniya in [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia]] (now [[Iraq]]). On 24 December 1914 she ran aground in the [[Red Sea]] on Muhanrah Bar, off the [[Hanish Islands]], en route to [[Abadan, Iran|Abadan]]. She sustained some damage, but was able to return to [[Mumbai|Bombay]].<ref name=POHeritage/>

She made several more trooping voyages until becoming a [[hospital ship]] in August 1915, supporting the [[Indian Expeditionary Force]] with 475 beds and 104 medical staff. She served on the [[Basra]] – Bombay Service, and from November 1917 was used as an ambulance transport.<ref name=POHeritage/>

==Between the wars==
[[File:HMS Topaze (1903) IWM Q 021861.jpg|thumb|When ''Erinpura'' grounded in 1919, {{HMS|Topaze|1903|6}} rescued her passengers and troops.]]
On 15 June 1919 ''Erinpura'' again ran aground in the Red Sea, this time on the Mushejera Reef. The {{sclass|Topaze|cruiser}} {{HMS|Topaze|1903|6}} took off her passengers and troops and took them to [[Aden Colony|Aden]]. Attempts to free ''Erinpura'' failed, and in 1920 bad weather moving her to and fro on the reef damaged her hull. In September 1920 her owners decided to have her cut in two just forward of her bridge. Her bow was left stuck on the reef, and the rest of the ship was towed to Aden.<ref name=POHeritage/>

Dennys built a new bow in Dumbarton and sent it to Bombay. In 1921 ''Erinpura'' was towed to Bombay, where her new bow was fitted. In 1923 she returned to service, based in the [[Bay of Bengal]].<ref name=POHeritage/>

In 1934 there was an international reorganisation of code letters and wireless call signs. ''Erinpura'' was given the new call sign GJWN, which also superseded her original code letters.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/34/34b0284.pdf |year=1934 |title=Lloyd's Register |chapter=Steamers & Motorships |volume=II |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register |via=Southampton City Council |access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref>

==Second World War==
In 1938 ''Erinpura'' was called up during the [[Munich Agreement|Sudetenland crisis]].{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} In March 1940 she was requisitioned for the Liner Division.<ref name=POHeritage/> She continued to operate in the [[Indian Ocean]] until April 1943, when she passed through the [[Suez Canal]] to the Mediterranean, where she steamed from [[Alexandria]] to [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and back.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hague |first=Arnold |url= http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=ERINPURA~armain |title=Port Arrivals / Departures |work=Arnold Hague Ports Database |publisher=Don Kindell, ConvoyWeb |access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref>

On 29 April 1943 ''Erinpura'' left Alexandria in Convoy MW 27 to [[Siege of Malta (World War II)|Malta]]. [[Sea captain|Captain]] PV Cotter commanded ''Erinpura'', which was the Commodore's ship for the convoy. She was carrying more than 1,000 troops,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.25thlondon.com/erinpura.htm |last=Parker-Galbreath |first=Simon |title=S.S. Erinpura |work=25th County of London Cyclist Battalion, The London Regiment |access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref> including [[Basutoland|Basuto]] and [[Tswana people|Batswanan]] members of the [[African Auxiliary Pioneer Corps]], and [[Mandatory Palestine|Palestinian Jewish]] soldiers of 462 Transport Company of the [[British Army]].<ref name=SAMHS>{{cite journal |url= http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol085nc.html |last=Clothier |first=Norman |title=The Erinpura: Basotho Tragedy |journal=Military History Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |publisher=The South African Military History Society |access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref>

She was one of 20 merchant ships in MW 27, along with her sister ship ''Egra'' and two other British India SN Co ships. Six [[Royal Navy]] [[destroyer]]s, four [[Hellenic Navy]] destroyers and two Royal Navy [[minesweeper]]s escorted the convoy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hague |first=Arnold |url= http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=MW.27!~miscmain |title=Convoy MW.27 |work=Shorter Convoy Series |publisher=Don Kindell, ConvoyWeb |access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref>

On the evening of 1 May 1943, German bomber aircraft attacked the convoy {{convert|30|nmi|km}} north of [[Benghazi]]. The ships took evasive action and returned fire. A [[Heinkel He 111]] torpedoed a [[British Tanker Company|BTC]] tanker, the {{GRT|8466}} ''British Trust'', which caught fire and sank in three minutes, killing 10 of her crew.<ref name=SAMHS/>

In the next wave of the attack, a bomb hit ''Erinpura'' in one of her forward holds, causing her to list to starboard and sink within four or five minutes. The [[Defensively equipped merchant ship|DEMS]] crew of her [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt AA gun|12-pounder anti-aircraft gun]] continued to return fire until she sank. More than 800 people aboard ''Erinpura'' were killed. Accounts differ as to numbers, but one counts the dead as 633 Basuto pioneers, 140 Palestinian Jewish soldiers, 11 Batswanan pioneers, 54 of ''Erinpura''{{'}}s Indian [[lascar]] crew, six DEMS gunners and two engineer officers.<ref name=SAMHS/>

==Monument==
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2021}}
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 12298 SS Erinpura memorial on mount herzl.jpg|thumb|Memorial on [[Mount Herzl]]]]
There is a monument on [[Mount Herzl]] to the 140 Jewish soldiers who drowned aboard ''Erinpura''. The monument is shaped like a ship containing a central pool, on the bottom of which are the names of the fallen. Above the pool is a turret adorned with the Hebrew text of [[Psalm 68]], verse 22: "The Lord said, I will bring again from Bashan, I will bring my people again from the depths of the sea."

In the [[Hebrew calendar]] the day on which ''Erinpura'' sank is 26 [[Nisan]], a day before [[Yom HaShoah]]. The memorial ceremony is therefore held every year on [[Yom HaShoah]]. Also, a ceremony is held every [[Yom HaZikaron]] by the ''Modi'in'' [[Jerusalem]] chapter of the [[Hebrew Scouts Movement in Israel]] at the ''Erinpura'' monument, which is attended by the chapter graduates, families of fallen soldiers from ''Modi'in'', and the general public.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url= http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?58986 |last1=Vleggeert |first1=Nico |last2=Allen |first2=Tony |title=SS Erinpura (+1943) |work=Wrecksite |date=1 May 2016}}

{{coord|32|40|N|19|53|E|display=title}}
{{1919 shipwrecks}}
{{May 1943 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Erinpura, SS}}
[[Category:Ships of the British India Steam Navigation Company]]
[[Category:1911 ships]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1919]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in May 1943]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Clyde]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea]]
[[Category:Hospital ships in World War I]]
[[Category:Troop ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War I merchant ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War II merchant ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by German aircraft]]

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Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WPSHIPS utilities (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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