2015 Portuguese legislative election

The 2015 Portuguese legislative election was held on 4 October.[1] All 230 seats of the Assembly of the Republic were in contention.

2015 Portuguese legislative election

← 2011 4 October 2015 2019 →

230 seats to the Assembly of the Republic
116 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered9,684,922 Increase0.6%
Turnout5,408,092 (55.8%)
Decrease2.2 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Pedro Passos Coelho (9298463251)cropped.jpg
António Costa em 2017.jpg
Catarina Martins, tempo de antena sobre a escola pública, Legislativas 2022 (cropped).png
Leader Pedro Passos Coelho António Costa Catarina Martins
Party PSD PS BE
Alliance PàF
Leader since 26 March 2010[a] 28 September 2014 30 November 2014
Leader's seat Lisbon[b] Lisbon Porto
Last election 132 seats, 50.4%[c] 74 seats, 28.0% 8 seats, 5.2%
Seats won 107 86 19
Seat change Decrease 25 Increase 12 Increase 11
Popular vote 2,085,465 1,747,730 550,945
Percentage 38.6% 32.3% 10.2%
Swing Decrease 11.8 pp Increase 4.3 pp Increase 5.0 pp

  Fourth party Fifth party
 
Jerónimo de Sousa (1 de Maio de 2015) (cropped).jpg
André Silva cropped.png
Leader Jerónimo de Sousa André Silva
Party PCP PAN
Alliance CDU
Leader since 27 November 2004 26 October 2014
Leader's seat Lisbon Lisbon
Last election 16 seats, 7.9% 0 seats, 1.0%
Seats won 17 1
Seat change Increase 1 Increase 1
Popular vote 445,901 75,170
Percentage 8.3% 1.4%
Swing Increase 0.4 pp Increase 0.4 pp

PSD ran alone in the Azores and Madeira.

Prime Minister before election

Pedro Passos Coelho
PSD

Prime Minister after election

Pedro Passos Coelho
PSD
(20 October - 26 November 2015)[d]
António Costa
PS

The right-wing coalition Portugal Ahead (PàF), composed of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the People's Party (CDS-PP), won the single largest vote with 38.6 percent and securing almost 47 percent of the seats in the Assembly. Compared with 2011, this was a loss of 12 points in support (although the PSD and the CDS–PP did not contest the 2011 election in coalition). On the electoral map, the coalition won every district in the North and in the Centre except Castelo Branco. They also won in the big districts of Lisbon and Porto. The map shows a clear north–south divide, with the conservative coalition winning almost everything in the North and Centre and the PS winning in the South.

The Socialist Party (PS) was the second most voted political force, winning 32.3 percent of the vote and 37 percent of the seats in the Parliament. The PS received a higher share of the vote than in 2011, but did not increase its share by as much of a margin as had been predicted by the opinion polls prior to September 2015. António Costa, former mayor of Lisbon, was not able to win the city of Lisbon, where the PS lost to PàF by a 35 to 37 percent margin. Although the PS and the other left-wing parties did win a clear overall majority in Parliament, in his concession speech Costa said that he would not support "a negative coalition" with the Left Bloc and Communist Party and that he would rather talk and negotiate with the PSD/CDS–PP coalition.[2]

The Left Bloc (BE), despite predictions by opinion polls, achieved its best result in history,[3] with more than 10 percent of the vote, becoming the third largest parliamentary group. The CDU's (Communists and Greens) share of the vote increased slightly compared to 2011, receiving 8 percent of the vote and one additional MP. The People-Animals-Nature (PAN) also elected one member of parliament becoming the first time since 1999 in which a new party entered the Assembly.[4] Voter turnout reached a new low, with just 55.8 percent of the electorate casting their ballot on election day.[3]

Passos Coelho was asked, by the President of the Republic, to form a minority government that took the oath of office on October 30, 2015. The government fell after the approval of a motion to bring it down on 10 November. On 24 November, António Costa was appointed by the President of the Republic as Prime Minister-designate. Costa was sworn in on 26 November 2015.

