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Psalm 28

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This article is about Psalm 28 in Hebrew (Masoretic) numbering. For Psalm 28 in Greek Septuagint or Latin Vulgate numbering, see Psalm 29.
Psalm 28
"Unto thee will I cry, O LORD my rock"
Other name"Exaudi vocem deprecationis meae"
LanguageHebrew (original)
Psalm 28
BookBook of Psalms
Hebrew Bible partKetuvim
Order in the Hebrew part1
CategorySifrei Emet
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part19

Psalm 28 is the 28th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Unto thee will I cry, O LORD my rock;". The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 27. In Latin, it is known by the incipit, "Exaudi vocem deprecationis meae".[1]

Psalm 28 is used in both Jewish and Christian liturgies. It has often been set to music.

Text

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Hebrew

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The following table shows the Hebrew text[2][3] of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).

Verse Hebrew English translation (JPS 1917)
1 לְדָוִ֡ד אֵ֘לֶ֤יךָ יְהֹוָ֨ה ׀ אֶקְרָ֗א צוּרִי֮ אַֽל־תֶּחֱרַ֢שׁ מִ֫מֶּ֥נִּי פֶּן־תֶּחֱשֶׁ֥ה מִמֶּ֑נִּי וְ֝נִמְשַׁ֗לְתִּי עִם־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃‎ [A Psalm] of David. Unto thee, O LORD, do I call; My Rock, be not Thou deaf unto me; Lest, if Thou be silent unto me, I become like them that go down into the pit.
2 שְׁמַ֤ע ק֣וֹל תַּ֭חֲנוּנַי בְּשַׁוְּעִ֣י אֵלֶ֑יךָ בְּנׇשְׂאִ֥י יָ֝דַ֗י אֶל־דְּבִ֥יר קׇדְשֶֽׁךָ׃‎ Hear the voice of my supplications, when I cry unto Thee, When I lift up my hands toward Thy holy Sanctuary.
3 אַל־תִּמְשְׁכֵ֣נִי עִם־רְשָׁעִים֮ וְעִם־פֹּ֢עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן דֹּבְרֵ֣י שָׁ֭לוֹם עִם־רֵעֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝רָעָ֗ה בִּלְבָבָֽם׃‎ Draw me not away with the wicked, And with the workers of iniquity; Who speak peace with their neighbours, But evil is in their hearts.
4 תֶּן־לָהֶ֣ם כְּפׇעֳלָם֮ וּכְרֹ֢עַ מַעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥ם כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְ֭דֵיהֶם תֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֑ם הָשֵׁ֖ב גְּמוּלָ֣ם לָהֶֽם׃‎ Give them according to their deeds, and according to the evil of their endeavours; Give them after the work of their hands; Render to them their desert.
5 כִּ֤י לֹ֪א יָבִ֡ינוּ אֶל־פְּעֻלֹּ֣ת יְ֭הֹוָה וְאֶל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדָ֑יו יֶ֝הֶרְסֵ֗ם וְלֹ֣א יִבְנֵֽם׃‎ Because they give no heed to the works of the LORD, Nor to the operation of His hands; He will break them down and not build them up.
6 בָּר֥וּךְ יְהֹוָ֑ה כִּי־שָׁ֝מַ֗ע ק֣וֹל תַּחֲנוּנָֽי׃‎ Blessed be the LORD, Because He hath heard the voice of my supplications.
7 יְהֹוָ֤ה ׀ עֻזִּ֥י וּמָגִנִּי֮ בּ֤וֹ בָטַ֥ח לִבִּ֗י וְֽנֶ֫עֱזָ֥רְתִּי וַיַּעֲלֹ֥ז לִבִּ֑י וּֽמִשִּׁירִ֥י אֲהוֹדֶֽנּוּ׃‎ The LORD is my strength and my shield, In Him hath my heart trusted, And I am helped; Therefore my heart greatly rejoiceth, And with my song will I praise Him.
8 יְהֹוָ֥ה עֹֽז־לָ֑מוֹ וּמָ֘ע֤וֹז יְשׁוּע֖וֹת מְשִׁיח֣וֹ הֽוּא׃‎ The LORD is a strength unto them; And He is a stronghold of salvation to His anointed.
9 הוֹשִׁ֤יעָה ׀ אֶת־עַמֶּ֗ךָ וּבָרֵ֥ךְ אֶת־נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ וּֽרְעֵ֥ם וְ֝נַשְּׂאֵ֗ם עַד־הָעוֹלָֽם׃‎ Save Thy people, and bless Thine inheritance; And tend them, and carry them for ever.

