Genista

Genista
	French broom
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Genisteae
Genus:	Genista; L. (1753)
Species
	144; see text
Synonyms
	Argelasia Fourr. (1868); Asterocytisus Schur ex Fuss (1866); Avornela Raf. (1838); Chamaespartium Adans. (1763); Chamaesparton Fourr. (1868); Corniola Adans. (1763); Cytisanthus O.Lang (1843); Dendrospartum Spach (1845); Drymospartum C.Presl (1845); Enantiosparton K.Koch (1869); Euteline Raf. (1838); Genistella Ortega (1773); Genistoides Moench (1794); Lissera Adans. ex Fourr. (1868); Listera Adans. (1763); Lugaion Raf. (1838); Phyllobotrys Fourr. (1869); Pterospartum (Spach) K.Koch (1853); Saltzwedelia G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. (1800); Scorpius Moench (1794), nom. illeg.; Syspone Griseb. (1843); Telinaria C.Presl (1845), nom. superfl.; Teline Medik. (1787); Voglera G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. (1800);

Genista /dʒɛˈnɪstə/^[2] is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, native to open habitats such as moorland and pasture in Europe and western Asia. They include species commonly called broom, though the term may also refer to other genera, including Cytisus and Chamaecytisus. Brooms in other genera are sometimes considered synonymous with Genista: Echinospartum, Retama, Spartium, Stauracanthus, and Ulex.

Description

They are mainly deciduous shrubs and trees, often with brush-like foliage, often spiny to deter browsing, and masses of small, pea-like yellow blooms which are sometimes fragrant.^[3] Many of the species have flowers that open explosively when alighted on by an insect, the style flying through the upper seam of the keel and striking the underside of the insect, followed by a shower of pollen that coats the insect.^[4]

The name of the Plantagenet royal line, which reigned in England from 1154 to 1485, is derived from this genus, being a dialectal variation of planta genista.^[5]

Several species are widely cultivated for their often sweet-smelling, abundant blooms early in the season, though many are not fully hardy. The cultivar 'Porlock' has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.^[6]

Species

144 species are currently accepted.^[1] Genista includes the following species:^[7]^[8]^[9]

