Tone HH
|
Infinitive
|
ukufihla
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukufihla
|
ukungafihli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
fihla
|
-fihle
|
Plural
|
fihlani
|
-fihleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyafihla, ngifihla
|
engifihlayo, engifihla
|
ngifihla
|
angifihli
|
engingafihli
|
ngingafihli
|
2nd singular
|
uyafihla, ufihla
|
ofihlayo, ofihla
|
ufihla
|
awufihli
|
ongafihli
|
ungafihli
|
1st plural
|
siyafihla, sifihla
|
esifihlayo, esifihla
|
sifihla
|
asifihli
|
esingafihli
|
singafihli
|
2nd plural
|
niyafihla, nifihla
|
enifihlayo, enifihla
|
nifihla
|
anifihli
|
eningafihli
|
ningafihli
|
Class 1
|
uyafihla, ufihla
|
ofihlayo, ofihla
|
efihla
|
akafihli
|
ongafihli
|
engafihli
|
Class 2
|
bayafihla, bafihla
|
abafihlayo, abafihla
|
befihla
|
abafihli
|
abangafihli
|
bengafihli
|
Class 3
|
uyafihla, ufihla
|
ofihlayo, ofihla
|
ufihla
|
awufihli
|
ongafihli
|
ungafihli
|
Class 4
|
iyafihla, ifihla
|
efihlayo, efihla
|
ifihla
|
ayifihli
|
engafihli
|
ingafihli
|
Class 5
|
liyafihla, lifihla
|
elifihlayo, elifihla
|
lifihla
|
alifihli
|
elingafihli
|
lingafihli
|
Class 6
|
ayafihla, afihla
|
afihlayo, afihla
|
efihla
|
awafihli
|
angafihli
|
engafihli
|
Class 7
|
siyafihla, sifihla
|
esifihlayo, esifihla
|
sifihla
|
asifihli
|
esingafihli
|
singafihli
|
Class 8
|
ziyafihla, zifihla
|
ezifihlayo, ezifihla
|
zifihla
|
azifihli
|
ezingafihli
|
zingafihli
|
Class 9
|
iyafihla, ifihla
|
efihlayo, efihla
|
ifihla
|
ayifihli
|
engafihli
|
ingafihli
|
Class 10
|
ziyafihla, zifihla
|
ezifihlayo, ezifihla
|
zifihla
|
azifihli
|
ezingafihli
|
zingafihli
|
Class 11
|
luyafihla, lufihla
|
olufihlayo, olufihla
|
lufihla
|
alufihli
|
olungafihli
|
lungafihli
|
Class 14
|
buyafihla, bufihla
|
obufihlayo, obufihla
|
bufihla
|
abufihli
|
obungafihli
|
bungafihli
|
Class 15
|
kuyafihla, kufihla
|
okufihlayo, okufihla
|
kufihla
|
akufihli
|
okungafihli
|
kungafihli
|
Class 17
|
kuyafihla, kufihla
|
okufihlayo, okufihla
|
kufihla
|
akufihli
|
okungafihli
|
kungafihli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngifihlile, ngifihlē
|
engifihlile, engifihlē
|
ngifihlile, ngifihlē
|
angifihlanga
|
engingafihlanga
|
ngingafihlanga
|
2nd singular
|
ufihlile, ufihlē
|
ofihlile, ofihlē
|
ufihlile, ufihlē
|
awufihlanga
|
ongafihlanga
|
ungafihlanga
|
1st plural
|
sifihlile, sifihlē
|
esifihlile, esifihlē
|
sifihlile, sifihlē
|
asifihlanga
|
esingafihlanga
|
singafihlanga
|
2nd plural
|
nifihlile, nifihlē
|
enifihlile, enifihlē
|
nifihlile, nifihlē
|
anifihlanga
|
eningafihlanga
|
ningafihlanga
|
Class 1
|
ufihlile, ufihlē
|
ofihlile, ofihlē
|
efihlile, efihlē
|
akafihlanga
|
ongafihlanga
|
engafihlanga
|
Class 2
|
bafihlile, bafihlē
|
abafihlile, abafihlē
|
befihlile, befihlē
|
abafihlanga
|
abangafihlanga
|
bengafihlanga
|
Class 3
|
ufihlile, ufihlē
|
ofihlile, ofihlē
|
ufihlile, ufihlē
|
awufihlanga
|
ongafihlanga
|
ungafihlanga
|
Class 4
|
ifihlile, ifihlē
|
efihlile, efihlē
|
ifihlile, ifihlē
|
ayifihlanga
|
engafihlanga
|
ingafihlanga
|
Class 5
|
lifihlile, lifihlē
|
elifihlile, elifihlē
|
