Khoàⁿ "Kharkiv"--ê goân-sí lōe-iông

←Kharkiv

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{{Infobox Settlement|official_name=Kharkiv|timezone_DST=EEST|population_as_of=2021年|population_total=1433886|population_metro=2,032,400|population_density_km2=4500|timezone=EET|utc_offset=+2|utc_offset_DST=+3|established_date=1654 nî|coordinates={{coord|50|0|16|N|36|13|53|E|type:city_region:UA|display=inline,title}}|elevation_m=152|postal_code=61001—61499|blank_name=[[Chhia-pâi hō-bé]]|blank_info=AX, KX, ХА (kū ·ê), 21 (kū ·ê)|website=http://www.city.kharkov.ua|area_total_km2=350|established_title=Kián-siâⁿ sî-kan|native_name={{lang|uk|Харків}}<small> (Ukraina-gí) <br></small>{{lang|ru|Харьков}}<small> (Lō͘-se-a-gí) </small>|pushpin_map=|image_skyline=Будинок держпромисловості 3.jpg|imagesize=290px|image_caption=|image_flag=Kharkiv-town-flag.svg|image_shield=Coat of arms of Kharkiv.svg|shield_size=90px|pushpin_map_caption=|leader_name=Hennadiy Kernes|subdivision_type=Kok-ka|subdivision_name={{UKR}}|subdivision_type1=Chiu|subdivision_name1=[[Kharkiv Chiu]]|subdivision_type2=Khu|subdivision_name2=Kharkiv Khu|leader_title=Chhī-tiúⁿ|footnotes=}}
[[tóng-àn:Будинок держпромисловості, Харків DJI 0057.jpg|縮圖|250x250像素|Kharkiv Chū-iû Kóng-tiûⁿ]]
'''Kharkiv ('''[[Ukraina-gí]]: Харків [[Pang-chān:IPA/Ukrainian|[ˈxɑrkiu̯]]]; {{Lang-ru|Харьков}}  [[Pang-chān:IPA/Russian|[ˈxarʲkəf]]]) sī ūi-tī [[Ukraina]] tē-jī tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, ūi-tī tang-pak-pō͘, lī [[Lō͘-se-a]] kok-kài 30 kong-lí. Kharkiv mā sī thoân-thóng tē-lí-khu [[Sloboda Ukraine]] ê hú-siâⁿ, í-ki̍p [[Kharkiv Chiu]] kap [[Kharkiv Khu]] ê [[hêng-chèng tiong-sim]]. Jîn-kháu 140 bān lâng.

== Le̍k-sú ==
[[tóng-àn:Charkow.jpg|左|縮圖|200x200像素|1890 nî-tāi ê Kharkiv]]
17 sè-kí tiong-sûn, Ukraina [[Cossack]] lâng tī chia kiàn-li̍p to͘-chhī. 

=== Lō͘-se-a Tè-kok ===
1708 nî [[Pёtr 1-sè]] si̍t-si hêng-chèng kái-kek, Kharikiv tē-khu la̍p-ji̍p [[Kyiv Séng (Lō͘-se-a Tè-kok)|Kyiv Séng]]. Kharkiv is specifically mentioned as one of the towns making a part of the governorate. In 1727, Belgorod Governorate was split off, and Kharkiv moved to Belgorod Governorate. It was the center of a separate administrative unit, [[Kharkiv Regiment|Kharkiv Sloboda Cossack regiment]]. The regiment at some point was detached from Belgorod Governorate, then attached to it again, until in 1765, [[Sloboda Ukraine Governorate]] was established with the seat in Kharkiv.

[[Kharkiv Tāi-ha̍k]] 1805 nî tī Governorate-General chhòng-hāu.