Genista abchasica Sachokia
Genista acanthoclada DC.
Genista aetnensis (Biv.) DC.—Mount Etna broom
Genista albida Willd.
Genista anatolica Boiss.
Genista anglica L.—petty whin, needle furze
Genista angustifolia Schischkin
Genista arbusensis Vals.
Genista aristata C. Presl
Genista armeniaca Spach
Genista aspalathoides Lam.
Genista aucheri Boiss.
Genista ausetana (O. Bolòs & Vigo) Talavera
Genista balearica Porta & Rigo
Genista banatica (Simonk.) Holub
Genista benehoavensis (Bolle ex Svent.) del Arco
Genista berberidea Lange
Genista burdurensis P.E. Gibbs
Genista cadasonensis Vals.
Genista canariensis L.
Genista capitellata Coss.
Genista carinalis Griseb.
Genista carpetana Lange
Genista cephalantha Spach
Genista cinerascens Lange
Genista cinerea (Vill.) DC.
Genista clavata Poir.
Genista compacta Schischkin
Genista corsica (Loisel.) DC.
Genista cupanii Guss.
Genista depressa M. Bieb.
Genista desoleana Vals.
Genista dorycnifolia Font Quer
Genista ephedroides DC.
Genista falcata Brot.
Genista fasselata Decne.
Genista ferox Poir.
Genista flagellaris Sommier & Levier
Genista florida L.
Genista fukarekiana Micevski & E. Mey.
Genista gasparrinii (Guss.) C. Presl
Genista germanica L.
Genista haenseleri Boiss.
Genista halacsyi Heldr.
Genista hassertiana (Bald.) Buchegger
Genista hillebrandtii H. Christ
Genista hirsuta M. Vahl
Genista hispanica L.
Genista holopetala (Koch) Bald.
Genista humifusa L.
Genista hystrix Lange
Genista ifniensis Caball.
Genista involucrata Spach
Genista januensis Viv.
- subsp. januensis Viv.
- subsp. lydia (Boiss.) Kit Tan & Ziel.
Genista juzepczukii Tzvelev
Genista kolakowskyi Sachokia
Genista libanotica Boiss.
Genista linifolia L.—flax broom
Genista lobelii DC.
Genista lucida Cambess.
Genista maderensis (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe
Genista majorica Canto & M.J. Sanchez
Genista melia Boiss.
Genista michelii Spach
Genista micrantha Ortega
Genista microcephala Coss. & Durieu
Genista microphylla DC.
Genista millii Boiss.
Genista mingrelica Albov
Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S. Johnson—French broom, cape broom, Montpellier broom
Genista morisii Colla
Genista mugronensis Vierh.
Genista nevadensis (Esteve & Vara) Rivas Mart., Asensi, Molero Mesa & F. Valle
Genista nissana Petrovic
Genista numidica Spach
Genista obtusiramea Spach
Genista osmariensis Coss.
Genista oxycedrina Pomel
Genista paivae Lowe
Genista parnassica Halacsy
Genista pilosa L.
Genista polyanthos Willk.
Genista pseudopilosa Coss.
Genista pulchella Vis.
Genista quadriflora Munby
Genista radiata (L.) Scop.
Genista ramosissima (Desf.) Poir.
Genista sagittalis L.
Genista sakellariadis Boiss. & Orph.
Genista salzmannii DC.
Genista sanabrensis Valdes Brem. & al.
Genista sandrasica Hartvig & Strid
Genista sardoa Vals.
Genista scorpius (L.) DC.—aulaga
Genista scythica Pacz.
Genista segonnei (Maire) P.E. Gibbs
Genista sericea Wulfen
Genista sessilifolia DC.
Genista sibirica L.^[10]
Genista spachiana Webb^[11]
Genista spartioides Spach
Genista spinulosa Pomel
Genista splendens Webb & Berthel.^[12]
Genista stenopetala Webb & Berthel.—sweet broom, Easter broom
Genista suanica Schischkin
Genista subcapitata Pancic
Genista sulcitana Vals.
Genista sylvestris Scop.
- var. pungens (Vis.) Rehder
- var. sylvestris Scop.
Genista taurica Dubovik
Genista tejedensis (Porto & Rigo) C. Vicioso
Genista tenera (Murray) Kuntze
Genista teretifolia Willk.
Genista tetragona Besser
Genista thyrrena Vals.
Genista tinctoria L.—dyer's broom, woodwaxen
- var. ovata (Waldst. & Kit.) F. W. Schultz
- var. tinctoria L.
Genista toluensis Vals.
Genista tournefortii Spach
Genista transcaucasica Schischkin
Genista triacanthos Brot.
Genista tricuspidata Desf.
Genista tridens (Cav.) DC.
Genista tridentata L.
Genista ulicina Spach
Genista umbellata (L'Hér.) Poir.
Genista valentina (Spreng.) Steud.
Genista verae Juz.
Genista versicolor Boiss.

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved:^[9]

