Jump to content

Meat & Livestock Australia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about an Australian meat and livestock company. For the equivalent British authority, see Meat and Livestock Commission.

Meat & Livestock Australia Limited
Meat & Livestock Australia
Company typeLimited by guarantee
IndustryMeat industry, livestock industry
Founded1998
HeadquartersNorth Sydney, Australia
Key people
Managing Director: Jason Strong
RevenueDecrease A$ 269.7 million (2019–20)
Number of employees
333 (2020)
SubsidiariesIntegrity Systems Company, MLA Donor Company
Websitehttps://www.mla.com.au

Meat & Livestock Australia (M&LA) is an independent company which regulates standards for meat and livestock management in Australian and international markets. Headquartered in North Sydney, Australia;[1] M&LA works closely with the Australian government, and the meat and livestock industries.[2][3][4] M&LA has numerous roles across the financial, public and research sectors.[clarification needed][5][6] The M&LA corporate group conducts research and offers marketing services to meat producers, government bodies and market analysts alike.[7][8][9][10] Forums and events are also run by M&LA aim to provide producers with the opportunity to engage with other participants in the supply chain.[11][12]

Black and white spotted cow behind barred fence
M&LA conducts research into red meat production and consumption in Australia.

The M&LA corporate group is led by Meat and Livestock Limited (M&LA Ltd.), which is the parent company of two subsidiaries that have diverse roles in the meat and livestock industry.[13] The Integrity System Company (ISC) and the MLA Donor Company (MDC) are wholly owned subsidiaries of M&LA.[14][15] Numerous studies into Australia's livestock production and marketing are funded or operated by M&LA.[2][3][16] The corporate group also participates in environmental initiatives alongside government authorities and other research bodies, which aim to address the contribution of the livestock industry to climate change in Australia.[17][18]

In its research and data analysis capacity, M&LA generates the Eastern Young Cattle Indicator (EYCI)[19][20] and supports the implementation of Meat Standards Australia (MSA) in the Australian meat industry.[21] M&LA also conducts educational programs regarding the production and consumption of red meat.[7][22][23][24] Statutory obligations which have been imposed upon M&LA by the Australian government, require the corporate group to undergo regular independent reviews of its performance and efficiency.[25][26][27] Marketing campaigns are produced by M&LA to promote red meat consumption; however, many advertisements have been subject to criticism, regarding cultural appropriation and discrimination allegations.[28][29][30][31]

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has disrupted economic markets and production globally.[32] The COVID-19 pandemic has also impacted the revenue of the M&LA corporate group.[33][34] In the 2019–20 financial year, M&LA produced an overall revenue of A$269.7 million.[35][36] M&LA experienced a 0.1% drop in revenue compared to the 2018–19 financial year, in which the corporate group accumulated a total revenue of A$269.9 million.[36][37][38][39]

History

[edit]

The M&LA group was created following the merger of Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation (AMLC)[40] and Meat Research Corporation (MRC)[41] which allowed for the privatisation of these government bodies in 1998.[42] The M&LA corporate group was made responsible for the research and development functions of AMLC and the MRC goal to providing production support.[43][44]

Meat and Livestock Australia Limited

[edit]

Established in 1998, Meat and Livestock Limited (M&LA Ltd.) is an unlisted public company limited by guarantee.[4][45][46] M&LA Ltd. consists of 333 employees as of 2020 and receives funding in the form of transaction levies.[47][48] M&LA has been declared to be an 'industry body' under the Australian Meat and Live‑stock Industry Act 1997,[49] which allows M&LA to collect such levies. A levy fee applies to animals or carcasses sold domestically or internationally by Australian producers under the Primary Industries (Excise) Levies Act 1999.[50][51][52] This act outlines the circumstances in which producers are required to pay levies and provides the differing levy rates which apply to meat and livestock, including cattle, pigs and chickens.[50]

As of 2020, 47,500 Australian meat producers held a majority of shareholdings in M&LA, which has given the company the status of being producer-owned.[4][53][54][55][56] Livestock exporters and processors also fund M&LA Ltd. through the levies paid under contract.[57] M&LA Ltd. primarily conducts research and offers marketing services on behalf of the M&LA organisation.[58][59] The 'Australian Beef. The Greatest!'[60] marketing campaign which was launched in 2017,[61] strives to increase consumer engagement with the red meat industry and promote consumption by providing recipes which incorporate beef.[62][63]

This company is also involved in encouraging international consumption of red meat through promotional competitions.[5] In 2005, M&LA Ltd. launched a campaign in collaboration with Co-op Islami[64][a] to promote red meat consumption by families in the United Arab Emirates.[6][68] The prize of the competition consisted of four tickets to Australia and a guided tour of Australian farms and processing facilities which adhere to Halal principles.[69][70]

Subsidiaries

[edit]

Integrity Systems Company

[edit]
numerous cows with yellow tags behind a barred fence
The NLIS program aims to improve transparency in the Australian livestock market.

