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==Availability==
==Availability==


Production volumes of both SSD (PCIe) and DIMM form factors are expected to reach market in 2016,<ref>{{citation| url = http://www.anandtech.com/show/9541/intel-announces-optane-storage-brand-for-3d-xpoint-products | title = Intel Announces Optane Storage Brand For 3D XPoint Products | first = Ryan| last = Smith | quote = products will be available in 2016, in both standard SSD (PCIe) form factors for everything from Ultrabooks to servers, and in a DIMM form factor for Xeon systems for even greater bandwidth and lower latencies. As expected, Intel will be providing storage controllers optimized for the 3D XPoint memory | date = 18 August 2015| work = www.anandtech.com }}</ref><ref name="ee1"/> and the anticipated price per bit is higher than NAND and lower than DRAM.<ref name="Projected price">{{citation|url= http://hardware.slashdot.org/story/15/07/28/1830202/intel-and-micron-unveil-3d-xpoint-memory-1000x-speed-and-endurance-over-flash |quote= Intel's Rob Crooke explained, You could put the cost somewhere between NAND and DRAM. |Date= 2015-07-28}}</ref>
Production volumes of both SSD (PCIe) and DIMM form factors are expected to reach market in 2016,<ref>{{citation| url = http://www.anandtech.com/show/9541/intel-announces-optane-storage-brand-for-3d-xpoint-products | title = Intel Announces Optane Storage Brand For 3D XPoint Products | first = Ryan| last = Smith | quote = products will be available in 2016, in both standard SSD (PCIe) form factors for everything from Ultrabooks to servers, and in a DIMM form factor for Xeon systems for even greater bandwidth and lower latencies. As expected, Intel will be providing storage controllers optimized for the 3D XPoint memory | date = 18 August 2015| work = www.anandtech.com }}</ref><ref name="ee1"/> and the anticipated price per bit is higher than NAND and lower than DRAM.<ref name="Projected price">{{|url=http://hardware.slashdot.org/story/15/07/28/1830202/intel-and-micron-unveil-3d-xpoint-memory-1000x-speed-and-endurance-over-flash|= |Date=2015-07-28}}</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==

Revision as of 20:04, 19 August 2015

3D XPoint, (pronounced three dee cross point[1]) is a non-volatile memory technology announced by Intel and Micron in July 2015. Storage density is claimed to be similar to flash memory, durability higher, and operating speed slower than dynamic RAM.[2] Bit storage is based on a change of bulk resistance, in conjunction with a stackable cross-gridded data access array.

History

Development of 3D XPoint began around 2012.[3] Though both Intel and Micron had developed other non-volatile phase change memory (PCM) technologies previously;[note 1] Mark Durcan of Micron said 3D XPoint architecture differs from previous offerings, and uses materials that are faster and more stable.[5]

Description

3D XPoint uses electrical resistance and is bit addressable.[6] Developers have not released details of the technology as of 2015, though it is "not based on electrons," and could speculatively be based on phase change memory.[7] Similarities to the resistive random-access memory under development by Crossbar Inc. have been noted, but 3D XPoint storage physics is different.[3] 3D XPoint developers indicate that it is based on "changes in resistance of the bulk material.”[3][8]

Claimed operating speed and write durability are both up to 1,000 times higher than flash memory.[9][10][11][12] Individual data cells do not need a transistor, so packing density will be 8-10 times greater than DRAM, and similar to NAND.[6][13]

Small quantities of 128 Gbit chips were made initially in 2015 at a wafer fab in Lehi, Utah, operated by IM Flash Technologies LLC. Each chip stacks two 64 Gbit planes.

Availability

Production volumes of both SSD (PCIe) and DIMM form factors are expected to reach market in 2016,[14][3] and the anticipated price per bit is higher than NAND and lower than DRAM.[15]

Notes

  1. ^ Intel and Numonyx presented 64 Gb stackable PCM chips in 2009.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ "3D XPoint™ Technology Revolutionizes Storage Memory", www.youtube.com (video, infomercial), Intel
  2. ^ Lucas Mearian (29 July 2015). "The new memory from Intel and Micron will do to SSDs what SSDs did to disk drives". Computerworld. The new memory is still about five to eight times slower than DRAM. It's not as fast as DRAM, so it's not going to replace it in the most latency-valued applications
  3. ^ a b c d Clarke, Peter (28 July 2015), "Intel, Micron Launch "Bulk-Switching" ReRAM", www.eetimes.com
  4. ^ McGrath, Dylan (28 Oct 2015), "Intel, Numonyx claim phase-change memory milestone", www.eetimes.com
  5. ^ Clarke, Peter (31 July 2015), "Patent Search Supports View 3D XPoint Based on Phase-Change", www.eetimes.com
  6. ^ a b "Intel, Micron reveal Xpoint, a new memory architecture that could outclass DDR4 and NAND - ExtremeTech". ExtremeTech.
  7. ^ Neale, Ron (14 Aug 2015), "Imagining What's Inside 3D XPoint", www.eetimes.com
  8. ^ Clarke, Peter (28 July 2015), "Intel, Micron Launch "Bulk-Switching" ReRAM", www.eetimes.com, "The switching mechanism is via changes in resistance of the bulk material," was all Intel would add in response to questions sent via email.
  9. ^ "Intel, Micron debut 3D XPoint storage technology that's 1,000 times faster than current SSDs". CNET. CBS Interactive.
  10. ^ "3D Xpoint memory: Faster-than-flash storage unveiled". BBC News.
  11. ^ Stephen Lawson (28 July 2015). "Intel and Micron unveil 3D XPoint -- a new class of memory". Computerworld.
  12. ^ Gordon Mah Ung (28 July 2015). "Intel, Micron announce new 3D XPoint memory type that's 1,000 times faster than NAND". PCWorld.
  13. ^ "2015: 3D XPoint Technology". p. last slide, lower left chart, titled performance and density.
  14. ^ Smith, Ryan (18 August 2015), "Intel Announces Optane Storage Brand For 3D XPoint Products", www.anandtech.com, products will be available in 2016, in both standard SSD (PCIe) form factors for everything from Ultrabooks to servers, and in a DIMM form factor for Xeon systems for even greater bandwidth and lower latencies. As expected, Intel will be providing storage controllers optimized for the 3D XPoint memory
  15. ^ slashdot http://hardware.slashdot.org/story/15/07/28/1830202/intel-and-micron-unveil-3d-xpoint-memory-1000x-speed-and-endurance-over-flash. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |Date= ignored (|date= suggested) (help)


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