Genista abyssinica Briq.
Genista acquinoctialis Briq.
Genista acutiflora Pau
Genista acutifolia Spach
Genista aegyptiaca Spreng.
Genista aequinoctialis Briq.
Genista affghanica Briq.
Genista africana Briq.
Genista albanica F.K.Mey.
Genista alpicola Schur
Genista alpina (Mill.) Spach
Genista amana Rech.f.
Genista amarella Lepech.
Genista americana Spach
Genista anabaptizata Briq.
Genista andreana Puiss.
Genista apetala Spach
Genista aphylla DC.
Genista aprutia C.Presl
Genista arabica (Decne.) Briq.
Genista arborea Spreng.
Genista arborea Rouy
Genista arborescens Mill. ex Spach
Genista arcuata W.D.J.Koch
Genista argentea (L.) Noulet
Genista armata Poir.
Genista artwinensis Schischk.
Genista ascendens Briq.
Genista austriaca (L.) Scheele
Genista bakeri Briq.
Genista bakeria Briq.
Genista balansae (Boiss.) Rouy
Genista ballii Briq.
Genista barbara Munby
Genista benehoavensis (Bolle) del Arco
Genista bisflorens (Host) Rouy
Genista bivonae C.Presl
Genista bocchierii Bacch., Brullo & Feoli Chiapella
Genista bourgaei Spach ex Nyman
Genista bracteolata Link
Genista britannica Rchb.
Genista brugnieri Spach
Genista brutia Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.
Genista caballeroi Pau ex Caball.
Genista caespitosa K.Koch
Genista calcicola Schur
Genista calycina Briq.
Genista capensis Spach
Genista cappadocica Spach
Genista cassia Boiss.
Genista catalaunica (Webb) Rouy
Genista cazorlana Debeaux & E.Rev.
Genista charegia Coss. ex Batt.
Genista cilentina Vals.
Genista cineria DC.
Genista cirtensis Pomel
Genista collina Briq.
Genista commixta Spach
Genista compressa Sol. ex A.Cunn.
Genista congesta (Willd.) Poir.
Genista connata Briq.
Genista contaminata Poir.
Genista cordifolia Porta
Genista coriacea Kit.
Genista cosoniaca Bernardin ex Gand.
Genista cossoniana Batt.
Genista cotinifolia Burm.f.
Genista crassifolia Briq.
Genista crebrispina Pomel
Genista cretica (L.) Spach
Genista crotalarioides Briq.
Genista csikii Kümmerle & Jáv.
Genista cupani Guss.
Genista cuspidata (Cav.) Spach
Genista cuspidosa DC.
Genista cytisoides Spach
Genista dasycarpa Ball
Genista daurica G.Nicholson
Genista defoliata Lam.
Genista delarbrei Lecoq & Lamotte
Genista demarcoi Brullo, Scelsi & Siracusa
Genista densa Poir.
Genista discolor Webb ex Lowe
Genista disperma Spach
Genista divaricata Link
Genista dorycnioides Briq.
Genista dumetorum G.Nicholson
Genista duriaei Spach
Genista echinata Sennen
Genista eckloniana Briq.
Genista elias-sennenii Uribe-Ech. & Urrutia
Genista elliptica (Willd. ex Spreng.) Steud.
Genista elliptica Kit.
Genista elongata Scheele
Genista elongata (Waldst. & Kit.) E.H.L.Krause
Genista emirnensis Briq.
Genista ephedrifolia Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange
Genista ericetorum Hoffmanns. ex Spreng.
Genista erinacea Gilib.
Genista erinaceoides (Loisel.) Vierh.
Genista eriocarpa Kunze
Genista europaea E.H.L.Krause
Genista exaltata Link ex DC.
Genista filifolia Licht. ex Walp.
Genista filiformis Briq.
Genista flaccida Briq.
Genista foliolosa Link
Genista formosa Carrière
Genista fragrans Spach
Genista friedrichsthaliana C.Presl
Genista fritschii Rech.
Genista frutescens Schloss. & Vuk.
Genista gaditana Rouy
Genista galioides Spach
Genista gasparini C. Presl
Genista genuensis Pers.
Genista glabra Spach
Genista gracilis Poir.
Genista gracilis Spach
Genista grandiflora (DC.) Spach
Genista grossii Font Quer
Genista gymnoptera Duby ex Nyman
Genista halleri Reyn. ex DC.
Genista harveyi Briq.
Genista herbacea Lam.
Genista hillebrandii Christ
Genista hirta Rouy
Genista hybrida E.H.L. Krause
Genista hypericifolia Herb. ex Colla
Genista incana Briq.
Genista incerta Friv. ex Griseb.
Genista incubacea Schur
Genista inermis Gilib.
Genista inermis Pančić
Genista infesta G.Don
Genista inops Boiss. & Balansa
Genista insularis Bacch., Brullo & Feoli Chiapella
Genista interrupta (Cav.) Steud.
Genista italica Lodd. ex G.Don
Genista jacquiniana Scheele
Genista jaubertii Spach
Genista jimenezii Pau ex Munuera
Genista jordani Shuttlew. ex Rouy & Fouc.
Genista jordanii Shuttlew.
Genista juasi Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
Genista juncea Scop.
Genista kabylica Coss. ex Batt.
Genista kochii Rouy
Genista kotschyi Briq.
Genista laburnum (L.) E.H.L.Krause
Genista lampropphylla Spach
Genista lanigera Spach
Genista laricifolia Burm.f.
Genista leptophylla Spach
Genista lipskii (Novopokr. & Schischk.) Novopokr. & Schischk.