Integrity Systems Company Limited (ISC) is a public company which was registered in 2009 and is wholly owned by M&LA Ltd.[71][72][73][b] This company implements quality assurance programs and provides administrative assistance to programs delivered by the M&LA group.[74][75] These include the National Vendor Declarations initiative (NVDs)[76] and the National Livestock Identification System.[8][26]

The NVDs system outlines requirements Australian livestock providers are required to adhere to. It prompts producers to establish a property biosecurity plan for every Property Identification Code (PIC)[c] under their name.[77][78] Providers must have completed an NVD declaration to legally transfer livestock across properties or to move livestock after a commercial sale.[79][80] In 2020, ISC released an online declaration system which allowed for the lodgement of NVDs and other declarations required under MSA and animal health regulations.[81][82] This initiative allows vendors to access and complete their declarations electronically, and aims to provide suppliers with a quick and efficient alternative to making paper declarations.[83]

ISC also administers the NLIS, which provides background information on all Australian livestock.[84][85] This system has established a national database which provides information on the residency of livestock and the other animals it has come in contact with.[85][86] Where a vendor holds livestock that could potentially be a threat to buyers and their interests, ISC can assign one of the nine NLIS Early Warning statuses to the seller's PIC.[87][88] These statuses must indicate the reason for the assignment of such a status, which is generally concerns surrounding the possibility of the livestock being exposed to a disease that could make it unsafe for human consumption.[89][90] Notification of this status is then available to buyers with an NLIS account, which grants users access to the NLIS database.[91][92] This system commenced in January 2020 and aims to support meat and livestock consumers by improving transparency in the domestic livestock market.[79][89]

MLA Donor Company

[edit]
Long shot of sheep in a field beside a lake
MLA Donor Company is classified as a 'donor body' under the Australian Meat and Livestock Industry Act 1997 (Cth).

MLA Donor Company Limited (MDC) is limited by guarantee and is wholly owned by M&LA Ltd.[93] Established in 1998, MDC is funded by the Australian Federal Government and voluntary contributions by M&LA partners, including Australian universities and breeding companies.[14][94][95] Under the Australian Meat and Livestock Industry Act 1997,[49] MDC was declared to be an "approved donor body" in 1998.[96] This declaration made MDC eligible to receive funding by the Commonwealth Government; the voluntary funds contributed to MDC for research and development is matched by the federal government.[51][97] In 2016, the MDC received A$44 Million from the government in research and development grants.[98][99] The Federal government is projected to grant A$94.628 million in 2020–21 to MDC for meat research purposes.[9][100] MDC aims to encourage independent research and innovation in Australian red meat markets by providing financial assistance for independent companies and institutions conducting their own research.[101][102][103] Launched in 2020, the BeefLinks partnership[104] between the University of Western Australia and MDC conducts research on the red meat supply chain in Western Australia.[105] The partnership also strives to develop innovative technologies to assist various participants in the red meat industry, including producers and vendors.[106][107]

Market indicators and standards

[edit]
Farmer in green sweater walking towards paddock filled with cattle
MLA Donor Company funds research which aims to improve the efficiency of production and management in the livestock industry.

M&LA aims to inform and advise producers, consumers and the Australian federal government on market conditions.[108][109] M&LA collaborates with the Australian Bureau of Statistics to gather data on red meat consumers, which informs the marketing initiatives and programs implemented by M&LA.[110][111][d] As a research body, M&LA releases indicators and supports standards which aim to simplify complex market functions and inform consumers in the meat and livestock markets.[112][113][114] The market standards endorsed by M&LA indicate the minimum meat and livestock requirements producers should aim to meet in Australia.[16] It also provides a standard for the quality of Australian red meat in domestic and international markets.[115][116][117]

Eastern Young Cattle Indicator

[edit]

The Eastern Young Cattle Indicator (EYCI) is a market indicator produced by M&LA.[118] It provides a weekly moving average of the number of young cattle sold across the Eastern states of Australia; Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria.[19][119] The price and weight of the carcasses sold are employed to calculate the EYCI, which is exhibited in cents per kilogram.[113] M&LA releases this indicator in conjunction with data analysis regarding its movement and market conditions, which is also conducted by M&LA.[112][120] The EYCI aims to inform market commentary in the Australian meat market and provides producers with an indication of current market prices.[121][122][123][124]

Meat Standards Australia

[edit]
Numerous types of meat on display with labels in a deli
MSA aims to simplify the information on the eating quality of Australian red meat.