King James Version

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  1. Unto thee will I cry, O LORD my rock; be not silent to me: lest, if thou be silent to me, I become like them that go down into the pit.
  2. Hear the voice of my supplications, when I cry unto thee, when I lift up my hands toward thy holy oracle.
  3. Draw me not away with the wicked, and with the workers of iniquity, which speak peace to their neighbours, but mischief is in their hearts.
  4. Give them according to their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their endeavours: give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert.
  5. Because they regard not the works of the LORD, nor the operation of his hands, he shall destroy them, and not build them up.
  6. Blessed be the LORD, because he hath heard the voice of my supplications.
  7. The LORD is my strength and my shield; my heart trusted in him, and I am helped: therefore my heart greatly rejoiceth; and with my song will I praise him.
  8. The LORD is their strength, and he is the saving strength of his anointed.
  9. Save thy people, and bless thine inheritance: feed them also, and lift them up for ever.

Interpretation

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Charles and Emilie Briggs describe the psalm as

a prayer: (1) expostulating with Yahweh for abandoning His people in peril of death, and crying aloud for help, with hands uplifted towards the holy shrine (v.1-2); (2) urging that He discriminate between them and their enemies, visiting the latter with retribution for their deeds (v.3-4); (3) blessing Yahweh, the strength and shield, and rejoicing in Him as the refuge for king and people (v.6-8)."[4]

The Briggs suggest that it is to be dated to the reign of King Jehoiakim in "the late Babylonian period shortly before the exile", which occurred in 587 or 586 BCE.[5][6] They identify verses 5 and 9 as glosses which "give a reason for the imprecation upon enemies (verse 5) and a liturgical petition for salvation (verse 9)".[4]

Verse 5

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Because they regard not the works of the Lord, nor the operation of his hands.

In Psalm 28:5 is, according to Charles Spurgeon's exegesis, an example of general revelation: with God's hand clearly seen in nature and history. God works in creation: nature teems with proofs of his wisdom and goodness, yet atheists refuse to see him: he works in providence, ruling and overruling, and his hand is manifest in human history.[7]

Verse 8

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The LORD is their strength, and he is the saving strength of his anointed.

The Jerusalem Bible suggests that the word "anointed" here refers to the people of God consecrated to his service, and not the king or the high priest.[8]

Uses

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Judaism

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Book of Common Prayer

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In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the evening of the fifth day of the month.[10]

Musical settings

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A setting of Psalm 28 in English, "Thou art, O Lord, my strength and stay", by John Bennet was published in Richard Langdon's Divine Harmony in 1774. Heinrich Schütz wrote a setting of a paraphrase of the psalm in German, "Ich ruf zu dir, Herr Gott, mein Hort", SWV 125, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628. Felix Mendelssohn used verse 1 of Psalm 28 for a recitative in his oratorio Elijah, first performed in 1846. Alan Hovhaness set verses 1, 2, and 9 for his choir and organ work Unto Thee Will I Cry, op. 162.[11][12]

References

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  1. ^ Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 27 (28) medievalist.net
  2. ^ "Psalms – Chapter 28". Mechon Mamre.
  3. ^ "Psalms 28 - JPS 1917". Sefaria.org.
  4. ^ a b Quote from Charles Augustus Briggs; Emilie Grace Briggs (1960) [1906]. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Psalms. International Critical Commentary. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: T & T Clark. p. 245.
  5. ^ For the quote see Charles Augustus Briggs; Emilie Grace Briggs (1960) [1906]. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Psalms. International Critical Commentary. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: T & T Clark. p. 246.
  6. ^ For the date of the exile, see Arthur J. Bellinzoni. Old Testament: An Introduction to Biblical Scholarship. Prometheus Books, Publishers. p. 349. ISBN 978-1-61592-264-2.
  7. ^ Spurgeon, C., The Treasury of David: Psalm 28
  8. ^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), Footnote c at Psalm 28:8
  9. ^ The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 64
  10. ^ Church of England, Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter as printed by John Baskerville in 1762, pp. 196ff
  11. ^ "Unto Thee Will I Cry Op. 162". www.editionpeters.com. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  12. ^ "Alan Hovhaness List of Works by Opus Number". hovhaness.com. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
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