Genista longirostrata Sennen
Genista lunaris Briq.
Genista macrobotrys (Maire & Sennen) Sennen
Genista madoniensis Raimondo
Genista maroccana Briq.
Genista martinii Verguin & Soulie
Genista mauritiana Pau & Sennen
Genista microsoma Briq.
Genista millani Caball.
Genista milli Heldr. ex Boiss.
Genista minima Bubani
Genista minor Lam.
Genista minor Guillon ex Verl.
Genista moesiaca Velen.
Genista mogadorensis Pau
Genista moleroi Talavera & P.E.Gibbs
Genista mollis (Cav.) DC.
Genista montbretii Spach
Genista multibracteata Tausch
Genista multicaulis Lam.
Genista myrtifolia Burm.f.
Genista nervata Hoppe ex Griseb.
Genista nigricans (L.) Scheele ex Briq.
Genista nigricans (L.) E.H.L.Krause
Genista nitens (Willd.) Steud.
Genista nitida Formánek
Genista nodosa Tausch
Genista notarisii Rouy
Genista nubigena Link
Genista nuda (Willd.) Steud.
Genista obsoleta (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Briq.
Genista odorata Moench
Genista odoratissima Spach
Genista odoratissima Pourr.
Genista oliverii Spach
Genista orientalis Spach
Genista ornithopodioides (Jaub. & Spach) Briq.
Genista ottomanica Formánek
Genista ovina Bacch., Brullo & Feoli Chiapella
Genista palmatiformis Maire & Sennen, in Sennen
Genista palmiformis (Sennen & Mauricio ex Maire) Maire & Sennen
Genista parviflora Brot.
Genista parvifolia G.Don
Genista pauciflorum Briq.
Genista pedunculata L'Hér.
Genista peloponnesiaca Spach
Genista pendulina Lam.
Genista persica Poir.
Genista pestalozzae Boiss.
Genista petitiana (A.Rich.) Briq.
Genista philippi Lindl.
Genista phrygia Bornm.
Genista pichisermolliana Vals.
Genista pilocarpa Link
Genista pinastrifolia Spach
Genista polygalaefolia DC.
Genista polygalaephylla Brot.
Genista polyphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Briq.
Genista polysperma Briq.
Genista polytricha Spach
Genista pomeli Mares & Vigineix
Genista pomeliana Maire
Genista pomelii Marès & Vigin.
Genista postranensis Formánek
Genista pratensis Pollini
Genista pseudoumbellata Caball.
Genista pteroclada (Boiss.) Spach
Genista pulverulenta Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
Genista pungens Poir.
Genista purpurea (Scop.) E.H.L.Krause
Genista ramentacea (Sieber) Briq.
Genista ratisbonensis (Schaeff.) E.H.L.Krause
Genista raymundi Maire & Sennen, in Sennen & Mauricio
Genista retama G.Nicholson
Genista rhodophon Webb ex Delile
Genista rhodorhizoides Webb & Berthel.
Genista richteri Rouy
Genista rigens C.Presl
Genista rosea (Jaub. & Spach) Briq.
Genista rostrata Poir.
Genista salditana Pomel
Genista salesii Sennen
Genista salicifolia Dippel
Genista sauzeana (Burnham & Briq.) Rouy
Genista schimperiana (Hochst.) Briq.
Genista scolopendria Spach
Genista scolopendrina Willk.
Genista scoparia (L.) Lam.
Genista scoparia Chaix
Genista scopolii Rouy
Genista scorpia St.-Lag.
Genista scorpionia St.-Lag.
Genista sennenii Font Quer ex Sennen
Genista sepiaria Lam.
Genista sessiliflora Briq.
Genista sigeriana Fuss
Genista silana Brullo, Gangale & Spamp.
Genista sophoroides Spach
Genista spathulata Spach
Genista sphaerocarpa (L.) Lam.
Genista spicata Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn.
Genista spiniflora Lam.
Genista stenocarpa Janka
Genista stenophylla Schur
Genista stipulacea (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Briq.
Genista stylosa (Spreng.) G.Don
Genista subsecunda Schur
Genista subsericans (Bornm.) Rech.f.
Genista supranubia (L.f.) Spach
Genista syriaca (Boiss. & Blanche) Boiss. & Blanche
Genista tamarrutii Caball.
Genista tchihatchewi Boiss.
Genista tenella Willk.
Genista tenorei G.Don
Genista tenorii Steud.
Genista tenorii G. Don
Genista tenuispina Samp.
Genista thebaica Spach
Genista thyrsiflora G.Nicholson
Genista tomentella Boiss. & Noë
Genista tomentosa Poir.
Genista transsilvanica Schur
Genista trigonelloides (Jaub. & Spach) Briq.
Genista tripolitana Bornm.
Genista triquetra (Lam.) L'Hér.
Genista triquetra Willd.
Genista triquetra Waldst. & Kit.
Genista tyrrhena Vals.
Genista undulata Link
Genista uniflora (Decne.) Briq.
Genista valdes-bermejoi Talavera & L.Sáez
Genista valsecchiae Brullo & De Marco
Genista velutina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Briq.
Genista versiflora Tausch
Genista villosa Lam.
Genista villosa Spach
Genista vulgaris Garsault
Genista vulgaris Gray
Genista vuralii A.Duran & Dural
Genista walpersiana Briq.
Genista weldeniana Scheele
Genista zeyheri Briq.

