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User:Don Lope/Sandbox US Open

< User:Don Lope
A brown-haired man with white shorts, a blue shirt and a blue headband swings a right-handed forehand on a hard court surface
Swiss Roger Federer won an Open Era record five consecutive titles at the US Open between 2004 and 2008.

The US Open[a] is an annual tennis tournament created in 1881 and played on outdoor hard courts[b] at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, New York City, United States.[1] The men's singles was the first event contested in 1881.[2] The US Open is played during two weeks in late August, early September, and has been chronologically the last of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987.[3]

Newport (1881–1914), Forest Hills (1915–1920, 1924–1977), and Philadelphia (1921–1923) all held the event before it settled in 1978 at the USTA National Tennis Center, now USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, in New York City.[4] The inaugural tournament, in 1881, was reserved to United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) clubs members, before the championships opened to international competition.[2]

The men's singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1884 to 1911, the event started with a knockout phase, the All-Comers singles, whose winner then faced the defending champion in a challenge round. The All-Comers winner was awarded the title six times (1888, 1893, 1898, 1901, 1904, 1907) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1912 edition.[5] Since 1881, all matches but the All-Comers final and the challenge round were played at the best-of-three sets, before the event switched to best-of-five for all rounds in 1886. Best-of-three sets matches were reintroduced for early rounds in 1917, from 1943 to 1945, and from 1975 to 1978.[5] Before 1884, the winner of the next game at five games – all took the set in every match except the All-Comers final and the challenge round, which were won with six games and a two games advantage. This advantage format was introduced for the final sets of early rounds in 1884, and used for all sets in all rounds from 1887 to 1969.[5] The tie-break system was introduced in 1970 for all sets, in its best-of-nine points sudden death version until 1974, and in its best-of-12 points lingering death version since 1975.[5][6][7] The court surface changed twice, from grass (1881–1974), to Har-Tru clay (1975–1977), to hard courts, since 1978.[8]

The champion receives a full-size replica of the event's trophy engraved with his name.[9] In 2008, the winner received prize money of $1,500,000.[10] A bonus pool of $1,000,000 is also offered to US Open champions having clinched the first place of the US Open Series.[11]

Richard Sears (winner, 1881–1887), William Larned (winner, 1901–1902, 1907–1911) and Bill Tilden (winner, 1920–1925, 1929) hold the all-time record for most titles in the men's singles with seven victories each. Four of Sears' wins and all of Larned's, however, came within the challenge round format, and they won respectively only thrice and twice after going through a complete draw. Sears also holds the all-time record for most consecutive titles with seven from 1881 to 1887. Without the challenge round, the record stands at six, and is held by Tilden (1920–1925).[3]

Champions

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William Larned took seven titles at the event.
 
Maurice McLoughlin won the first editions outside of the challenge round system, in 1912 and 1913.
 
Richard Norris Williams won two titles at the event.
 
René Lacoste won twice in 1926 and 1927.
 
Pancho Gonzales titled in 1948 and 1949.
 
Ken Rosewall won as an amateur in 1956 and as a professional in 1970.
A man dressed in white, with shorts and a polo shirt, with a wooden racket in his left hand, bends his knees in front of a tennis net, on a grass court
Grand Slam winner Rod Laver titled twice in New York City.
 
Jimmy Connors won the US Open five times.
 
John McEnroe won four of his seven Grand Slams in New York City.
 