Background

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2011–2014 Portugal bailout management

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After the PSD/CDS–PP government was sworn in, a series of austerity policies, following the bailout deal, were enacted and created several backlash and protests.[5] In September 2012, further austerity policies led to one of the biggest demonstrations against a government in Portuguese democracy, with more than 1 million people going out to the streets across the country.[6] Because of this massive protest, the coalition government was deeply shaken and was forced to drop several policies.[7]

In the summer of 2013, another crisis in the coalition government emerged. The Finance Minister Vítor Gaspar resigned in late June 2013,[8] and Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho choose the Treasury Secretary, Maria Luís Albuquerque, to be the next Finance minister.[9] However, CDS – People's Party (CDS-PP) leader, Paulo Portas, criticized the choice of the new minister and announced his "irrevocable" resignation from the government.[10] Prime Minister Passos Coelho didn't accepted Portas's resignation and refused also to leave his office, opting, instead, to negotiate a new government organization with Portas.[11] A deal was reached a few days later, in which Portas would become deputy prime minister and with more powers on economic affairs.[12] But, President Aníbal Cavaco Silva refused to accept the deal and forced negotiations between PSD and PS, in which a deal between parties to maintain economic stability and snap elections in 2014 were on the table.[13] Despite the Presidential pressures, talks between PSD and PS fell apart and Cavaco Silva was forced to accept the PSD/CDS–PP original deal.[14]

The Social Democrats (PSD) suffered a considerable setback in the 2013 local elections by gathering just 31 percent of the votes and 106 mayors, a drop of 33 cities, while the Socialists (PS) obtained their best result till that date, 150 mayors, a gain of 18, and won almost 37 percent of the votes.[15] In May 2014, Portugal was successful in exiting the economic bailout that was negotiated in 2011.[16]

Leadership changes and challenges

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Socialist Party

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After José Sócrates resignation from the party's leadership, due to the poor result of the Socialists in the 2011 elections,[17] a snap leadership election was called to elect a new leader for 22 and 23 July 2011.[18] There were two candidates on the ballot: António José Seguro and Francisco Assis.[19] Seguro was elected by a landslide and the results were the following:

Ballot: 22 and 23 July 2011
Candidate Votes %
António José Seguro 23,903 68.0
Francisco Assis 11,257 32.0
Blank/Invalid ballots 367
Turnout 35,527
Source: Official results

The 2014 Portuguese Socialist Party prime ministerial primary was held on 28 September 2014. Following the party's disappointing result in the 2014 European elections, in which the PS got just 31 percent of the votes against the 28 percent of the PSD/CDS coalition, then Mayor of Lisbon António Costa called the results "tiny" (poucochinho), and challenged António José Seguro for the leadership.[20] It was the first open primary in the history of the party, and of Portugal, and elected the party's candidate for prime minister for the 2015 general election. In end, only two candidates ran: António José Seguro, General Secretary of the party at the time of the primary, and António Costa, mayor of Lisbon. António Costa won the primary by a landslide with 67.9 percent of the vote against the 31.7 percent of Antonio José Seguro, resulting in Seguro conceding defeat and resigning as General Secretary of the party. Thereafter, Costa was elected as the new Socialist General Secretary on 22 November 2014.[21] The results were the following:

Ballot: 28 September 2014
Candidate Votes %
António Costa 120,188 67.8
António José Seguro 55,928 31.5
Blank/Invalid ballots 1,234 0.7
Turnout 177,350 70.71
Source: Official Results

The start of António Costa's term as PS leader was, however, marred by the arrest of former Socialist Prime Minister José Sócrates on 21 November 2014, due to an inquiry which accused the former prime minister of crimes of tax fraud, money laundering and corruption.[22]

Left Bloc

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One year after the disappointing results of the party in the 2011 elections, the then Left Bloc leader, Francisco Louçã, decided to leave the leadership[23] and a party convention was held to elect a new leader. In November 2012, the party elected a dual leadership headed by João Semedo and Catarina Martins.[24]

Ballot: 30 November 2012
Candidate Votes %
João Semedo
Catarina Martins
359 76.5
João Madeira 110 23.5
Turnout 469
Source: Results

However, bad polling and election results, specially the 2014 European elections results, put pressure in the party's leadership,[25] and a new party convention, in 2014, showed a very divided party as the dual leadership of Semedo and Martins was reelected by a very slim margin. The results were the following:

Ballot: 23 November 2014
Candidate Votes %
João Semedo
Catarina Martins
266 50.8
Pedro Filipe Soares 258 49.2
Turnout 524
Source: Results

Just 7 days after the very close result in the party's convention, on 30 November 2014, João Semedo resigned as party coordinator and Catarina Martins became to sole party coordinator.[26]

Date

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Official logo of the election.

