capall

Irish

Capall

Etymology

From Old Irish capall,^[1] related to Welsh ceffyl and Latin caballus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkapˠəl̪ˠ/^[2]

Noun

capall m (genitive singular capaill, nominative plural capaill)

horse (large hoofed animal)
Synonym: each

Is minic a rinne bromach gioblach capall cumasach. (proverb)
Many a ragged colt made a noble horse.
(Ulster) mare
Synonym: láir
(genitive singular as attributive adjective) large, coarse (species of something)

Declension

Declension of capall

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	capall	capaill
Vocative	a chapaill	a chapalla
Genitive	capaill	capall
Dative	capall	capaill

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an capall	na capaill
Genitive	an chapaill	na gcapall
Dative	leis an gcapall don chapall	leis na capaill

Alternative plural: caiple (Cois Fharraige)

Hyponyms

bromach (“colt”)
cairiún (“gelding”)
cliobóg (“filly”)
gearrán (“gelding”)
láir (“mare”)
láireog (“filly”)
searrach (“foal”)
stail (“stallion”)

Derived terms

ar chapall (“on horseback”, adverb)
ar muin capaill (“on horseback”, adverb)
athchapall m (“remount”)
beach chapaill f (“wasp”)
beithíoch capaill (“horse”)
buaic capaill (“crest of horse”)
capaill bhána m pl (“white horses, crested waves”)
capaillín m (“pony”)
capall ardfhola m (“thorough-bred horse”)
capall ardualaigh m (“pack-horse”)
capall cogaidh m (“charger”)
capall coille m (“capercaillie”)
capall cóiste m (“coach-horse”)
capall diallaite m (“saddle-horse”)
capall fiaigh m (“hunter”)
capall folaíochta m (“thoroughbred horse”)
capall luascáin m (“rocking-horse”)
capall maide m (“hobby-horse”)
capall marcaíochta m (“hackney”)
capall marclaigh m (“pack-horse”)
capall rása m (“racehorse”)
capall sáiteach m (“borer”)
capall sealaíochta m (“relay horse”)
capall seilge m (“hunter”)
capall tarlaithe m (“draught-horse”)
capall tarraingthe m (“draught-horse”)
capall ualaigh m (“pack-horse”)
capallach (“equine”, adjective)
cíor chapaill f (“curry-comb”)
cnó capaill m (“horse-chestnut”)
coiléar capaill m (“horse-collar”)
coirb capaill (“withers”)
cruimh chapaill f (“grub of tiger moth”)
eireaball capaill (“horsetail”)
faocha chapaill f (“whelk”)
féar capaill m (“cat’s-tail grass”)
feoil chapaill f (“horsemeat”)
fia-chapall m (“wild horse”)
gearrchapall m (“pony”)
giolla capaill m (“horse-boy”)
leathchapall m (“medium-sized horse, cob”)
pana capaill (“horse-cloth, housing”)
péist chapaill f (“large caterpillar”)
rás capall (“horse race”)
rásaíocht chapall f (“horse-racing”)
scothchapall m (“medium-sized horse”)
seamair chapaill f (“red clover”)
seangán capaill m (“black ant”)
sos capall (“relay of horses”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
capall	chapall	gcapall
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “capall”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 361, page 123

Old Irish

Etymology

Uncertain. The Old Irish /p/ and the /f/ in Welsh ceffyl suggest an earlier *pp, making it impossible to be directly related to Gaulish Caballo-, which occurs in proper nouns. A common source of the Irish and Welsh words could be a hypothetical Vulgar Latin *cappillus, some kind of contamination of caballus (“horse”) and capellus (“small goat”). Latin caballus is assumed to be a borrowing from Gaulish. This might in turn be a Wanderwort originating in Asia, compare Ancient Greek καβάλλης (kabállēs, “a nag”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈkapal͈]

Noun

capall m (genitive capaill, nominative plural capaill)

horse

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	capall	capall^L	capaill^L
Vocative	capaill	capall^L	caipliu^H
Accusative	capall^N	capall^L	caipliu^H
Genitive	capaill^L	capall	capall^N
Dative	capull^L	caiplib	caiplib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Irish: capall
Manx: cabbyl
Scottish Gaelic: capall
→ Old Norse: kapall
- Icelandic: kapall

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
capall	chapall	capall pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

^ Vendryes, Joseph (1987) Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien (in French), volume C, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, pages C-33-34
^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, page 567; reprinted 2017 (Please provide a date or year)

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish capall (“horse”), related to Welsh ceffyl and Latin caballus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkʰahpəl̪ˠ/

Noun

capall m (genitive singular capaill, plural capaill)

colt
mare (female horse)

Usage notes

Even when meaning "mare", retains masculine gender.

Derived terms

capall-aibhne (“hippopotamus”)
capall-coille (“capercaillie”)
capall-lìn (“flax beater”)
capall-mara (“seahorse”)
capall-uallaich (“packhorse”)

Mutation

Mutation of *capall*
radical	lenition
capall	chapall

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

capall

Contents

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Descendants

Mutation

References

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Derived terms

Mutation

Further reading