Pete Sampras took five titles in New York City.
Regular competition
USNLTA clubs members only event *
All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡
Defending champion, Challenge round winner †
All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊
Year[c] Country Champion Country Runner-up Score in the final
1881   USA Richard Sears *   USA William Glyn 6–0, 6–3, 6–2
1882   USA Richard Sears   USA Clarence Clark 6–1, 6–4, 6–0
1883   USA Richard Sears   USA James Dwight 6–2, 6–0, 9–7
1884   USA Richard Sears †   USA Howard Taylor 6–0, 1–6, 6–0, 6–2
1885   USA Richard Sears †   USA Godfrey Brinley 6–3, 4–6, 6–0, 6–3
1886   USA Richard Sears †   USA Robert Livingston Beeckman 4–6, 6–1, 6–3, 6–4
1887   USA Richard Sears †   USA Henry Slocum 6–1, 6–3, 6–2
1888   USA Henry Slocum ◊   USA Howard Taylor 6–4, 6–1, 6–0
1889   USA Henry Slocum †   USA Quincy Shaw 6–3, 6–1, 4–6, 6–2
1890   USA Oliver Campbell ‡   USA Henry Slocum 6–2, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1
1891   USA Oliver Campbell †   USA Clarence Hobart 2–6, 7–5, 7–9, 6–1, 6–2
1892   USA Oliver Campbell †   USA Frederick Hovey 7–5, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5
1893   USA Robert Wrenn ◊   USA Frederick Hovey 6–4, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4
1894   USA Robert Wrenn †   USA Manliff Goodbody 6–8, 6–1, 6–4, 6–4
1895   USA Frederick Hovey ‡   USA Robert Wrenn 6–3, 6–2, 6–4
1896   USA Robert Wrenn ‡   USA Frederick Hovey 7–5, 3–6, 6–0, 1–6, 6–1
1897   USA Robert Wrenn †   GBR Wilberforce Eaves 4–6, 8–6, 6–3, 2–6, 6–2
1898   USA Malcolm Whitman ◊   USA Dwight Davis 3–6, 6–2, 6–2, 6–1
1899   USA Malcolm Whitman †   USA Jahial Parmly Paret 6–1, 6–2, 3–6, 7–5
1900   USA Malcolm Whitman †   USA William Larned 6–4, 1–6, 6–2, 6–2
1901   USA William Larned ◊   USA Beals Wright 6–2, 6–8, 6–4, 6–4
1902   USA William Larned †   GBR Reginald Doherty 4–6, 6–2, 6–4, 8–6
1903   GBR Lawrence Doherty ‡   USA William Larned 6–0, 6–3, 10–8
1904   USA Holcombe Ward ◊   USA William Clothier 10–8, 6–4, 9–7
1905   USA Beals Wright ‡   USA Holcombe Ward 6–2, 6–1, 11–9
1906   USA William Clothier ‡   USA Beals Wright 6–3, 6–0, 6–4
1907   USA William Larned ◊   USA Robert LeRoy 6–2, 6–2, 6–4
1908   USA William Larned †   USA Beals Wright 6–1, 6–2, 8–6
1909   USA William Larned †   USA William Clothier 6–1, 6–2, 5–7, 1–6, 6–1
1910   USA William Larned †   USA Tom Bundy 6–1, 5–7, 6–0, 6–8, 6–1
1911   USA William Larned †   USA Maurice McLoughlin 6–4, 6–4, 6–2
1912   USA Maurice McLoughlin   USA Wallace Johnson 3–6, 2–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–2
1913   USA Maurice McLoughlin   USA Richard Norris Williams 6–4, 5–7, 6–3, 6–1
1914   USA Richard Norris Williams   USA Maurice McLoughlin 6–3, 8–6, 10–8
1915   USA Bill Johnston   USA Maurice McLoughlin 1–6, 6–0, 7–5, 10–8
1916   USA Richard Norris Williams   USA Bill Johnston 4–6, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2, 6–4
1917   USA Lindley Murray[d]   USA Nathaniel Niles 5–7, 8–6, 6–3, 6–3
1918   USA Lindley Murray   USA Bill Tilden 6–3, 6–1, 7–5
1919   USA Bill Johnston   USA Bill Tilden 6–4, 6–4, 6–3
1920   USA Bill Tilden   USA Bill Johnston 6–1, 1–6, 7–5, 5–7, 6–3