According to the Portuguese Constitution, an election must be called between 14 September and 14 October of the year that the legislature ends. The election is called by the President of Portugal but is not called at the request of the prime minister; however, the president must listen all the parties represented in Parliament and the election day must be announced at least 60 days before the election.[27] If an election is called in the middle of the legislature (Dissolution of Parliament) it must be held at least in 55 days. Election day is the same in all multi-seats constituencies, and should fall on a Sunday or national holiday. The next legislative election must, therefore, took place no later than 11 October 2015.[28] After meeting with all of the parties represented in parliament on 21 July 2015, the President Aníbal Cavaco Silva called the election for 4 October.[1]

Electoral system

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The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.[29]

The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude.[30] The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.[31]

For these elections, and compared with the 2011 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:[32]

District Number of MPs Map
Lisbon 47
Porto 39
Braga 19
Setúbal(+1) 18
Aveiro 16
Leiria 10
Coimbra, Faro, Viseu and Santarém(–1) 9
Madeira and Viana do Castelo 6
Azores and Vila Real 5
Castelo Branco and Guarda 4
Beja, Bragança, Évora 3
Portalegre, Europe and Outside Europe 2

Parties

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Parliamentary factions

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The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 12th legislature (2011–2015):

Name Ideology Political position Leader 2011 result
% Seats
PPD/PSD Social Democratic Party
Partido Social Democrata
Conservatism
Classical liberalism
Centre-right Pedro Passos Coelho 38.7%
108 / 230
PS Socialist Party
Partido Socialista
Social democracy
Progressivism
Centre-left António Costa 28.1%
74 / 230
CDS-PP CDS – People's Party
Centro Democrático e Social – Partido Popular
Christian democracy
Conservatism
Centre-right
to right-wing
Paulo Portas 11.7%
24 / 230
PCP Portuguese Communist Party
Partido Comunista Português
Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Far-left Jerónimo de Sousa
7.9%
[e]
14 / 230
PEV Ecologist Party "The Greens"
Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes"
Eco-socialism
Green politics
Left-wing Heloísa Apolónia
2 / 230
BE Left Bloc
Bloco de Esquerda
Democratic socialism
Anti-capitalism
Left-wing Catarina Martins 5.2%
8 / 230

Contesting parties

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The parties and coalitions that contested seats to the Portuguese parliament, and their leaders, were:

Political party Leader Political spectrum Political groups of the European Parliament
Portugal Ahead (Portugal à Frente)
Social Democratic Party (PSD)
CDS – People's Party (CDS-PP)
Pedro Passos Coelho Centre-right to
Right-wing
European People's Party Group (EPP)
Socialist Party (PS) António Costa Centre-left Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)
Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU)
Portuguese Communist Party (PCP)
Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV)
Jerónimo de Sousa Left-wing European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL)
Left Bloc (BE) Catarina Martins Left-wing European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL)
Portuguese Workers' Communist Party (PCTP-MRPP) António Garcia Pereira Far-left -
Earth Party (MPT) José Inácio Faria Centre-right Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group (ALDE/ADLE)
People-Animals-Nature (PAN) André Silva Centre-left -
National Renovator Party (PNR) José Pinto Coelho Far-right -
We, the Citizens! (NC) Mendo Castro Henriques Centre to
Centre-right[33]
-
LIVRE/Tempo de Avançar (L/TDA) Rui Tavares Centre-left to Left-wing -
Democratic Republican Party (PDR) António Marinho e Pinto Centre Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group (ALDE/ADLE)
ACT! (AGIR)
Portuguese Labour Party (PTP)
Socialist Alternative Movement (MAS)
Joana Amaral Dias Centre-left to Far-left -
People's Monarchist Party (PPM) Paulo Estevão Right-wing -
Christian Democratic and Citizenship (CDC/PPV) Tânia Avillez Right-wing -
United Party of Retirees and Pensioners (PURP) António Mateus Dias Big tent -
Together for the People (JPP) Filipe Sousa Centre -

Campaign period

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Party slogans

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Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Refs
PàF « Agora Portugal pode mais » "Now Portugal can do more" [34]
PS « É tempo de confiança » "It's time for trust" [35]
CDU « Soluções para um Portugal com futuro » "Solutions for a Portugal with a future" [36]
BE « Faz a diferença. Gente de verdade » "Make a difference. Real people" [37]
PAN « A causa de todos » "The cause of all" [38]

