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Atanasie Anghel

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Atanasie Anghel Popa
Primate of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church
ChurchRomanian Greek Catholic Church
DioceseDiocese of Alba Iulia
Installed22 January 1698
Term ended19 August 1713
PredecessorTeophilus Seremi
SuccessorIoan Giurgiu Patachi
Personal details
Born
Bábolna
Died19 August 1713
Gyulafehérvár
BuriedCathedral of the Holy Trinity, Blaj

Atanasie Anghel Popa (died 19 August 1713) was a Romanian Greek-Catholic bishop of Gyulafehérvár (today Alba Iulia, Romania) between 1698 and 1713. He was the successor to Teophilus Seremi in the seat of Mitropoliei Bălgradului. Through his continued efforts, he perfected the union of the Romanians living in Transylvania and other parts of Hungary with the Catholic Church.[1]

Life

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He was born in Bábolna (today Bobâlna, part of Rapoltu Mare, Romania), the son of an Orthodox priest from Nagyrápolt (today Rapoltu Mare in Hunedoara County, Romania) who was a nobleman of Maroscsüged (today Ciugud, Romania).[2]

Anghel was ordained bishop on 22 January 1698, by Eastern Orthodox Metropolitan Teodosius (1620–1708), Primate of the Metropolitan diocese of Ungro-Wallachia and by Patriarch of Jerusalem Dositheos II (1641–1707), who was in exile.[3]

Patriarch Dositheos II also asked Bishop Atanasie Anghel to listen to both the Greek hierarchs from the court of voivode Constantin Brâncoveanu,[4] who supervised the work of the Romanian hierarchs[5] and the Transylvanian Calvinist hierarchy.

First synod of Gyulafehérvár

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Anghel's tomb, Maieri Church (Alba Iulia)

On 7 October 1698 he convened the "Union Synod" in Gyulafehérvár. The Act of Union with the Catholic Church was signed not only by Anghel, but by all members of the Synod (38 district protopopes[6] and 2270 priests), and sealed with the seal of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Gyulafehérvár (Mitropolia Bălgradului in old Romanian language). The Transylvanian Diet, controlled by Protestants, did not look favorably upon the confessional issues of the Romanian people. Large land holders began to persecute the new Romanian Greek-Catholic priests, a situation which Atanasie Anghel had to cope with. Protestant noblemen encouraged revolts among peasants opposed to joining the Catholic Church.

Under these circumstances, the bishop Atanasie Anghel convened a new synod, also held at Gyulafehérvár on 4 September 1700. This was attended not only by protopopes and priests, but also by three laymen delegates from each Romanian inhabited village. The 54 protopopes, together with the priests and all the delegations present, signed a new act which reinforced the decision of the synod of 1698, reaffirming religious unification of Romanians in Transylvania with the Catholic Church.

For Greek-Catholic bishop Atanasie Anghel, there followed years of hardship, being attacked by Calvinists and also by the Orthodox Archdiocese of Bucharest. Atanasie was summoned to Vienna to give explanations. Under these circumstances, on 7 April 1701 he made a statement that he no longer recognized the Archbishop of Bucharest as his superior.

Business activities

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Metropolitan Athanasius was accused several times of carrying out commercial activities. Fifteen years before joining Rome he bought a house in Gyulafehérvár where he brewed beer and wine. In 1703, after the union with Rome, he was summoned to cease this activity, considered incompatible with the status of bishop.[7] In 1711, he still earned income from beer production.[8]

Death

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Anghel died in Gyulafehérvár on 19 August 1713, and was buried near the old church of the Bălgrad Metropolitanate (built by the ruler Michael the Brave). Subsequently, with the construction of the Alba Carolina Citadel, the old church was demolished, and the tomb of Atanasie was moved to the cemetery near the Holy Trinity Church in Gyulafehérvár.

In 2013, the remains of Atanasie Anghel were moved to the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Blaj.[9]

Literature

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  • Octavian Bârlea: "Atanasie, Anghel Popa", in Biographical Encyclopedia on the History of Southeastern Europe. Bd. 1 Munich 1974, pp. 106–108.
  • Roman Catholic, Transylvanian, Protestant and Israeli religious archontology. Compiled by György Jakubinyi. Rev. 3 and Exp. edition. Cluj: Verbum. 2010. 58–68. He. ISBN 978-606-8059-25-9.

Notes

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  1. ^ Cârnaţiu, Pamfil (1998). Biserica Română Unită două sute cincizeci de ani de istorie. Vol. 1. Cluj-Napoca. pp. 25–31. ISBN 973-9288-11-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    - "Episcopul Atanasie Anghel Popa". Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
    - Silvestru Augustin Prunduş; Clemente Plăianu (1994). Catholicism and Romanian Orthodoxy. Short history of the Romanian United Church. Cluj: Christian Life Publishing House.
  2. ^ John M. Bota. History of the Universal Church and the Romanian Church from its origins to today. p. 162.
  3. ^ Timotei Cipariu (1855). Acts and Fragments. Blaj. p. 210.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ Onisifor Ghibu (1924). "Rost of the Patriarch of Dositei of Jerusalem in Romania, as an enemy of the Romanian people and of the Romanian language and culture". Society of Tomorrow (28). Cluj: 556.
  5. ^ Nicolae Iorga (1930). History of the Romanian Church. Vol. 2. Bucharest. p. 16.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ The signatures of the 38 protopopes were verified and authenticated by Silviu Dragomir, Romanians from Transylvania and the Union with the Church of Rome, Cluj, 1990, p. 35.
  7. ^ A. Bitay (1935). "An Outstanding Nothing in the Life of Atanasie Anghel". Historical Review. XXI: 21–22.
  8. ^ Nicolae Iorga (1933). "Two letters of Atanasie Anghel". Memoirs of the Historical Section. III. XIII. Romanian Academy: 7–8.
  9. ^ adevarul.ro
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