Hybrids

The following hybrids have been described:^[9]

Genista ×altoportillensis Egido & Puente García
Genista ×arizagae Elorza et al.
Genista ×fritschii Rech.
Genista ×martinii Verg. & Soulié
Genista ×norpalentina J.M.Aparicio et al.
Genista ×oweniana auct.
Genista ×rivasgodayana J.Andrés & Llamas
Genista ×segurae Uribe-Ech. & Urrutia
Genista ×uribe-echebarriae Urrutia

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Genista L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
^ Sunset editors (1995). Sunset Western Garden Book, Revised and Updated Version. Little Rock, Arkansas: Leisure Arts. p. 624. ISBN 978-0376038517. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
^ Brickell C. (2008). A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley in association with the Royal Horticultural Society. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
^ Willis JC (1985). A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns (8th ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 1294. ISBN 978-0521313957.
^ Roupell A. (1849). "Plate IV. Liparia spherica". Specimens of the Flora of South Africa by a Lady. London, England: W. Nicol, Shakespeare Press. p. 17. OCLC 228733208.
^ "Genista 'Porlock'". RHS. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
^ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Genista". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
^ USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Genista". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The Plant List entry for Genista". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
^ Some sources treat Genista sibirica as a synonym of Genista tinctoria.
^ Some sources treat Genista spachiana as a synonym of Genista stenopetala.
^ Some sources treat Genista splendens as a synonym of Teline linifolia.

Media related to Genista at Wikimedia Commons

[powo-1] Genista L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 31 August 2023.

[2] Sunset editors (1995). Sunset Western Garden Book, Revised and Updated Version. Little Rock, Arkansas: Leisure Arts. p. 624. ISBN 978-0376038517. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)

[3] Brickell C. (2008). A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley in association with the Royal Horticultural Society. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.

[4] Willis JC (1985). A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns (8th ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 1294. ISBN 978-0521313957.

[5] Roupell A. (1849). "Plate IV. Liparia spherica". Specimens of the Flora of South Africa by a Lady. London, England: W. Nicol, Shakespeare Press. p. 17. OCLC 228733208.

[6] "Genista 'Porlock'". RHS. Retrieved 9 July 2020.

[7] "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Genista". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 11 April 2014.

[8] USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Genista". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2014.

[PlantList-9] "The Plant List entry for Genista". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2014.

[10] Some sources treat Genista sibirica as a synonym of Genista tinctoria.

[11] Some sources treat Genista spachiana as a synonym of Genista stenopetala.

[12] Some sources treat Genista splendens as a synonym of Teline linifolia.

[1]