Candidates' debates

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After changes in the electoral law that obligated that all of the parties contesting an election should be represented in debates, the 3 main TV networks RTP, SIC and TVI proposed 3 debates between the two main candidates António Costa and Pedro Passos Coelho and also a series of head-to-head debates between various party leaders and one debate with all party leaders.[39] After meetings with the various parties, it was decided to hold two face-to-face debates between António Costa and Pedro Passos Coelho in which one would be broadcast on television and the other on radio. There was also going to be a debate between all the parties represented in Parliament but it was cancelled by the refusal of the PSD/CDS-PP coalition to have only the leader of the PSD on the debate and not also the leader of the CDS-PP, Paulo Portas[40][41]

Completed televised debates:

Portuguese legislative election debates, 2015
 N°. Date Broadcaster Moderator(s) Invitees Notes
 Name  Invited Participant.    N  Non-invitee.          
1 1 September RTP Informação Vítor Gonçalves N N Jerónimo Martins
2 8 September SIC Notícias Ana Lourenço Portas N N Martins
3 9 September RTP1
SIC
TVI
Judite de Sousa
Clara de Sousa
João Adelino Faria
P. Coelho Costa N N Broadcast simultaneously on the 3 major TV networks.
4 11 September RTP Informação Vítor Gonçalves P. Coelho N N Martins
5 14 September TVI24 Pedro Pinto N Costa N Martins
6 16 September SIC Notícias Ana Lourenço N Costa Jerónimo N
7 17 September Antena 1
RR
TSF
Graça Franco
Maria Flor Pedroso
Paulo Baldaia
P. Coelho Costa N N Broadcast simultaneously on 3 national radio stations.
8 18 September TVI24 José Alberto Carvalho Portas N Apolónia N
Candidate viewed as "most convincing" in each debate
Debate Poll source         Notes
3 9 September RTP1/SIC/TVI Aximage 35.7 48.0 16.3% said it was a tie.
Eurosondagem 31.8 40.0 28.2% said neither won or it was a tie.
7 17 September Antena 1/RR/TSF Marktest 42.5 29.5 14.2% said neither won and 13.8% were undecided.

Opinion polling

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Voter turnout

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The table below shows voter turnout throughout election day including voters from Overseas.

Turnout Time
12:00 16:00 19:00
2011 2015 ± 2011 2015 ± 2011 2015 ±
Total 20.01% 20.65%   0.64 pp 41.98% 44.38%   2.40 pp 58.03% 55.84%   2.19 pp
Sources[42][43]

Results

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The results display a relative victory of the right-wing coalition, but they also display a combined victory of the left-wing parties (including the Socialist Party), with a hung parliament (a right-wing single winner and a left-wing majority parliament).[44][45]

National summary

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Summary of the 4 October 2015 Assembly of the Republic elections results
 
Parties Votes % ±pp swing MPs MPs %/
votes %
2011 2015 ± % ±
Portugal Ahead (PSD/CDS–PP)[f] 1,993,504 36.86  10.9 124 102  22 44.35  10.5 1.20
Socialist 1,747,730 32.32  4.3 74 86  12 37.39  5.2 1.16
Left Bloc 550,945 10.19  5.0 8 19  11 8.26  4.8 0.81
Unitary Democratic Coalition 445,901 8.25  0.4 16 17  1 7.39  0.4 0.90
Social Democratic[g] 80,841 1.49 7 5  2 2.17  0.9 1.45
People-Animals-Nature 75,170 1.39  0.4 0 1  1 0.43  0.4 0.31
Democratic Republican 61,920 1.13 0 0.00 0.0
Portuguese Workers' Communist 60,045 1.11  0.0 0 0  0 0.00  0.0 0.0
LIVRE/Time to move forward 39,330 0.73 0 0.00 0.0
National Renovator 27,286 0.50  0.2 0 0  0 0.00  0.0 0.0
Earth 22,627 0.42  0.0 0 0  0 0.00  0.0 0.0
We, the Citizens! 21,382 0.40 0 0.00 0.0
ACT! (Labour/Socialist Alternative) 20,793 0.38 0 0.00 0.0
People's Monarchist 14,916 0.28  0.0 0 0  0 0.00  0.0 0.0
Together for the People 14,275 0.26 0 0.00 0.0
United Party of Retirees and Pensioners 13,899 0.26 0 0.00 0.0
People's[h] 7,496 0.14 1 0  1 0.00  0.4 0.0
Alliance Azores (CDS–PP/PPM)[i] 3,624 0.07 0 0  0 0.00  0.0 0.0
Citizenship and Christian Democracy 2,685 0.05  0.1 0 0  0 0.00  0.0 0.0
Labour[j] 1,744 0.03 0 0  0 0.00  0.0 0.0
Total valid 5,206,113 96.27  0.4 230 230  0 100.00  0.0
Blank ballots 112,955 2.09  0.6
Invalid ballots 89,024 1.65  0.3
Total 5,408,092 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 9,684,922 55.84  2.2
Source: Diário da República - Resultados Oficias
Vote share
PàF
36.86%
PS
32.32%
BE
10.19%
CDU
8.25%
PSD
1.49%
PAN
1.39%
PDR
1.13%
PCTP/MRPP
1.11%
L/TDA
0.73%
PNR
0.50%
Others
2.29%
Blank/Invalid
3.74%
Parliamentary seats
PàF
44.35%
PS
37.39%
BE
8.26%
CDU
7.39%
PSD
2.17%
PAN
0.43%

