Thraupis

Thraupis
	Blue-grey tanager
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Thraupidae
Genus:	Thraupis; F. Boie, 1826
Type species
	Tanagra onarta; Sparrman, 1789
Species
	See text

Thraupis is a genus of birds of the tanager family occurring from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil. Some are familiar species with large ranges. In Brazil it's called Pipira-azul (pronn: peepeeră, æzoól) when it has a tone blue color, when it has green tone color is called "Pipira-verde" or "Pipira-Vierde" on mexico.

These tanagers are mainly found in semi-open habitats including plantations and open woodland, but some will venture into towns. They feed from medium to high levels in trees, taking mainly fruit, with some nectar, and insects which may be taken in flight. The pair builds a usually well concealed cup nest, but the female incubates alone. The blue-gray and palm tanagers will nest in buildings. Thraupis tanagers have squeaky call notes and songs which consist of 5-10 repetitions of a single or double note.

Taxonomy and species list

The genus was introduced by the German naturalist Friedrich Boie in 1826 with the golden-chevroned tanager as the type species.^[1]^[2] The name of the genus is the Ancient Greek word for an unidentified small bird mentioned by Aristotle.^[3]

The genus formerly included the blue-and-yellow tanager and the blue-capped tanager. These were moved to other genera based of the results of molecular phylogenetic studies.^[4]^[5]^[6]

The genus contains seven species.^[7]

Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
Thraupis episcopus	Blue-grey tanager	Mexico south to northeast Bolivia and northern Brazil, all of the Amazon Basin
Thraupis sayaca	Sayaca tanager	Brazil and Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina
Thraupis glaucocolpa	Glaucous tanager	Colombia and Venezuela
Thraupis cyanoptera	Azure-shouldered tanager	Brazil
Thraupis abbas	Yellow-winged tanager	Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean coasts from the states of Veracruz and the extreme south of San Luis Potosí in Mexico through the Yucatán Peninsula to Nicaragua, and on the Pacific coast from the Mexican state of Chiapas to Honduras
Thraupis ornata	Golden-chevroned tanager	Brazil
Thraupis palmarum	Palm tanager	Nicaragua south to Bolivia, Paraguay and southern Brazil

References

^ Boie, Friedrich (1826). "Generalübersicht". Isis von Oken (in German). 1826. Col 974.
^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 318.
^ Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
^ Sedano, Raul E.; Burns, Kevin J. (2010). "Are the Northern Andes a species pump for Neotropical birds? Phylogenetics and biogeography of a clade of Neotropical tanagers (Aves: Thraupini)". Journal of Biogeography. 37 (2): 325–343. Bibcode:2010JBiog..37..325S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02200.x. S2CID 53063036.
^ Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. Bibcode:2014MolPE..75...41B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID 24583021.
^ Burns, K.J.; Unitt, P.; Mason, N.A. (2016). "A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)". Zootaxa. 4088 (3): 329–354. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.2. PMID 27394344.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Tanagers and allies". World Bird List Version 8.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 April 2018.

External links

[1] Boie, Friedrich (1826). "Generalübersicht". Isis von Oken (in German). 1826. Col 974.

[2] Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 318.

[hbwkey-3] Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 2 April 2018.

[4] Sedano, Raul E.; Burns, Kevin J. (2010). "Are the Northern Andes a species pump for Neotropical birds? Phylogenetics and biogeography of a clade of Neotropical tanagers (Aves: Thraupini)". Journal of Biogeography. 37 (2): 325–343. Bibcode:2010JBiog..37..325S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02200.x. S2CID 53063036.

[5] Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. Bibcode:2014MolPE..75...41B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID 24583021.

[6] Burns, K.J.; Unitt, P.; Mason, N.A. (2016). "A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)". Zootaxa. 4088 (3): 329–354. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.2. PMID 27394344.

[ioc-7] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Tanagers and allies". World Bird List Version 8.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 April 2018.

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