1921   USA Bill Tilden   USA Wallace Johnson 6–1, 6–3, 6–1
1922   USA Bill Tilden   USA Bill Johnston 4–6, 3–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–4
1923   USA Bill Tilden   USA Bill Johnston 6–4, 6–1, 6–4
1924   USA Bill Tilden   USA Bill Johnston 6–1, 9–7, 6–2
1925   USA Bill Tilden   USA Bill Johnston 4–6, 11–9, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3
1926   FRA René Lacoste   FRA Jean Borotra 6–4, 6–0, 6–4
1927   FRA René Lacoste   USA Bill Tilden 11–9, 6–3, 11–9
1928   FRA Henri Cochet   USA Francis Hunter 4–6, 6–4, 3–6, 7–5, 6–3
1929   USA Bill Tilden   USA Francis Hunter 3–6, 6–3, 4–6, 6–2, 6–4
1930   USA John Doeg   USA Francis Shields 10–8, 1–6, 6–4, 16–14
1931   USA Ellsworth Vines   USA George Lott 7–9, 6–3, 9–7, 7–5
1932   USA Ellsworth Vines   FRA Henri Cochet 6–4, 6–4, 6–4
1933   GBR Fred Perry   AUS Jack Crawford 6–3, 11–13, 4–6, 6–0, 6–1
1934   GBR Fred Perry   USA Wilmer Allison 6–4, 6–3, 1–6, 8–6
1935   USA Wilmer Allison   USA Sidney Wood 6–2, 6–2, 6–3
1936   GBR Fred Perry   USA Don Budge 2–6, 6–2, 8–6, 1–6, 10–8
1937   USA Don Budge   GER Gottfried von Cramm 6–1, 7–9, 6–1, 3–6, 6–1
1938   USA Don Budge   USA Gene Mako 6–3, 6–8, 6–2, 6–1
1939   USA Bobby Riggs   USA Welby Van Horn 6–4, 6–2, 6–4
1940   USA Don McNeill   USA Bobby Riggs 4–6, 6–8, 6–3, 6–3, 7–5
1941   USA Bobby Riggs   USA Frank Kovacs 5–7, 6–1, 6–3, 6–3
1942   USA Ted Schroeder   USA Frank Parker 8–6, 7–5, 3–6, 4–6, 6–2
1943   USA Joseph Hunt   USA Jack Kramer 6–3, 6–8, 10–8, 6–0
1944   USA Frank Parker   USA Bill Talbert 6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3
1945   USA Frank Parker   USA Bill Talbert 14–12, 6–1, 6–2
1946   USA Jack Kramer   USA Tom Brown 9–7, 6–3, 6–0
1947   USA Jack Kramer   USA Frank Parker 4–6, 2–6, 6–1, 6–0, 6–3
1948   USA Pancho Gonzales   RSA Eric Sturgess 6–2, 6–3, 14–12
1949   USA Pancho Gonzales   USA Ted Schroeder 16–18, 2–6, 6–1, 6–2, 6–4
1950   USA Arthur Larsen   USA Herbert Flam 6–3, 4–6, 5–7, 6–4, 6–3
1951   AUS Frank Sedgman   USA Vic Seixas 6–4, 6–1, 6–1
1952   AUS Frank Sedgman   USA Gardnar Mulloy 6–1, 6–2, 6–3
1953   USA Tony Trabert   USA Vic Seixas 6–3, 6–2, 6–3
1954   USA Vic Seixas   AUS Rex Hartwig 3–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–4
1955   USA Tony Trabert   AUS Ken Rosewall 9–7, 6–3, 6–3
1956   AUS Ken Rosewall   AUS Lew Hoad 4–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–3
1957   AUS Malcolm Anderson   AUS Ashley Cooper 10–8, 7–5, 6–4
1958   AUS Ashley Cooper   AUS Malcolm Anderson 6–2, 3–6, 4–6, 10–8, 8–6
1959   AUS Neale Fraser   USA Alex Olmedo 6–3, 5–7, 6–2, 6–4
1960   AUS Neale Fraser   AUS Rod Laver 6–4, 6–4, 9–7
1961   AUS Roy Emerson   AUS Rod Laver 7–5, 6–3, 6–2
1962   AUS Rod Laver   AUS Roy Emerson 6–2, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4
1963   MEX Rafael Osuna   USA Frank Froehling 7–5, 6–4, 6–2
1964   AUS Roy Emerson   AUS Fred Stolle 6–4, 6–2, 6–4
1965   ESP Manuel Santana   RSA Cliff Drysdale 6–2, 7–9, 7–5, 6–1
1966   AUS Fred Stolle   AUS John Newcombe 4–6, 12–10, 6–3, 6–4
1967   AUS John Newcombe   USA Clark Graebner 4–6, 12–10, 6–3, 6–4
1968   USA Arthur Ashe[e]   NED Tom Okker 14–12, 5–7, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3
