Juniperus lutchuensis or Ryūkyū juniper (オキナワハイネズ, Okinawa-hainezu) (syn. Juniperus taxifolia var. lutchuensis (Koidz.) Satake) is a species of juniper native to the Ryūkyū Islands, Izu Islands, Izu Peninsula, and Bōsō Peninsula, Japan.[3][4][5]
| Juniperus lutchuensis | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Cupressales |
| Family: | Cupressaceae |
| Genus: | Juniperus |
| Section: | Juniperus sect. Juniperus |
| Species: | J. lutchuensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Juniperus lutchuensis | |
| Synonyms | |
Taxonomy
editJuniperus lutchuensis was first described by Gen'ichi Koidzumi in 1918, with Okinawa Island the type locality.[1]: 138 In 1962, Satake Yoshisuke treated it as a variety of Juniperus taxifolia.[2] Some authors[6] treat it as a synonym of Juniperus taxifolia from the Bonin Islands, while others treat it as a variety of it, Juniperus taxifolia var. lutchuensis. It is probably best considered a separate species as it has a distinct DNA profile clearly different from J. taxifolia.[3]
Description
editJuniperus lutchuensis is an evergreen coniferous shrub growing to a height of 1–3 metres (3+1⁄2–10 ft). Its many branches may spread some 2–4 metres (6+1⁄2–13 ft).[5] The leaves are needle-like, in whorls of three, light green, 7–14 millimetres (1⁄4–1⁄2 in) long and 1–1.5 mm broad, with a double white stomatal band (split by a green midrib) on the inner surface. It is dioecious, with separate male and female plants.
The seed cones are berry-like, green ripening in 18 months to purple-brown; they are spherical, 8–9 mm diameter, and have three or six fused scales in one or two whorls of three; the three larger scales each bear a single seed. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard seeds in their droppings. The pollen cones are yellow, 5 mm long.[3]
Distribution and habitat
editEndemic to Japan, it may be found growing in coastal areas, on cliffs and in sunny spots, on the Izu Peninsula and Bōsō Peninsula of Honshū, the Izu Islands, Tanegashima (Ōsumi Islands), Tokara Islands, Amami Ōshima and Tokunoshima (Amami Islands), and, within Okinawa Prefecture, on Okinawa Island and Yagaji Island, Iheya Island, Izena Island, and Aka Island, Tokashiki Island, and Zamami Island (Kerama Islands).[5]
Conservation
editMuch of its habitat has been lost due to coastal development and revetments, and it has also often been taken from the wild for use in gardens and bonsai.[5] Its conservation status is uncertain, but it is rare and may become threatened.[3] In the 2018 Okinawa Red Data Book, Juniperus taxifolia var. lutchuensis is assessed as Endangered.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b Koidzumi, G. (1918). "Contributiones ad Floram Asiae Orientalis". The Botanical Magazine (in Latin). 32 (378): 134–138. ISSN 0006-808X.
- ^ a b Satake Yoshisuke [in Japanese] (1962). オキナワハイネズに関する問題 [Problems Relating to the Ryukyu Juniper]. Bulletin of the National Science Museum. 6 (2). National Science Museum: 187–247.
- ^ a b c d Adams, R. P. (2004). Junipers of the World. Trafford. ISBN 1-4120-4250-X
- ^ Katō, M. [in Japanese]; Ebihara, A. [in Japanese] (March 2011). 日本の固有植物 [Endemic Plants of Japan] (in Japanese). Tokai University Press. pp. 196, 274, 428. ISBN 978-4-486-01897-1.
- ^ a b c d e Okinawa Prefecture, ed. (5 December 2018). レッドデータおきなわ 維管束植物 [Red Data Okinawa: Vascular Plants] (PDF) (3 ed.). Okinawa Prefecture. p. 141. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- ^ Farjon, A. (2005). Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4