The 64th (2nd Highland) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised during the Great War. The division was formed in late 1914 as a second-line Territorial Force formation which served on home defence duties throughout the war.
| 64th (2nd Highland) Division | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1914 – 1919 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  British Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Role | Home defence |
| Size | Division |
| Garrison/HQ | East Anglia, United Kingdom |
| Service | |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Herman Landon[1] Henry Lukin[2] John Edward Capper[3] |
The division was formed as a duplicate of the 51st (Highland) Division in 1914, composed primarily of soldiers from Highland regiments recruited in northern and central Scotland. By 1917-18, however, it had become a training unit composed of conscripts from throughout Britain. It remained on home defence and training duties in Scotland and England throughout the war, and disbanded in early 1919 following the Armistice of 11 November 1918.
History
editThe division was created as the "2nd Highland Division", a second-line formation of the Highland Division at the end of August 1914. At this time, Territorial Force soldiers could not be deployed overseas without their consent and the Territorial units were accordingly split into a "first line", with men who had volunteered for overseas service, and a "second line", which was intended for home service only. The second line units also served to absorb the large number of new, untrained, recruits who had joined the Territorial Force following the outbreak of war. The division's units formed through late 1914 and assembled as a coherent unit in January 1915.[4]
As with the original Highland Division, the 2nd Highland was organised into three infantry brigades. These were later numbered as the 191st, composed of the 2/4th, 2/5th, and 2/6th Seaforth Highlanders, 2/4th Cameron Highlanders, and 2/4th Black Watch; the 192nd, composed of the 2/4th, 2/5th, 2/6th, and 2/7th Gordon Highlanders and 2/6th and 2/7th Black Watch; and the 193rd, composed of the 2/6th, 2/7th, 2/8th, and 2/9th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.[4] With fifteen battalions, the 2nd Highland had a higher nominal strength than its parent division; the three additional units came from the second-line units of the Black Watch Brigade, assigned to the division as it assembled in January 1915.[5]
The 191st Brigade recruited from the far north of Scotland;[6][7] the 192nd from the north-east and Aberdeen;[8] and the 193rd from central and western Scotland.[9] The Black Watch battalions were recruited from Fife, Dundee and Perthshire.[5] The division also raised second-line Territorial artillery, medical, signal and engineer units, from the same areas.[4]
Through the next two years, the 2nd Highland, numbered as the 64th Division in 1915, provided trained men for its parent unit as well as carrying out home defence duties. The division was assembled in Fife and Perthshire. In mid-1915 the strength of its infantry battalions was set at a minimum 600 men, with any more than this being transferred overseas; later that year, all the infantry battalions were renumbered and several were amalgamated. The old unit numbering was reinstated in January 1916 but the amalgamations remained.[4]
In 1916 the division howitzer brigade was broken up and its heavy artillery battery sent to France; a third field artillery brigade was briefly added but dissolved soon afterwards. In March 1916 the division was transferred to England, where it was stationed in East Anglia as part of Northern Army.[4]
A second wave of reorganisation took place in 1917–18, with the division absorbing twelve "graduated battalions" – training units – and disbanding almost all of its original infantry units. By the time of the Armistice in November 1918, its infantry complement consisted entirely of graduated battalions. The division was demobilised shortly afterwards and ceased to exist in April 1919.[4]
The division was not reformed during the Second World War,[10] and the numbers for the subsidiary brigades were also not reused.[11]
Order of battle
editThe order of battle was as follows (organisation details are taken from The British Army in the Great War unless otherwise noted):[4]
Organisation, early 1915editOrganisation as formed in January 1915. | ||
2nd Seaforth and Cameron Highlanders Brigade
|
2nd Gordon Highlanders Brigade
|
2nd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Brigade
|
Royal Engineers
Royal Army Medical Corps
|
Royal Artillery | Divisional troops
|
Organisation, early 1916editOrganisation from January 1916 onwards | ||
191st (2nd Seaforth and Cameron Highlanders) Brigade
|
192nd (2nd Gordon Highlanders) Brigade
|
193rd (2nd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) Brigade
|
Royal Engineers
Royal Army Medical Corps
|
Royal Artillery
|
Divisional troops
|
Organisation, late 1918editOrganisation in November 1918, prior to disbandment | ||
191st Brigade
|
192nd Brigade
|
193rd Brigade
|
Royal Engineers
Royal Army Medical Corps
|
Royal Artillery
|
Divisional troops
|
General Officer Commanding
editGeneral Officers Commanding included:
- Brigadier-General George Stockwell January 1915 - February 1916[12]
- Major-General Richard Bannatine-Allason February 1916 - c.August 1917[13]
- Major-General Herman Landon August 1917 - April 1918[14]
- Major-General Henry Lukin April 1918 - November 1918[15]
- Major-General John Capper November 1918 - May 1919[14]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ LANDON, Maj.-Gen. Herman James Shelley, in Who Was Who (2008)
- ^ Falls, Cyril. "Lukin, Sir Henry Timson (1860–1925)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34631. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Quarterly Army List for the quarter ending 30th June 1919. London: HMSO. 1919. pp. 36–7.
- ^ a b c d e f g Baker, Chris (2010). "The 64th (2nd Highland) Division". The British Army in the Great War.
- ^ a b Baker, Chris (2010). "The Black Watch". The British Army in the Great War.
- ^ Baker, Chris (2010). "The Seaforth Highlanders". The British Army in the Great War.
- ^ Baker, Chris (2010). "The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders". The British Army in the Great War.
- ^ Baker, Chris (2010). "The Gordon Highlanders". The British Army in the Great War.
- ^ Baker, Chris (2010). "The Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders". The British Army in the Great War.
- ^ Nafziger, George (1992). "Organization of British Infantry Divisions, 1939–1945" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ Nafziger, George (1992). "British Infantry Brigades, 1st thru 214th, 1939–1945" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ Becke, Archibald Frank (1935). Order of Battle of Divisions.
- ^ "Richard Bannatine-Allason". Centre for First World War Studies, University of Birmingham. Archived from the original on 16 February 2006. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
- ^ a b Quarterly Army List for the quarter ending 30th June 1919. London: HMSO. 1919. pp. 32.
- ^ Nortier, Erasmus Wentzel (December 2005). Major General Sir Henry Timson Lukin (1860–1925) The Making of a South African Hero (Thesis). Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University. hdl:10019.1/3103.