1969   AUS Rod Laver   AUS Tony Roche 7–9, 6–1, 6–2, 6–2
1970   AUS Ken Rosewall   AUS Tony Roche 2–6, 6–4, 7–6(5–2), 6–3
1971   USA Stan Smith   TCH Jan Kodeš 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6(5–3)
1972   ROU Ilie Năstase   USA Arthur Ashe 3–6, 6–3, 6–7(1–5), 6–4, 6–3
1973   AUS John Newcombe   TCH Jan Kodeš 6–4, 1–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2
1974   USA Jimmy Connors   AUS Ken Rosewall 6–1, 6–0, 6–1
1975   ESP Manuel Orantes   USA Jimmy Connors 6–4, 6–3, 6–3
1976   USA Jimmy Connors   SWE Björn Borg 6–4, 3–6, 7–6(11–9), 6–4
1977   ARG Guillermo Vilas   USA Jimmy Connors 2–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4), 6–0
1978   USA Jimmy Connors   SWE Björn Borg 6–4, 6–2, 6–2
1979   USA John McEnroe   USA Vitas Gerulaitis 7–5, 6–3, 6–3
1980   USA John McEnroe   SWE Björn Borg 7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–7(5–7), 5–7, 6–4
1981   USA John McEnroe   SWE Björn Borg 4–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–3
1982   USA Jimmy Connors   TCH Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 6–4
1983   USA Jimmy Connors   TCH Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–7(2–7), 7–5, 6–0
1984   USA John McEnroe   TCH Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1
1985   TCH Ivan Lendl   USA John McEnroe 7–6(7–1), 6–3, 6–4
1986   TCH Ivan Lendl   TCH Miloslav Mečíř 6–4, 6–2, 6–0
1987   TCH Ivan Lendl   SWE Mats Wilander 6–7(7–9), 6–0, 7–6(7–4), 6–4
1988   SWE Mats Wilander   TCH Ivan Lendl 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4
1989   FRG Boris Becker   TCH Ivan Lendl 7–6(7–2), 1–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4)
1990   USA Pete Sampras   USA Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2
1991   SWE Stefan Edberg   USA Jim Courier 6–2, 6–4, 6–0
1992   SWE Stefan Edberg   USA Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–5), 6–2
1993   USA Pete Sampras   FRA Cédric Pioline 6–4, 6–4, 6–3
1994   USA Andre Agassi   GER Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6(7–5), 7–5
1995   USA Pete Sampras   USA Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5
1996   USA Pete Sampras   USA Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6(7–3)
1997   AUS Patrick Rafter   GBR Greg Rusedski 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5
1998   AUS Patrick Rafter   AUS Mark Philippoussis 6–3, 3–6, 6–2, 6–0
1999   USA Andre Agassi   USA Todd Martin 6–4, 6–7(5–7), 6–7(2–7), 6–3, 6–2
2000   RUS Marat Safin   USA Pete Sampras 6–4, 6–3, 6–3
2001   AUS Lleyton Hewitt   USA Pete Sampras 7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–1
2002   USA Pete Sampras   USA Andre Agassi 6–3, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4
2003   USA Andy Roddick   ESP Juan Carlos Ferrero 6–3, 7–6(7–2), 6–3
2004    SUI Roger Federer   AUS Lleyton Hewitt 6–0, 7–6(7–3), 6–0
2005    SUI Roger Federer   USA Andre Agassi 6–3, 2–6, 7–6(7–1), 6–1
2006    SUI Roger Federer   USA Andy Roddick 6–2, 4–6, 7–5, 6–1
2007    SUI Roger Federer   SRB Novak Ðoković 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–2), 6–4
2008    SUI Roger Federer   GBR Andy Murray 6–2, 7–5, 6–2

Statistical information

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A grass court match in Newport during the 1911 U.S. National Championships
 
Arthur Ashe Stadium has been the tournament's main court since 1997
 
The main court during a 2008 quarterfinal encounter between Roddick and Ðoković.
 
The American flag unfolded during the 2008 US Open opening ceremonies
 
Roger Federer holding the men's singles champion's trophy after his 2008 victory
 
Photographers shooting 2007 champion Roger Federer with the US Open trophy

Multiple champions

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USNLTA clubs members only event
Title defended in the challenge round
Active player +
Player Amateur Era Open Era All-time Years
  William Larned (USA) 7 0 7 1901, 1902, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911
  Richard Sears (USA) 7 0 7 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887
  Bill Tilden (USA) 7 0 7 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929
  Jimmy Connors (USA) 0 5 5 1974, 1976, 1978, 1982, 1983
  Roger Federer (SUI) + 0 5 5 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
  Pete Sampras (USA) 0 5 5 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2002
  John McEnroe (USA) 0 4 4 1979, 1980, 1981, 1984
  Robert Wrenn (USA) 4 0 4 1893, 1894, 1896, 1897
  Oliver Campbell (USA) 3 0 3 1890, 1891, 1892
  Ivan Lendl (TCH) 0 3 3 1985, 1986, 1987
  Fred Perry (GBR) 3 0 3 1933, 1934, 1936
  Malcolm Whitman (USA) 3 0 3 1898, 1899, 1900
  Andre Agassi (USA) 0 2 2 1994, 1999
  Don Budge (USA) 2 0 2 1937, 1938
  Stefan Edberg (SWE) 0 2 2 1991, 1992
  Roy Emerson (AUS) 2 0 2 1961, 1964
  Neale Fraser (AUS) 2 0 2 1959, 1960
  Pancho Gonzales (USA) 2 0 2 1948, 1949
  Bill Johnston (USA) 2 0 2 1915, 1919
  Jack Kramer (USA) 2 0 2 1946, 1947
  René Lacoste (FRA) 2 0 2 1926, 1927
  Rod Laver (AUS) 1 1 2 1962, 1969
  Maurice McLoughlin (USA) 2 0 2 1912, 1913
  Lindley Murray (USA) 2 0 2 1917, 1918
  John Newcombe (AUS) 1 1 2 1967, 1973
  Frank Parker (USA) 2 0 2 1944, 1945
  Patrick Rafter (AUS) 0 2 2 1997, 1998
  Bobby Riggs (USA) 2 0 2 1939, 1941
  Ken Rosewall (AUS) 1 1 2 1956, 1970
  Frank Sedgman (AUS) 2 0 2 1951, 1952
  Henry Slocum (USA) 2 0 2 1888, 1889
  Tony Trabert (USA) 2 0 2 1953, 1955
  Ellsworth Vines (USA) 2 0 2 1931, 1932
  Richard Norris Williams (USA) 2 0 2 1914, 1916

Champions by country

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Former country ¤
Country Amateur Era Open Era All-time First title Last title
  United States (USA) 66 19 85 1881 2003
  Australia (AUS) 12 6 18 1951 2001
   Switzerland (SUI) 0 5 5 2004 2008
  United Kingdom (UK/GBR)[f] 4 0 4 1903 1936
  Czechoslovakia (TCH) ¤[g] 0 3 3 1985 1987
  France (FRA) 3 0 3 1926 1928
  Sweden (SWE) 0 3 3 1988 1992
  Spain (ESP) 1 1 2 1965 1975
  Argentina (ARG) 0 1 1 1977 1977
  Germany (GER)[h] 0 1 1 1989 1989
  Mexico (MEX) 1 0 1 1963 1963
  Romania (ROU) 0 1 1 1972 1972
  Russia (RUS) 0 1 1 2000 2000

Notes

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References

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General
  • "History > Men's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  • "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
Specific
  1. ^ "Tournament profile - US Open". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
  2. ^ a b c "History of the U.S. National Championships/US Open". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06708. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ^ a b c "History > Men's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  4. ^ a b "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  5. ^ a b c d Talbert, William F. (1967). Tennis observed: The USLTA men's singles champions, 1881-1966. Barre Publishers. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b "History > Year-by-Year History". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  7. ^ "Breaking with tradition". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. 2004-01-25. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  8. ^ Susan B. Adams (1998-08-30). "The U.S. Open: A Celebration - A Retrospective: The Men; Twin Pillars of Fire and Ice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  9. ^ Howard Fendrich (2008-10-09). "Federer feels 'much better ... than I ever have'". USA Today. Associated Press (AP). Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  10. ^ "2008 Prize Money". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  11. ^ "Olympus US Open Series at a glance". usopenseries.com. United States Tennis Association. 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  12. ^ "List of Classified Court Surfaces". itftennis.com. ITF Licensing. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
  13. ^ Williams, Paul B. (1921). United States Lawn Tennis Association and the World War. United States National Lawn Tennis Association, Robert Hamilton company.
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