=== So͘-liân sî-tāi ===
So͘-liân sî-tāi chho͘-kî, [[Bolshevik]] kā Kharkiv tòng-chò [[Ukraina Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok]] ê siú-to͘ (1917-1934), beh tùi-khòng ūi-tī [[Kiev]] ê [[Ukraina Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok]].<ref name=":0">"[https://kharkivoda.gov.ua/pro-oblast/43005 History]" (Ukraina-gí). [[Kharkiv Chiu]] Chèng-hú. 2021/3/1 cha-sûn .</ref>

1930 nî

1940 nî 4 goe̍h káu 5 goe̍h, 3,800 ê [[Starobilsk Koān|Starobilsk]] chi̍p-tiong-iâⁿ ê [[Pho-lân]] siû-hoān tī Kharkiv pì-bi̍t kéng-chhat tōa-lâu lāi-té hŏng chhú-koat, jiân-āu hŏng tâi tī [[Piatykhatky, Kharkiv|Pyatykhatky]] chhiū-nâ llāi, chē sī [[Katyn thô͘-sat]] ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn.<ref>Colin Burgess and Rex Hall (2009). [https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=rrdVPtCNL9AC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=Katyn+massacre+kharkiv+3800&source=bl&ots=5STZCF5juk&sig=ACfU3U0hzbcQliP0gdfoO2FtIisSEnD-Hw&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi3yu264KP2AhVFK6YKHbm4AIwQ6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=Katyn%20massacre%20kharkiv%203800&f=false The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives and Legacies]. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 36</ref> Hit ê só͘-chāi koh ū tâi chiok chē 1937 káu 1938 nî [[Tāi-siok-chheng]] tiong ê Ukraina siū-hāi-chiá ê si-thé.

=== Nazi Tek-kok Chiàm-niá ===
[[Tē-jī chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn]] ê sî, [[Nazi Tek-kok]] ji̍p-chhim So͘-liân ê Ukraina, [[Deutsch Kok-hông-kun|Tek-kun]] kiau [[So͘-liân Âng-kun|So͘-kun]] tī Kharkiv sio-chiàn 4 pái, thóng-chheng [[Kharkiv Chiàn-e̍k]]. 1941 nî káu 1945 nî chi-kan, Kharkiv kúi-nā pái hō͘ Tek-kok chiàm-niá. 

1941 nî káu 1942 nî, 15,000 ê [[Iû-thài-lâng]] hō͘ Tek-kok-lâng thâi-sí, bâi-chòng tī [[Drobytsky Yar]] ê chhim-kok .

2022 nî 2 goe̍h 24, [[2022 nî Lō͘-se-a ji̍p-chhim Ukraina|Lō͘-se-a kun-tūi ji̍p-chhim Ukraina]], Kharkiv pō͘-hūn tē-khu siū-tio̍h hui-tôaⁿ kong-kek.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/28/ukraine-several-killed-by-russian-rocket-strikes-in-civilian-areas-of-kharkiv "‘Horrendous’ rocket attack kills civilians in Kharkiv as Moscow ‘adapts its tactics’"] (Eng-gí) ''[[The Guardian|The Guadrian]]''. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</ref>

