Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 531 (VMFA-531) was a United States Marine Corps fighter squadron consisting of various types aircraft from its inception culminating with the F/A-18 Hornet. Known as the "Grey Ghosts", the squadron participated in action during World War II and the Vietnam War. They were decommissioned on 27 March 1992.
| Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 531 | |
|---|---|
 VMFA-531 Insignia | |
| Active | 16 November 1942 – 27 March 1992 |
| Country |  United States of America |
| Branch |  United States Marine Corps |
| Type | Fighter/Attack |
| Role | Close air support Air interdiction Aerial reconnaissance |
| Part of | Inactive |
| Nickname(s) | "Grey Ghosts" |
| Tail Code | EC |
| Engagements | |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | LtCol Robert P. Keller LtCol John F. Goodman LtCol Keith Stalder |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Bomber | Lockheed PV-1 Ventura Douglas SBD Dauntless Curtiss SB2C Helldiver |
| Fighter | Grumman F7F Tigercat Douglas F3D Skynight Douglas F4D Skyray McDonnell-Douglas F-4 Phantom II McDonnell-Douglas F/A-18 Hornet |
| Trainer | North American SNJ Brewster SB2A Buccaneer |
History
editWorld War II
editMarine Night Fighter Squadron 531 (VMF(N)-531) was commissioned on 16 November 1942 at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.[1] On 9 January 1943 the squadron became part of the Fleet Marine Force and on 1 April was absorbed by Marine Aircraft Group 53 (MAG-53). The squadron took delivery of its first non-trainer aircraft, the Lockheed PV-1 Ventura on 15 February. Due to the uniqueness of their night fight mission, VMF(N)-531 was placed under the direction of the Commandant of the Marine Corps until it was ready to deploy to combat.
Responding to Japanese night attacks on Guadalcanal, MAG-53 was reassigned to the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing on 15 April 1943 and was quickly ordered to deploy to the South Pacific as soon as possible. VMF(N)-531 was the first combat squadron to leave MCAS Cherry Point. After layovers in Hawaii and Espiritu Santo, the squadron finally arrived at Renard Field on Banika in the Russell Islands on 11 September. Joining Marine Aircraft Group 21, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, the Grey Ghosts flew their first combat patrol on 16 September making them the first naval aviation night-fighter squadron to operate in the South Pacific.[1] The squadron's first kill was made by Captain Duane Jenkins, who happened upon a Betty bomber on the evening of 13 November 1943.
The first kill aided by GCI did not come until 6 December.[2] During their tour in the Pacific, the squadron operated out of fields in the Russell Islands, Vella Lavella and Bougainville. They accounted for 12 enemy planes shot down by 5 different crews, all at night, with a loss of 6 of their own aircraft and 17 crew members, none of them a result of enemy fire. The squadron returned to MCAS Cherry Point on 1 September 1944 and was quickly deactivated only to be reactivated a short time later on 13 October at Marine Corps Auxiliary Airfield Kinston (MCAAF Kinston), North Carolina and reassigned to MAG-53, 9th Marine Aircraft Wing. A short time later the squadron moved to Marine Corps Air Station Eagle Mountain Lake near Fort Worth, Texas to operate as a training squadron for replacement pilots and ground control intercept operators being sent overseas.
Following the conclusion of World War II, the squadron was relocated back to MCAS Cherry Point and in March 1947 reassigned to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW).
1950s
editThe Vietnam War
editOn 10 April 1965, 15 F-4Bs from the squadron arrived at Da Nang Air Base, South Vietnam becoming the first land-based Marine Corps jets during the Vietnam War. They immediately began flying bombing missions under radar guidance and standard close air support missions in support of Marines on the ground.[3][4][5]
The 1980s to 1992
editOn 29 May 1983, 531 received its first F/A-18 Hornet, becoming the 3rd fleet squadron to receive the new fighter.[6]
LtCol Keith J. Stalder was the commanding officer from December 1990 to the time the squadron was decommissioned 21 March 1992.[7]
Gallery
edit-
A PV-1 of VMF(N)-531 in the Solomons, 1943
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VMF(N)-531 F7F-3N in 1950
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VMF(AW)-531 F3D-2 in 1957
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VMF(AW)-531 F4D-1 in 1960
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A VMFA-531 F-4B operating from HMS Ark Royal in 1973
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A VMFA-531 F-4N landing on the USS Coral Sea in 1980
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An F/A-18A of VMFA-531 in 1985
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See also
editReferences
edit- Notes
- ^ a b Sherrod 1952, pp. 473.
- ^ Porter & Hammel 1985, pp. 183–84.
- ^ Eden Encyclopedia, p.321.
- ^ Dorr 2005, pp. 312–313.
- ^ Simmons 2003, pp. 222.
- ^ "VMFA-531 Squadron History". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2007.
- ^ VMFA-531 Commanding Officers
- Bibliography
- Dorr, Robert F. (2005). Marine Air - The History of the Flying Leathernecks in Words and Photos. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-425-20725-0.
- Porter, Bruce; Hammel, Eric (1985). Ace! - A Marine Night Fighter Pilot in World War II. Pacifica Press. ISBN 0-935553-31-2.
- Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle - Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939 - 1945. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31906-5.
- Sherrod, Robert (1952). History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Combat Forces Press.
- Shettle Jr., M. L. (2001). United States Marine Corps Air Stations of World War II. Bowersville, Georgia: Schaertel Publishing Co. ISBN 0-9643388-2-3.
- Simmons, Edwin H. (2003). The United States Marines: A History, Fourth Edition. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-790-5.
- Quilter, Colonel Charles J. II; Chapin, Captain John C. (2001). A History of Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 531 (PDF). PCN 19000319600. Washington D.C.: History and Museums Division, Headquarters, United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
- Web