Distribution by constituency

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Results of the 2015 election of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic
by constituency
Constituency % S % S % S % S % S % S Total
S
PàF PS BE CDU PSD PAN
Azores 40.3 3 7.8 - 2.5 - 36.1 2 0.9 - 5
Aveiro 48.1 10 27.9 5 9.6 1 4.4 - 1.0 - 16
Beja 20.1 1 37.3 1 8.2 - 25.0 1 0.8 - 3
Braga 45.6 10 30.9 7 8.8 1 5.2 1 0.8 - 19
Bragança 49.4 2 34.1 1 5.5 - 3.1 - 0.6 - 3
Castelo Branco 35.3 2 38.9 2 10.0 - 6.0 - 0.8 - 4
Coimbra 37.2 4 35.3 4 9.9 1 7.0 - 1.0 - 9
Évora 23.9 1 37.5 1 8.6 - 21.9 1 0.9 - 3
Faro 31.5 3 32.8 4 14.1 1 8.7 1 2.0 - 9
Guarda 45.6 2 33.8 2 7.4 - 4.0 - 0.9 - 4
Leiria 48.4 6 24.8 3 9.7 1 5.1 - 1.2 - 10
Lisbon 34.7 18 33.5 18 10.9 5 9.8 5 2.0 1 47
Madeira 20.9 2 10.7 1 3.6 - 37.8 3 1.8 - 6
Portalegre 27.6 1 42.4 1 9.2 - 12.2 - 0.8 - 2
Porto 39.6 17 32.7 14 11.1 5 6.8 3 1.6 - 39
Santarém 35.8 4 32.9 3 10.8 1 9.6 1 1.2 - 9
Setúbal 22.6 5 34.3 7 13.1 2 18.8 4 1.9 - 18
Viana do Castelo 45.5 4 29.8 2 8.0 - 5.2 - 0.9 - 6
Vila Real 51.0 3 33.1 2 5.2 - 3.0 - 0.6 - 5
Viseu 51.1 6 29.7 3 6.7 - 3.5 - 0.7 - 9
Europe 39.1 1 29.9 1 5.8 - 5.9 - 0.9 - 2
Outside Europe 48.5 2 10.8 - 1.6 - 1.5 - 1.8 - 2
Total 36.9 102 32.3 86 10.2 19 8.3 17 1.5 5 1.4 1 230
Source: Legislativas 2015

Maps

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Aftermath

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Government formation

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Despite Costa's statements during election night, the Socialists, the Left Bloc, the Communists and the Greens started negotiations to form a left-wing majority coalition government.[46][47] On 19 October 2015, the Secretary-General of the Socialist Party, António Costa, rejected the proposal for a post-election coalition government with the right-wing alliance PàF.[48] On the next day, Costa said that the Socialist Party would reject in Parliament any government that would be led by Pedro Passos Coelho and supported by the right-wing coalition Portugal Ahead. During the same day, António Costa guaranteed to President Aníbal Cavaco Silva that the Socialist Party had the conditions to form a government, supported in the parliament by the Left Bloc and the Communist Party.[49] After being consulted by the President, the Socialist Party, the Left Bloc, the Communist Party and the Greens expressed their intention to support a government of the Socialist Party, led by António Costa.