== Tē-lí kap Khì-hāu ==
Khairkiv tī Ukraina ê tang-pak-pō͘, [[Kharkiv Hô]], [[Lopan Hô]], [[Udy Hô]] saⁿ tiâu khe ê kàu-hōe-chhù. Khairkiv sio̍k-tī [[tâm-lūn tāi-lio̍k-sèng khì-hāu]], kôaⁿ-thiⁿ chheⁿ-léng, ē lo̍h-seh, joa̍h-thiⁿ iām-joa̍h. 1 goe̍h pêⁿ-kun un-tō͘ Liap-sī -4.6 tō͘, 7 goe̍h pêⁿ-kun un-tō͘ Liap-sī 20.3 tō͘. Nî-kun hō͘-liōng 513 mm, hō͘-kùi chú-iàu sī 6 goe̍h, 7 goe̍h.{{Weather box|location=Kharkiv (pêng-kun sò͘-kì 1981−2010 nî, ke̍k-toan sò͘-kì 1936 nî kàu-taⁿ)|May rain days=14|Jun snow days=0|May snow days=0.1|Apr snow days=2|Mar snow days=12|Feb snow days=18|Jan snow days=19|year rain days=143|Dec rain days=12|Nov rain days=13|Oct rain days=13|Sep rain days=12|Aug rain days=10|Jul rain days=13|Jun rain days=15|Apr rain days=13|Aug snow days=0|Mar rain days=10|Feb rain days=8|Jan rain days=10|precipitation colour = green|year precipitation mm=519.3|Dec precipitation mm=35.9|Nov precipitation mm=42.9|Oct precipitation mm=44.5|Sep precipitation mm=46.5|Aug precipitation mm=41.8|Jul precipitation mm=60.1|Jun precipitation mm=61.2|May precipitation mm=50.2|Apr precipitation mm=33.8|Mar precipitation mm=32.7|Jul snow days=0|Sep snow days=0.03|Jan precipitation mm=36.4|Jan sun=41.5|source 2=[[Sè-kài Khì-siōng Cho͘-chit]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210717143555/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20%282%29.xls
| archive-date = 2021-07-17
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20(2).xls
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 18 July 2021
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>|source 1=Pogoda.ru.net<ref name=weather1>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150713121649/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/34300.htm
| archive-date = 2015-07-13
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/34300.htm
| title = Weather and Climate - The Climate of Kharkiv
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| access-date = 13 December 2019
| language = ru
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>|year sun=1826.7|Dec sun=31.4|Nov sun=51.0|Oct sun=112.8|Sep sun=176.6|Aug sun=262.4|Jul sun=278.0|Jun sun=266.6|May sun=252.9|Apr sun=166.7|Mar sun=123.5|Feb sun=63.3|year humidity=73.8|Oct snow days=2|Apr humidity=65.7|Nov snow days=9|Dec snow days=18|year snow days=80|Jan humidity=85.6|Feb humidity=83.0|Mar humidity=77.3|May humidity=60.9|Dec humidity=86.5|Jun humidity=65.2|Jul humidity=65.3|Aug humidity=62.9|Sep humidity=70.2|Oct humidity=77.6|Nov humidity=85.7|Feb precipitation mm=33.3|metric first=yes|Feb high C=-1.6|Mar mean C=0.7|Feb mean C=-4.5|Jan mean C=-4.6|year high C=12.1|Dec high C=-1.1|Nov high C=3.6|Oct high C=12.0|Sep high C=19.4|Aug high C=25.7|Jul high C=26.4|Jun high C=24.3|May high C=20.8|Apr high C=14.0|Mar high C=4.3|Jan high C=-2.2|May mean C=15.5|year record high C=39.8|Dec record high C=13.4|Nov record high C=20.3|Oct record high C=29.3|Sep record high C=34.5|Aug record high C=39.8|Jul record high C=38.4|Jun record high C=39.8|May record high C=34.5|Apr record high C=30.5|Mar record high C=21.8|Feb record high C=14.6|Jan record high C=11.1|single line=yes|Apr mean C=9.2|Jun mean C=19.2|year record low C=-35.6|Nov low C=-1.5|Dec record low C=-30.8|Nov record low C=-20.9|Oct record low C=-9.1|Sep record low C=-2.9|Aug record low C=2.2|Jul record low C=5.7|Jun record low C=2.2|May record low C=-1.9|Apr record low C=-11.4|Mar record low C=-32.2|Feb record low C=-29.8|Jan record low C=-35.6|year low C=4.2|Dec low C=-5.9|Oct low C=4.3|Jul mean C=21.3|Jan low C=-7.0|Aug mean C=20.3|Sep mean C=14.4|Oct mean C=7.9|Nov mean C=0.9|Dec mean C=-3.5|year mean C=8.1|Feb low C=-7.3|Sep low C=9.8|Mar low C=-2.4|Apr low C=4.6|May low C=10.3|Jun low C=14.2|Jul low C=16.2|Aug low C=14.9|date=August 2010}}

==Bûn-hòa==
Kharkiv sī Ukraina kok-lāi chú-iàu ê bûn-hòa siâⁿ-chhī chi-it. Tī chia ū 20 ê phok-bu̍t-koán, chhiau-kòe 10 ê hì-īⁿ, koh mā ū chin-chē bí-su̍t-koán. Sî-siông lóng ū tōa-hêng ê im-ga̍k kap tiān-iáⁿ siong-koan ê oa̍h-tāng tū chia kú-hêng.