lifihlile, lifihlē
|
alifihlanga
|
elingafihlanga
|
lingafihlanga
|
Class 6
|
afihlile, afihlē
|
afihlile, afihlē
|
efihlile, efihlē
|
awafihlanga
|
angafihlanga
|
engafihlanga
|
Class 7
|
sifihlile, sifihlē
|
esifihlile, esifihlē
|
sifihlile, sifihlē
|
asifihlanga
|
esingafihlanga
|
singafihlanga
|
Class 8
|
zifihlile, zifihlē
|
ezifihlile, ezifihlē
|
zifihlile, zifihlē
|
azifihlanga
|
ezingafihlanga
|
zingafihlanga
|
Class 9
|
ifihlile, ifihlē
|
efihlile, efihlē
|
ifihlile, ifihlē
|
ayifihlanga
|
engafihlanga
|
ingafihlanga
|
Class 10
|
zifihlile, zifihlē
|
ezifihlile, ezifihlē
|
zifihlile, zifihlē
|
azifihlanga
|
ezingafihlanga
|
zingafihlanga
|
Class 11
|
lufihlile, lufihlē
|
olufihlile, olufihlē
|
lufihlile, lufihlē
|
alufihlanga
|
olungafihlanga
|
lungafihlanga
|
Class 14
|
bufihlile, bufihlē
|
obufihlile, obufihlē
|
bufihlile, bufihlē
|
abufihlanga
|
obungafihlanga
|
bungafihlanga
|
Class 15
|
kufihlile, kufihlē
|
okufihlile, okufihlē
|
kufihlile, kufihlē
|
akufihlanga
|
okungafihlanga
|
kungafihlanga
|
Class 17
|
kufihlile, kufihlē
|
okufihlile, okufihlē
|
kufihlile, kufihlē
|
akufihlanga
|
okungafihlanga
|
kungafihlanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāfihla
|
engāfihla
|
ngāfihla
|
angifihlanga
|
engingafihlanga
|
ngingafihlanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāfihla
|
owāfihla
|
wāfihla
|
awufihlanga
|
ongafihlanga
|
ungafihlanga
|
1st plural
|
sāfihla
|
esāfihla
|
sāfihla
|
asifihlanga
|
esingafihlanga
|
singafihlanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāfihla
|
enāfihla
|
nāfihla
|
anifihlanga
|
eningafihlanga
|
ningafihlanga
|
Class 1
|
wāfihla
|
owāfihla
|
āfihla
|
akafihlanga
|
ongafihlanga
|
engafihlanga
|
Class 2
|
bāfihla
|
abāfihla
|
bāfihla
|
abafihlanga
|
abangafihlanga
|
bengafihlanga
|
Class 3
|
wāfihla
|
owāfihla
|
wāfihla
|
awufihlanga
|
ongafihlanga
|
ungafihlanga
|
Class 4
|
yāfihla
|
eyāfihla
|
yāfihla
|
ayifihlanga
|
engafihlanga
|
ingafihlanga
|
Class 5
|
lāfihla
|
elāfihla
|
lāfihla
|
alifihlanga
|
elingafihlanga
|
lingafihlanga
|
Class 6
|
āfihla
|
āfihla
|
āfihla
|
awafihlanga
|
angafihlanga
|
engafihlanga
|
Class 7
|
sāfihla
|
esāfihla
|
sāfihla
|
asifihlanga
|
esingafihlanga
|
singafihlanga
|
Class 8
|
zāfihla
|
ezāfihla
|
zāfihla
|
azifihlanga
|
ezingafihlanga
|
zingafihlanga
|
Class 9
|
yāfihla
|
eyāfihla
|
yāfihla
|
ayifihlanga
|
engafihlanga
|
ingafihlanga
|
Class 10
|
zāfihla
|
ezāfihla
|
zāfihla
|
azifihlanga
|
ezingafihlanga
|
zingafihlanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāfihla
|
olwāfihla
|
lwāfihla
|
alufihlanga
|
olungafihlanga
|
lungafihlanga
|
Class 14
|
bāfihla
|
obāfihla
|
bāfihla
|
abufihlanga
|
obungafihlanga
|
bungafihlanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāfihla
|
okwāfihla
|
kwāfihla
|
akufihlanga
|
okungafihlanga
|
kungafihlanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāfihla
|
okwāfihla
|
kwāfihla
|
akufihlanga
|
okungafihlanga
|
kungafihlanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingafihla
|
—
|
ngingafihla
|
ngingefihle
|
—
|
ngingefihle
|
2nd singular
|
ungafihla
|
—
|
ungafihla
|
ungefihle
|
—
|
ungefihle
|
1st plural
|
singafihla
|
—
|
singafihla
|
singefihle
|
—
|
singefihle
|
2nd plural
|
ningafihla
|
—
|
ningafihla
|
ningefihle
|
—
|
ningefihle
|
Class 1
|
angafihla
|
—
|
engafihla
|
angefihle
|
—
|
engefihle
|
Class 2
|
bangafihla
|
—
|
bengafihla
|
bangefihle
|
—
|
bengefihle
|
Class 3
|
ungafihla
|
—
|
ungafihla
|
ungefihle
|
—
|
ungefihle
|
Class 4
|
ingafihla
|
—
|
ingafihla
|
ingefihle
|
—
|
ingefihle
|
Class 5
|
lingafihla
|
—
|
lingafihla
|
lingefihle
|
—
|
lingefihle
|
Class 6
|
angafihla
|
—
|
engafihla
|
angefihle
|
—
|
engefihle
|
Class 7
|
singafihla
|
—
|
singafihla
|
singefihle
|
—
|
singefihle
|
Class 8
|
zingafihla
|
—
|
zingafihla
|
zingefihle
|
—
|
zingefihle
|
Class 9
|
ingafihla
|
—
|
ingafihla
|
ingefihle
|
—
|
ingefihle
|
Class 10
|
zingafihla
|
—
|
zingafihla
|
zingefihle
|
—
|
zingefihle
|
Class 11
|
lungafihla
|
—
|
lungafihla
|
lungefihle
|
—
|
lungefihle
|
Class 14
|
bungafihla
|
—
|
bungafihla
|
bungefihle
|
—
|
bungefihle
|
Class 15
|
kungafihla
|
—
|
kungafihla
|
kungefihle
|
—
|
kungefihle
|
Class 17
|
kungafihla
|
—
|
kungafihla
|
kungefihle
|
—
|
kungefihle
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizofihla
|
engizofihla
|
ngizofihla
|
angizufihla
|
engingezufihla
|
ngingezufihla
|
2nd singular
|
uzofihla
|
ozofihla
|
uzofihla
|
awuzufihla
|
ongezufihla
|
ungezufihla
|
1st plural
|
sizofihla
|
esizofihla
|
sizofihla
|
asizufihla
|
esingezufihla
|
singezufihla
|
2nd plural
|
nizofihla
|
enizofihla
|
nizofihla
|
anizufihla
|
eningezufihla
|
ningezufihla
|
Class 1
|
uzofihla
|
ozofihla
|
ezofihla
|
akazufihla
|
ongezufihla
|
engezufihla
|
Class 2
|
bazofihla
|
abazofihla
|
bezofihla
|
abazufihla
|
abangezufihla
|
bengezufihla
|
Class 3
|
uzofihla
|
ozofihla
|
uzofihla
|
awuzufihla
|
ongezufihla
|
ungezufihla
|
Class 4
|
izofihla
|
ezofihla
|
izofihla
|
ayizufihla
|
engezufihla
|
ingezufihla
|
Class 5
|
lizofihla
|
elizofihla
|
lizofihla
|
alizufihla
|
elingezufihla
|
lingezufihla
|
Class 6
|
azofihla
|
azofihla
|
ezofihla
|
awazufihla
|
angezufihla
|
engezufihla
|
Class 7
|
sizofihla
|
esizofihla
|
sizofihla
|
asizufihla
|
esingezufihla
|
singezufihla
|
Class 8
|
zizofihla
|
ezizofihla
|
zizofihla
|
azizufihla
|
ezingezufihla
|
zingezufihla
|
Class 9
|
izofihla
|
ezofihla
|
izofihla
|
ayizufihla
|
engezufihla
|
ingezufihla
|
Class 10
|
zizofihla
|
ezizofihla
|
zizofihla
|
azizufihla
|
ezingezufihla
|
zingezufihla
|
Class 11
|
luzofihla
|
oluzofihla
|
luzofihla
|
aluzufihla
|
olungezufihla
|
lungezufihla
|
Class 14
|
buzofihla
|
obuzofihla
|
buzofihla
|
abuzufihla
|
obungezufihla
|
bungezufihla
|
Class 15
|
kuzofihla
|
okuzofihla
|
kuzofihla
|
akuzufihla
|
okungezufihla
|
kungezufihla
|
Class 17
|
kuzofihla
|
okuzofihla
|
kuzofihla
|
akuzufihla
|
okungezufihla
|
kungezufihla
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyofihla
|
engiyofihla
|
ngiyofihla
|
angiyufihla
|
engingeyufihla
|
ngingeyufihla
|
2nd singular
|
uyofihla
|
oyofihla
|
uyofihla
|
awuyufihla
|
ongeyufihla
|
ungeyufihla
|
1st plural
|
siyofihla
|
esiyofihla
|
siyofihla
|
asiyufihla
|
esingeyufihla
|
singeyufihla
|
2nd plural
|
niyofihla
|
eniyofihla
|
niyofihla
|
aniyufihla
|
eningeyufihla
|
ningeyufihla
|
Class 1
|
uyofihla
|
oyofihla
|
eyofihla
|
akayufihla
|
ongeyufihla
|
engeyufihla
|
Class 2
|
bayofihla
|
abayofihla
|
beyofihla
|
abayufihla
|
abangeyufihla
|
bengeyufihla
|
Class 3
|
uyofihla
|
oyofihla
|
uyofihla
|
awuyufihla
|
ongeyufihla
|
ungeyufihla
|
Class 4
|
iyofihla
|
eyofihla
|
iyofihla
|
ayiyufihla
|
engeyufihla
|
ingeyufihla
|
Class 5
|
liyofihla
|
eliyofihla
|
liyofihla
|
aliyufihla
|
elingeyufihla
|
lingeyufihla
|
Class 6
|
ayofihla
|
ayofihla
|
eyofihla
|
awayufihla
|
angeyufihla
|
engeyufihla
|
Class 7
|
siyofihla
|
esiyofihla
|
siyofihla
|
asiyufihla
|
esingeyufihla
|
singeyufihla
|
Class 8
|
ziyofihla
|
eziyofihla
|
ziyofihla
|
aziyufihla
|
ezingeyufihla
|
zingeyufihla
|
Class 9
|
iyofihla
|
eyofihla
|
iyofihla
|
ayiyufihla
|
engeyufihla
|
ingeyufihla
|
Class 10
|
ziyofihla
|
eziyofihla
|
ziyofihla
|
aziyufihla
|
ezingeyufihla
|
zingeyufihla
|
Class 11
|
luyofihla
|
oluyofihla
|
luyofihla
|
aluyufihla
|
olungeyufihla
|
lungeyufihla
|
Class 14
|
buyofihla
|
obuyofihla
|
buyofihla
|
abuyufihla
|
obungeyufihla
|
bungeyufihla
|
Class 15
|
kuyofihla
|
okuyofihla
|
kuyofihla
|
akuyufihla
|
okungeyufihla
|
kungeyufihla
|
Class 17
|
kuyofihla
|
okuyofihla
|
kuyofihla
|
akuyufihla
|
okungeyufihla
|
kungeyufihla
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngifihle
|
ngingafihli
|
2nd singular
|
ufihle
|
ungafihli
|
1st plural
|
sifihle
|
singafihli
|
2nd plural
|
nifihle
|
ningafihli
|
Class 1
|
afihle
|
angafihli
|
Class 2
|
bafihle
|
bangafihli
|
Class 3
|
ufihle
|
ungafihli
|
Class 4
|
ifihle
|
ingafihli
|
Class 5
|
lifihle
|
lingafihli
|
Class 6
|
afihle
|
angafihli
|
Class 7
|
sifihle
|
singafihli
|
Class 8
|
zifihle
|
zingafihli
|
Class 9
|
ifihle
|
ingafihli
|
Class 10
|
zifihle
|
zingafihli
|
Class 11
|
lufihle
|
lungafihli
|
Class 14
|
bufihle
|
bungafihli
|
Class 15
|
kufihle
|
kungafihli
|
Class 17
|
kufihle
|
kungafihli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngafihla
|
ngangafihla, angafihla, angangafihla
|
2nd singular
|
wafihla
|
wangafihla, awafihla, awangafihla
|
1st plural
|
safihla
|
sangafihla, asafihla, asangafihla
|
2nd plural
|
nafihla
|
nangafihla, anafihla, anangafihla
|
Class 1
|
wafihla
|
wangafihla, akafihla, akangafihla
|
Class 2
|
bafihla
|
bangafihla, abafihla, abangafihla
|
Class 3
|
wafihla
|
wangafihla, awafihla, awangafihla
|
Class 4
|
yafihla
|
yangafihla, ayafihla, ayangafihla
|
Class 5
|
lafihla
|
langafihla, alafihla, alangafihla
|
Class 6
|
afihla
|
angafihla, awafihla, awangafihla
|
Class 7
|
safihla
|
sangafihla, asafihla, asangafihla
|
Class 8
|
zafihla
|
zangafihla, azafihla, azangafihla
|
Class 9
|
yafihla
|
yangafihla, ayafihla, ayangafihla
|
Class 10
|
zafihla
|
zangafihla, azafihla, azangafihla
|
Class 11
|
lwafihla
|
lwangafihla, alwafihla, alwangafihla
|
Class 14
|
bafihla
|
bangafihla, abafihla, abangafihla
|
Class 15
|
kwafihla
|
kwangafihla, akwafihla, akwangafihla
|
Class 17
|
kwafihla
|
kwangafihla, akwafihla, akwangafihla
|