Among the most likely scenarios that were considered for a new government were:[50][51]

  • A right-wing (PàF) minority government without the support of the Socialists (without majority support from the new parliament; rejected by Costa);
  • A right-wing (PàF) minority government with the parliamentary support of the Socialists (rejected by Costa);
  • A grand coalition government including the right-wing coalition (PàF) and the Socialists (rejected by Costa);
  • A minority government of the Socialist Party with the parliamentary support of the Left Bloc and the Communists (most likely);
  • A left-wing coalition government including the Socialists, the Left Bloc and the Communists;
  • A caretaker government, until new elections are held, if the parties fail to reach an agreement.

On 22 October, President Aníbal Cavaco Silva controversially designated Pedro Passos Coelho to form a new government,[52] which after taking the oath of office had 10 days to submit its programme in Parliament. But the PS, BE and CDU had already stated that they would call a motion of rejection to bring down the government.[53]

On 23 October, the new Assembly of the Republic was opened. Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues, a Socialist, was elected as President of the Assembly with the support of the Socialists, the Communists, the Left Bloc and the Greens. He received 120 votes against 108 votes for the government's candidate.[54]

The members of the second Passos Coelho government took the oath of office on 30 October.[55][56] The government programme was to be voted in the Parliament on 10 November.[57]

Fall of the government and appointment of a new one

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The Socialist Party reached agreements with the three other left-wing parties: the Left Bloc, the Communists and the Greens. Those agreements were eventually approved by the national organs of the Socialist Party on 8 November.[58][59] On 10 November, the Portugal Ahead government programme was rejected in a motion of rejection by a vote of 123 to 107 MPs.[60]

Motion of Rejection
Pedro Passos Coelho (PSD)
Ballot → 10 November 2015
Required majority → 116 out of 230  Y
No
107 / 230
Yes
123 / 230
Abstentions
0 / 230
Absentees
0 / 230
Sources[61]

On 26 November, a new government was established as a Socialist Party minority government led by António Costa, Socialist Party leader, with the confidence and supply of the Left Bloc, the Communist Party and the Green Party.[62]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ As leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD). The leader of the People's Party (CDS–PP) is the deputy prime minister Paulo Portas.
  2. ^ In the 2011 election, Pedro Passos Coelho was elected in the district of Vila Real.
  3. ^ Sum of votes and seats of the PSD and the CDS–PP in the 2011 election. PSD: 38.7%, 108 seats; CDS–PP: 11.7%, 24 seats.
  4. ^ Following the election, Pedro Passos Coelho was first designated as Prime Minister by the President of the Republic with a PSD/CDS-PP minority government. He took the oath of office for his second term on October 30, 2015. On 10 November 2015, Coelho's government was defeated in a motion of no confidence vote, 123 against 107, prompting the fall of his government. The President of the Republic, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, then invited PS leader António Costa to form a minority government with the support of BE and CDU. Costa's minority government was sworn in on 26 November 2015.
  5. ^ The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV) contested the 2011 election in a coalition called Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) and won a combined 7.9% of the vote and elected 16 MPs to parliament.
  6. ^ Electoral lists only in continental Portugal.
  7. ^ Electoral list only in Madeira and Azores.
  8. ^ Electoral list only in Madeira.
  9. ^ Electoral list only in Azores.
  10. ^ Electoral list only in Madeira.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Cavaco Silva marca eleições legislativas para dia 4 de outubro" (in Portuguese). 22 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  2. ^ "António Costa recusa coligação negativa e só viabiliza políticas do PS" (in Portuguese). 4 October 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  3. ^ a b "As cores finais do país que votou" (in Portuguese). 15 October 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  4. ^ "PAN elege um deputado. Livre e PDR falham" (in Portuguese). 5 October 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  5. ^ "Contra a austeridade, protestos na cidade". Público (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 27 November 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  6. ^ "Manifestação de 15 de setembro terá sido a maior desde o 25 de abril". Dinheiro Vivo (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 15 September 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  7. ^ "Portugal após o recuo do Governo na TSU". Público (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 23 September 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  8. ^ "Vítor Gaspar sai e queixa-se de falta de coesão do Governo". Público (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 1 July 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  9. ^ "Maria Luís Albuquerque é a nova ministra das Finanças". RTP (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 1 July 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  10. ^ "Paulo Portas afirma que a decisão de se demitir é irrevogável". RTP (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  11. ^ "Passos não se demite, nem aceitou ainda a demissão de Portas". Público (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 3 July 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  12. ^ "Portas é vice-primeiro-ministro com coordenação económica, troika e reforma do Estado". Público (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 6 July 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
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