== Kau-thong ==
Kharkiv sī Ukraina siōng tōa ê chóng-lō͘-thâu chi it, hâng-khong, thih-lō͘, kong-lō͘ kau-thong.

=== Chāi-tē kau-thong ===
[[Kharkiv chia̍t-ūn]] chū 1975 nî khai-sí, bo̍k-chêng ū 3 tiâu lō͘-sòaⁿ, 30 ê chhia-chām. Kharkiv chhī-lāi mā ū kong-chhia, trolleybus, [[tram]], kap [[marshrutka]].

=== Thih-lō͘ ===
Kharkiv ê tē-it tiâu thih-ki-lō͘ 1869 nî thong-chhia, túi Kursk khí-thâu, sái káu Azov. 1901 nî Kharkiv Chhia-thâu, tān-sī tī Jī-chiàn tiong hŏng phah-pháiⁿ. Bo̍k-chêng khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê chām-thé khí tī 1952 nî. Kharkiv.

=== Hâng-khong ===
[[Kharkiv Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ]] sī Kharkiv siōng tōa ê ki-tiûⁿ, i ê tēng-kî kok-chè hâng-sòaⁿ ū kàu [[Berlin]], [[Wien]], [[Warszawa]], [[Bratislava]], [[Baku]], [[İstanbul|Istanbul]] téng-téng só͘-chāi, mā ū kùi-chiat-sèng hâng-pan kap pau-ki. Chá-chêng Kharkiv ū hâng-khong kong-si [[Aeromist-Kharkiv]], tān-sī i tī 2007 nî tò-khí. [[Kharkiv Pak Ki-tiûⁿ]] ū [[Antonov]] kong-si ê poe-lêng-ki kang-tiûⁿ.

== Chí-mōe siâⁿ-chhī ==
Kharkiv kap í-hā siâⁿ-chhī chí-mōe siâⁿ-chhī：

* [[Belgorod]], [[Lō͘-se-a]] (2001)
* [[Bologna]], [[Italia]] (1966)
* [[Brno]], [[Chesko]] (2005)
* [[Cetinje Municipality|Cetinje]], [[Montenegro]] (2011)
* [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]], [[Bí-kok]] (1989)
* [[Daejeon Kóng-he̍k-chhī]], [[Tāi-hân Bîn-kok]] (2013)
* [[Daugavpils]], [[Latvia]] (2006)
* [[Gaziantep]], [[Thó͘-ní-kî]] (2011)
* [[Geroskipou]], [[Ku-pí-lō͘]] (2018)
* [[Chè-lâm-chhī]], [[Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok|Tiong-kok]] (2004)
* [[Kaunas]], [[Lietuva]] (2001)
* [[Kutaisi]], [[Gruzia]] (2005)
* [[Lille]], [[Hoat-kok]] (1978)
* [[Maribor]], [[Slovenia]] (2012)
* [[Moscow]], [[Lō͘-se-a|Lô͘-se-a]] (2001)
* [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Lō͘-se-a]] (2001)
* [[Novosibirsk]], [[Lō͘-se-a]] (2011)
* [[Nuremberg]], [[Tek-kok]] (1990)
* [[Polis, Cyprus|Polis]], [[Ku-pí-lō͘]] (2018)
* [[Poznań]], [[Pho-lân]] (1998)
* [[Rishon LeZion]], [[Í-sek-lia̍t]] (2008)
* [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Lō͘-se-a]] (2003)
* [[Tbilisi]], [[Gruzia]] (2012)
* [[Tianjin]], [[Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok|Tiong-kok]] (1993)
* [[Tirana]], [[Albania]] (2017)
* [[Trnava]], [[Slovakia]] (2013)
* [[Varna, Bulgaria]] (1995)

== Chham-khó chu-liāu ==
<references />


 {{Reflist|30em}}
[[Lūi-pia̍t:Ukraina ê siâⁿ-chhī]]
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Tò-tńg khì Kharkiv

Lâi-goân: "https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv"