Putian (Chinese: 莆田, Putian dialect: Pó-chéng), also known as Puyang (莆阳) and Puxian (莆仙), historically known as Hinghwa/Hinghua (simplified Chinese: 兴化; traditional Chinese: 興化), is a prefecture-level city in Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. It borders Fuzhou to the north, Quanzhou to the south, and the Taiwan Strait's Xinghua Bay to the east.[4] Mulan River flows through the city.
Putian
莆田市 | |
|---|---|
Clockwise from top: Licheng District, Putian University, Guqiaolou Temple, Guanghua Temple in Chengxiang District, the Municipal Government building of Putian. | |
 Location of Putian in Fujian | |
  Putian  Putian | |
| Coordinates (Putian Government Plaza): 25°27′09″N 119°00′28″E / 25.4526°N 119.0078°E | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Fujian |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Fu Chaoyang |
| • Mayor | Lin Xuyang |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 4,119 km2 (1,590 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,284 km2 (882 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,284 km2 (882 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 3,210,714 |
| • Density | 780/km2 (2,000/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,305,646 |
| • Urban density | 1,000/km2 (2,600/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,305,646 |
| • Metro density | 1,000/km2 (2,600/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 277 billion US$ 38.3 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 94,109 US$ 12,995 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (Time in China) |
| Postal code | 351100、351200 |
| Area code | 594 |
| License Plate Prefixes | 闽B |
| Local variety | Puxian Min |
| Website | www |
.jpg)
| Putian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 莆田 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Putian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
History
editPutian was first founded as an administrative area in the year of 568 as a city county during the Chen dynasty.[citation needed]
Putian was later established as a military administered city in 979. Putian is known as the counterfeit sneaker capital with counterfeiters protected from internationally intellectual property law enforcement by the notoriously corrupt local courts.[5]
Language
editPó-chéng-uā (莆田话), a sub-dialect of Min Chinese is spoken.
Economy
editPutian has become an export base for Fujian products. The main industries are shoe-making, brewing, electronics, garments, fruits, vegetables, machinery and electrical goods.[6] In particular, the area is known for high-quality counterfeits of shoes[7] and the domination of Chinese private healthcare.[8][9]
Culture
edit.jpg){kind=link}
Putian is known for Putian (Henghwa) cuisine, a unique style of cuisine that places a heavy emphasis on fresh seafood. Duotou clams, locally harvested around the village of Duotou, are particularly well known.
Tourism
editMeizhou Island, most famous for being the legendary birthplace of the goddess Mazu, is located closely offshore of Putian. According to legends, Mazu in her earthly incarnation died on the seashore of Xianliang Harbor, in the coastal area of Putian, where Xianliang Mazu Temple hosts pilgrims from different Chinese provinces and from Taiwan, particularly for the ceremonies commemorating the goddess' death held in October.[10] Because of its hosting "the most sacred places for Mazu believers," Putian is known as "Mazu's hometown."[11]
Higher education
editClimate
edit| Climate data for Putian (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.0 (80.6) |
31.1 (88.0) |
30.3 (86.5) |
32.0 (89.6) |
33.8 (92.8) |
35.6 (96.1) |
36.9 (98.4) |
36.7 (98.1) |
36.4 (97.5) |
33.5 (92.3) |
31.1 (88.0) |
28.4 (83.1) |
36.9 (98.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) |
16.9 (62.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.2 (81.0) |
30.3 (86.5) |
33.1 (91.6) |
32.7 (90.9) |
30.8 (87.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
23.3 (73.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
25.0 (76.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.6 (54.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
19.5 (67.1) |
23.5 (74.3) |
26.7 (80.1) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.7 (83.7) |
27.1 (80.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
19.7 (67.5) |
15.0 (59.0) |
21.1 (70.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) |
10.4 (50.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
16.6 (61.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
21.0 (69.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
18.5 (65.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
2.8 (37.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
13.2 (55.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
1.8 (35.2) |
1.5 (34.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 47.1 (1.85) |
73.2 (2.88) |
116.3 (4.58) |
123.9 (4.88) |
199.6 (7.86) |
274.0 (10.79) |
183.1 (7.21) |
251.3 (9.89) |
145.8 (5.74) |
57.3 (2.26) |
42.7 (1.68) |
37.3 (1.47) |
1,551.6 (61.09) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.0 | 10.6 | 15.1 | 14.3 | 15.8 | 15.6 | 9.9 | 13.3 | 8.8 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6.9 | 129 |
| Average snowy days | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 71 | 74 | 76 | 76 | 79 | 82 | 77 | 77 | 71 | 65 | 67 | 66 | 73 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 121.5 | 101.9 | 116.4 | 130.9 | 137.1 | 153.7 | 243.2 | 213.7 | 182.5 | 179.2 | 140.8 | 135.8 | 1,856.7 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 37 | 32 | 31 | 34 | 33 | 37 | 58 | 53 | 50 | 51 | 43 | 42 | 42 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[12][13] | |||||||||||||
Administration
editPutian's municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Chengxiang District (城厢区). The municipal region comprises three other districts and one county:
- Hanjiang District (涵江区)
- Licheng District (荔城区)
- Xiuyu District (秀屿区)
- Xianyou County (仙游县)
| Map |
|---|
|
Wuqiu
Note: Kinmen County, ROC (Taiwan) is claimed by the PRC. |
References
edit- ^ "China: Fújiàn (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- ^ 福建省统计局、国家统计局福建调查总队 (August 2021). 《福建统计年鉴－2021》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5037-9510-7. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
- ^ 教育部重編國語辭典修訂本. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
字詞 【莆田縣】 注音 ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ 漢語拼音 pú tián xiàn
- ^ Litchi City Putian Archived 2011-05-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rechtschaffen, Daniel. "How China's Legal System Enables Intellectual Property Theft". thediplomat.com. The Diplomat. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
- ^ China today Archived 2007-09-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Schmidle, Nicholas (2010-08-19). "Inside the Knockoff-Tennis-Shoe Factory". New York Times. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ "The Putian phenomenon". Week in China. HSBC. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ "Baidu's "moral dilemma" – How a Cancer Case aroused National Attention". China Spoon. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ Hsun Chang, "Multiple Religious and National Identities: Mazu Pilgrimages across the Taiwan Strait after 1987," in Cheng-tian Kuo (Ed.), Religion and Nationalism in Chinese Societies, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017, 373–396 (378).
- ^ Hsun Chang (2017), 378.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 June 2023.