Ischial bursitis
| Ischial bursitis | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Orthopaedics |
| Symptoms | Inflammation, Pain |
| Causes | Prolonged sitting on hard surfaces |
Ischial bursitis (also known as weaver's bottom) is inflammation of the synovial bursa located between gluteus maximus muscle and ischial tuberosity.
Signs and symptoms
[edit]Ischial bursitis causes pain down the posterior aspect of the upper thigh.[1][2] There may be pain over the ischial tuberosity.[2] Chronic ischial bursitis may cause paraesthesia.[2] This pain may become immediately more severe when sitting down.[3]
Cause
[edit]Ischial bursitis is usually caused by prolonged sitting on a hard surface.[1] It may also be related to ischial apophysitis, which may be caused by exercise, particularly in young and athletic patients.[1]
Mechanism
[edit]The ischial bursa is a synovial bursa located between gluteus maximus muscle and ischial tuberosity.[4] When in a seated position, the ischial bursa is put under the highest amount of pressure, which is most significant against a hard surface.[3]
Friction from exercise can lead to inflammation of the ischial bursa, known as bursitis.[1]
Diagnosis
[edit]Ischial bursitis is usually diagnosed clinically based on symptoms. An x-ray (using injected contrast agent) may be used to identify the formation of calluses.[1]
Treatment
[edit]Ischial bursitis is usually treated conservatively. Lifestyle changes may be advised, avoiding certain exercises and sitting on hard surfaces.[1] Analgesics, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may be used to relieve pain.[1]
Ischial bursitis may be treated with medical and surgical interventions if it is persistent or particularly severe. Analgesics, anaesthetics, or triamcinolone may be injected to relieve pain.[3]
Epidemiology
[edit]Ischial bursitis is a fairly rare illness. When a patient presents with symptoms, other conditions such as a spinal disc herniation may be considered.[3]
History
[edit]Ischial bursitis is also known as "weaver's bottom" and "tailor's bottom" after professions which involve prolonged sitting on a hard surface.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h Olsen, Nicholas K.; Press, Joel M.; Young, Jeffrey L. (2011-01-01), Lennard, Ted A.; Walkowski, Stevan; Singla, Aneesh K.; Vivian, David G. (eds.), "11 - Bursae Injections", Pain Procedures in Clinical Practice (Third Edition), Saint Louis: Hanley & Belfus, pp. 77–81, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3779-8.10011-9, ISBN 978-1-4160-3779-8, retrieved 2021-03-08
- ^ a b c Guanche, Carlos A. (2012-12-01). "Proximal Hamstring Syndrome: Repair and Ischial Bursectomy". Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine. Innovations in Hip Arthroscopy. 20 (4): 333–339. doi:10.1053/j.otsm.2012.09.007. ISSN 1060-1872.
- ^ a b c d Ombregt, Ludwig (2013-01-01), Ombregt, Ludwig (ed.), "47 - Disorders of the inert structures", A System of Orthopaedic Medicine (Third Edition), Churchill Livingstone, pp. 629–649.e3, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3145-8.00047-8, ISBN 978-0-7020-3145-8, retrieved 2021-03-08
- ^ Fauci, Anthony (2010). Harrison's Rheumatology, Second Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing; Digital Edition. p. 271. ISBN 9780071741460.