Mercedes-Benz 600

The 600 replaced the Mercedes-Benz W189 300d limousine, the final version of the W186 and W189 model 300-series company flagship produced between the early 1950s and early 1960s. It received the nickname Adenauer after Konrad Adenauer, the first Chancellor of West Germany, who employed several of these automobiles during his tenure in office.

Production began in 1964 and continued through to 1981.^[3] During this time, production totalled 2,677 units, comprising 2,190 Saloons, 304 Pullmans, 124 6-door Pullmans and 59 Landaulets.^[3]

The 600 succeeded the 1961 Mercedes-Benz W112 in using a pneumatic self-levelling suspension,^[4][5] an enhancement of the Mercedes-Benz 300d Adenauer's dashboard activated mechanical torsion bar based system. A version is incorporated in Mercedes' current Active Body Control.^{[citation needed]}

With its demise in 1981, the 600 marked the last ultra-luxury model that the brand produced in an unbroken line since the model 60 hp Simplex from 1903.^[6] The company would return to this segment some 20 years later with the Maybach 57/62, but these extremely expensive cars failed to sell in expected and necessary numbers. As a result, Daimler ended production of the Maybach brand in 2012 and has not returned to this segment.

As of 2019^[update], the Mercedes flagship is the Mercedes-Maybach S-Class, which occupies a considerably lower price bracket and is not a true successor to the 600 and earlier models. However, it is seen as a spiritual successor, since it is the first luxury Mercedes-Benz production model since the 600 to feature some bespoke design touches not available on the standard S-Class.^{[citation needed]}

The 600 came in two main variants:

• A short wheelbase 4-door saloon, available with a power divider window separating the front seats from the rear bench seat, although most were built without this feature.
• A long wheelbase 4-door "Pullman" limousine (with two additional rear-facing seats separated from the driver compartment by a power divider window, of which 304 were built), and a 6-door limousine (with two forward-facing jump-seats at the middle two doors and a rear bench-seat).

A number of the limousines were made as landaulets, with a convertible top over the rear passenger compartment. Two versions of the convertible roof were made: long roof and short roof. Of them, the short roof, which opens only above the last, third row of seats, is the more common version. Rarer, especially with the 6-door landaulets, is the long roof, called the "Presidential roof". In all, 59 landaulets were produced, and of them, only 26 were 6-door landaulets. Of these 26, only nine were 6-doors landaulets with the long Presidential-type roof. One of these nine cars was used by the former Yugoslavian president Josip Broz Tito, and it was sold in 2017 in England, for £2.5 million.^[7]

Landaulets like these were also notably used by the German government, as during the 1965 state visit of Queen Elizabeth II. The Vatican, in addition to an elongated Mercedes 300d 4-door landaulet, used for the Pope a specially designed Mercedes 600 4-door landaulet, which now resides at the Mercedes-Benz Museum in Stuttgart. Production of the landaulet versions of the 600 ended in 1980.

Mercedes also made two special 600 coupés: one as a gift for retiring long-time Mercedes chief designer Rudolf Uhlenhaut, and the other for Fritz Nallinger, head of the Mercedes research and development centre in the 1950s and 60s. These cars had a wheelbase 22 cm (8.6 inches) shorter than the SWB saloon.^{[citation needed]} A single example of a SWB 4-door landaulet, combining the handling of a short-wheelbase with the qualities of a landaulet, was built by Mercedes in 1967 for former racing driver Philipp Constantin von Berckheim.

The 600's great size, weight, and numerous hydraulically driven amenities required more power than Mercedes' largest engine at that time, the 3-litre 6-cylinder M189, could produce. A new V8 with more than twice the capacity was developed, the 6.3 L (384.4 cu in) M100. It featured single overhead camshafts (SOHC) and a Bosch-made intermittent multi point manifold injection, and developed 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp).^[8]

The 600's complex 150-bar (2,176 psi) hydraulic pressure system powered the automobile's windows, seats, sun-roof, boot lid, and automatically closing doors. Adjustable air suspension delivered excellent ride quality and sure handling over any road surface.^[9]

Famous owners of the Mercedes-Benz 600 have included the following:

• Aristotle Onassis^[10]
• Bob Jane
• Bobby Womack asserts that Janis Joplin was inspired to write her song Mercedes Benz after riding with him in his new 600^[11]
• Coco Chanel
• David Bowie^[12]
• Eric Clapton
• Elizabeth Taylor
• Elvis Presley,^[13][14] who had three 1969 models, including a 6 door Pullman.
• Frank Packer
• Florian Schneider^[15]
• George Harrison^[16]
• Herbert von Karajan^[17]
• Hugh Hefner^[18]
• John Lennon^[16]
• Jay Kay, who owned Coco Chanel's car ^[19]
• Jack Nicholson^[20]
• Jay Leno, who had his 600 (a 1972 SWB) fitted with a supercharger by Karl Middelhauve, making it the only 600 Kompressor in existence
• Jeremy Clarkson, whose car was originally supplied to an Egyptian ambassador
• Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn and Taxis^[17]
• Karen Carpenter
• Mireille Mathieu^[17]
• Pete Townshend owns a six-door version^[21]
• Ringo Starr^[22]
• Ronnie Wood
• Rowan Atkinson
• Roy Orbison^[23]
• Robert Wood Johnson III^[24]
• Udo Jürgens^[17]

• Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua bought a SWB for his wife Hope Portocarrero from the first production run.^{[clarification needed]}
• Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand^[25]
• B. J. Habibie, 3rd President of Indonesia^[26]
• Chen Yi, former Chinese Foreign Minister^[27]
• Daniel Moi^[28][29]
• Deng Xiaoping^[27]
• Deng Yingchao, wife of Zhou Enlai, the first Chinese Prime Minister^[27]
• Enver Hoxha^[30][31]
• François "Papa Doc" Duvalier^[32][33]
• Francois Tombalbaye^[34]
• Ferdinand Marcos, who owned four, including a landaulet, a 1981 bulletproof model and a six-door version^[35][36][31]
• F. W. de Klerk^[37][38]

• Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia^[39][17]
• Hassan II of Morocco, King of Morocco^[17]
• Hastings Kamuzu Banda^{[citation needed]}
• Hosni Mubarak^[40]
• Idi Amin^[41]
• Jim Fouché^[37]
• Josip Broz Tito, four 1965 LWB 6-door Pullmans, one of which was armoured, and two LWB Pullman landaulets, acquired in 1971 and 1978 respectively (both of these were of the very-rare type where the folding parade roof extends to cover 2/3rds of the vehicle top, only 9 were made with such a roof arrangement and 6 doors, and Tito was the only statesman in the world at the time who had two such cars).^[42][43]
• Jean-Bédel Bokassa^[44]
• Jean-Claude Duvalier^[45]
• John Vorster^[37]
• Jomo Kenyatta^[46]
• Khalid of Saudi Arabia^{[citation needed]}
• Kim Il Sung^[47][31]
• Kim Jong Il^[31]
• Kim Jong Un;^[48] the North Korean government have also owned a landaulet (both seen in the 65th anniversary parade in Pyongyang on October 10, 2010)
• Leonid Brezhnev^[17][49]
• Léopold Sédar Senghor, President of Senegal; the first Senegalese regime (1960–1980) under him had three 600s, a short wheel base, a long wheel base, and a Landaulet, later replaced by the W126-based Carat Limousine.^{[citation needed]}
• Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, who owned multiple 600 models including 3 landaulet models and 18 other for national guard^[17]
• Mohammed VI of Morocco^[50]
• Muhammad Zia Ul Haq,^[51] a Pakistani four-star general who served as the President of Pakistan from 1978 until his death in 1988. Also kept the same 1970 Pullman 600 as the holder of the Prime Minister Office.
• Mao Zedong, Chinese revolutionary leader^[27]
• Marais Viljoen^[37]
• Mobutu Sese Seko,^[41] dictator and president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire)^[27]
• Nico Diederichs^[37]
• Nicolae Ceaușescu^[17][31]
• Norodom Sihanouk, former King of Cambodia^[27]
• Omar Bongo President of Gabon.^[52]

• The Pope^[53]
• Park Chung Hee^[54]
• P. W. Botha^[37]
• Maharaj Ji/Prem Rawat, religious leader^{[citation needed]}
• Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug dealer, a LWB 4-door, destroyed in an attack on Escobar in 1993 in Medellín^[55]
• Robert Mugabe^{[citation needed]}
• Saddam Hussein, who owned a long-roof landaulet that was recovered after the fall of Baghdad and is today owned by the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles^[56]
• Silvio Berlusconi, Prime Minister of Italy^[57]
• Süleyman Demirel, 9th President of Turkey^[58]
• The President of Bangladesh
• Todor Zhivkov, former President of Bulgaria from 1956 to 1989. Used Government owned high-end Benz models from 300D Adenauer to 450 SEL 6.9 for daily routine, and for State visits- 1967 600 Pullman 6-door Landaulet. The 600 Landaulet is still in use today by Bulgarian Government for Special occasions and visits.^[59]
• Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto,^[51] a Pakistani politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. He kept a 1970 Pullman 600 for Prime Minister Office use.

In cinema, the Mercedes 600 was featured in several James Bond films, most notably as transport of the villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld in On Her Majesty's Secret Service and Diamonds Are Forever. In Octopussy, the villain Kamal Khan is seen leaving Sotheby's London auction house in a 600 Pullman. Near the beginning of 1978 movie Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe?, the character played by Jacqueline Bisset is abducted from Heathrow Airport in a 600 Pullman.^[60]

In a Top Gear challenge, Jeremy Clarkson compared his 1973 short-wheelbase 600 to James May's 1972 Rolls-Royce Corniche.

Technical data Mercedes-Benz 600 (W100)^[61] (Manufacturer's figures except where stated)

• Mercedes-Benz 600 – historical information at Daimler.com
• The International M-100 Group (with a car registry by serial number)
• Photos of the 1965 papal landaulet at Conceptcarz.com
• Presentation of the 600 SWB at Amelia Island, Florida - video
• Jay Leno's Garage – 1972 Mercedes-Benz 600 - video