1538 in science

	… 1528; 1529; 1530; 1531; 1532; 1533; 1534; ; 1535; 1536; 1537; 1538; 1539; 1540; 1541; ; 1542; 1543; 1544; 1545; 1546; 1547; 1548 …;
	Art; Archaeology; Architecture; Literature; Music; Philosophy; Science; +...

The year 1538 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.

Botany

William Turner's Libellus de re herbaria novus, the first essay on scientific botany in English, is published in London.

September 29–October 6 – The last significant volcanic eruption in the Phlegraean Fields of Italy creates Monte Nuovo.