How to encrypt a file in Windows 11

Even though Windows 11 has you covered with comprehensive security features, you may want additional safeguards to keep your files private and secure. File encryption is another powerful tool for your protection. Learn more about encryption and how easy it is to encrypt your files and folders in Windows 11.

What is file encryption?

There are many ways to protect your files, including requiring a password to access your devices. Encryption takes that protection further. When you encrypt a file, its content is scrambled, making it undecipherable without a unique security certificate. As long as you’re signed into a Windows device, your file will open and operate normally because the security certificate is attached to your account. If someone tries to open this file without being logged in to your Windows account, it will be unreadable.

What are the benefits of encrypting a file?

This extra level of protection is especially useful to protect files that are shared online via email, chat, etc. These channels may be more prone to hacking or cyberattacks, but your encrypted files will be unreadable by any malicious actors. If you’re sending sensitive financial or personal data, encryption keeps that information more secure.

How do I encrypt files and folders in Windows 11?

Whether you want to learn how to encrypt an Excel spreadsheet, a Word document, or an entire folder, Windows 11 makes it easy. Follow these steps to encrypt a file or folder:

1. Right-click on the icon for the file or folder you’d like to encrypt.
2. Select Properties.
3. Near the bottom of the Properties window, select Advanced.
4. Check the box beside Encrypt contents to secure data.
5. Select Apply.
6. You’ll be given a choice of whether encryption should be applied to related folders and files. After you decide, select Okay.
7. Select Apply again at the bottom of the Properties window.
8. Your file or folder is now encrypted and accompanied by a lock icon.
9. To unencrypt, follow these same steps and uncheck the box beside Encrypt contents to secure data.

If the option to Encrypt contents to secure data is unavailable (meaning it’s gray and you’re unable to check the box), encryption may not be enabled or available on your device. If that’s the case, read this guide to learn how to turn on encryption in Windows 11.

How do I back up security certificates for encrypted files?

Encryption is wonderfully secure, which is why you’ll want to have a backup of the security certificates that allow you to access encrypted files and folders. These backups come in handy if your device fails, is stolen, or is somehow wiped. Follow these steps to create a backup:

1. Enter “certificate” into the Windows search box.
2. Choose Manage computer certificates.
3. Select Personal > Certificates. Your available certificates will appear in the right-side pane.
4. At the top of the window, navigate to Action > All Tasks > Export.
5. You now have the option to save these certificates on a USB, external device, or in the cloud for safekeeping.
6. To use these certificates in the future on a new device, follow the above steps, but choose Import.

Encrypting files is one more way Windows 11 keeps your digital life secure. For tips, tricks, and insights to get the most out of Windows 11, head to the Windows Learning Center.