Bennelong Point, a former island in Sydney Harbour, is a headland that, since the 1970s, is the location of the Sydney Opera House in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Bennelong Point | |
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  Bennelong Point Location in Sydney central business district | |
| Coordinates: 33°51′24″S 151°12′54″E / 33.8567°S 151.2150°E | |
| Location | Port Jackson, City of Sydney, Australia |
History
editBennelong Point is known to the local Gadigal people of the Eora nation as Dubbagullee.[1]
The point was originally a small tidal island, Tubowgule,[2][3] later renamed as Bennelong Island, that largely consisted of rocks with a small beach on the western side. The island was located on the tip of the eastern arm of Sydney Cove and was separated from the mainland at high tide.[3] For a brief period in 1788, this relatively isolated protrusion into Port Jackson was called Cattle Point as it was used to confine the few cattle and horses that had been brought from Cape Town by Governor Arthur Phillip with the First Fleet.
The area at that time was also strewn with discarded oyster shells from many long years of gathering by the local aboriginal women. Those shells were regathered by the newly arrived convict women and burnt to make lime for cement mortar. The point was called Limeburners' Point for that reason, though those shells only furnished enough lime to make a single building, the two-storey Government House.[4]
In the early 1790s, the Aboriginal man Woollarawarre Bennelong— employed as a cultural interlocutor by the British—persuaded Governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip, to build a brick hut for him on the point, giving it its colonial name.[5]
In December 1798, a half-moon battery was constructed at the extreme northern end of the Point, mounted with guns from HMS Supply.
In the period from 1818 to 1821, the tidal area between Bennelong Island and the mainland was filled with rocks excavated from the Bennelong Point peninsula. The entire area was leveled to create a low platform and to provide suitable stone for the construction of Fort Macquarie. While the fort was being built, a large portion of the rocky escarpment at Bennelong Point was also cut away to allow a road to be built around the point from Sydney Cove to Farm Cove. This was known as Tarpeian Way.[5]
The existence of the original tidal island and its rubble fill were largely forgotten until the late 1950s when both were rediscovered during the excavations related to the construction of the Sydney Opera House. Prior to the Opera House's construction, Bennelong Point had housed Fort Macquarie Tram Depot.[6]
Gallery
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Bennelong Point and Fort Macquarie c. 1841.
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Bennelong Point, Fort Macquarie & the first Sydney Rowing Club shed c. 1873.
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Bennelong Point and Fort Macquarie during the 1920s.
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Fort Macquarie Tram Depot shortly before demolition in 1958.
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The Sydney Opera House on Bennelong Point, 2010.
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Restaurants in Bennelong Point.
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Bennelong Point / Dubbagullee". sydneybarani.com.au. City of Sydney. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ Hayward, Philip (2023). "De-Islanding: The peninsularisation of islands in Sydney Harbour (1818–2023)". Journal of Marine and Island Cultures. 12 (2). University of Technology Sydney: 19, 22. doi:10.21463/jmic.2023.12.2.02. Retrieved 30 October 2024 – via Institution for Marine and Island Cultures, Mokpo National University.
- ^ a b "Our story: Tubowgule". Sydney Opera House. n.d. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
- ^ Hughes, Robert (1987). The Fatal Shore (paperback 1996). p. section 1.iii (page 11), and section 4.ii (page 90 ). ISBN 1-86046-150-6.
- ^ a b "Bennelong Point" (with various images detailing the island and its structures, since 1788.). The Dictionary of Sydney. State Library of New South Wales. n.d. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
- ^ Yarrow, Stephen (n.d.). "Lost Sydney: Bennelong Island". Pocket Oz: Pocket Guide to Sydney. Retrieved 30 October 2024.