The Meat Standards Australia (MSA) grading system is a voluntary program promoted by M&LA.[125] The system provides consumers with simplified information on the eating quality of Australian red meat and aims to improve consumer confidence in markets.[5][126][127] These standards provide an indication of beef quality to cattle markets, which subsequently influence prices.[128][129] MSA relies on data from red meat consumers and examines numerous processing systems, ageing periods and management processes to provide an indication of the meat's eating quality.[130][131][132] These include:

  • The employment of hormonal growth promotants[133] (HGPs), which increases the weight gain of cattle. The MSA considers the presence of naturally occurring steroids and artificial promotants.[134]
  • Following slaughter, meat is assigned a carcass grade which outlines the carcass’ lean and fat content. This assessment is completed before hanging and influences the MSA grade given to the meat.[135][136]
  • The hanging method utilised impacts the tenderness and subsequent eating quality of meat.
  • Meat marbling refers to the intramuscular fat of the meat which creates a marble-like appearance.

All these facets are incorporated to give the red meat a grade under the MSA system.[21][137] The MSA adheres to international standards and its implementation in Australia is overseen by M&LA.[110] The system has been trialled in numerous other countries and has been shown to have varying degrees of effectiveness in European countries.[130][138]

Environmental initiatives

[edit]

The production of meat and livestock is a significant contributor to climate change.[139][140][141][142] In Australia, these industries are collectively the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases and are responsible for 56% of all methane emissions.[17][143][144] M&LA has funded and participated in projects which aim to address the environmental impact of livestock production.[145][146]

Greenhouse gases being released into the atmosphere
Environmental programs conducted by M&LA aim to reduce the large greenhouse gas emissions made by the Australian meat and livestock industries.

National Livestock Methane Program

[edit]

This program was a research and development initiative conducted by M&LA, CSRIO and the Australian Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment.[146][147][148] Commencing in 2012, the four-year program aimed to create environmentally conscious business plans for Australian livestock producers, which allow for the reduction of methane emissions produced by cattle and improve profit margins.[149][150] Between 2012 and 2015, M&LA provided A$1,350,000 under the National Livestock Methane Program (NLMP).[146][147][150] This funding was directed towards research into new technologies and management strategies to reduce methane emissions in livestock production.[150][151][152] The implementation of production and management techniques encouraged under NLMP was found to assist in the reduction of beef cattle methane emissions by 24% nationally in 2015.[18][153][154][155]

Red algae underwater
Red algae have been researched by M&LA as a supplement in feed to reduce to cattle methane emissions.

Carbon neutral by 2030

[edit]

M&LA led the 2017 "CN30" goal of the meat and livestock industries, which aims to make both industries carbon-neutral by 2030.[156][157][158] M&LA aims to support this goal by funding research into carbon storage systems and formulating environmental management strategies which can be implemented by livestock producers.[159][160] The "CN30" goal requires that there are no net emissions made in the production and processing of meat, which has been scrutinised for being too ambitious due to the magnitude of emissions the industries are responsible for.[161][157][160] Detailed and consistent policy, alongside strong incentives for producers, is considered vital on behalf of M&LA to achieve carbon neutrality within this restricted time period.[159][162][163]

Under this initiative, M&LA has researched the use of numerous macroalgae species in feed for beef cattle.[145][164] The findings from the study orchestrated in conjunction with CSIRO and James Cook University promoted the inclusion of Asparagopsis, which is a species of red algae, as a supplement in cattle feed.[165][166] Asparagopsis was found to be the most effective red algae in the study at reducing the methane emitted by cattle, reducing emissions by 80% when Asparagopsis accounted for 3% of the cattle's feed.[167][168][169]

Performance

[edit]
Portrait of seven sheep grouped closely together
M&LA is required to undergo regular independent review.

As MDC receives funding from the Australian federal government,[96][97] the performance of the M&LA corporate group is regularly monitored through mandated independent reviews.[98] The Australian Federal government has imposed reviewing regulations which aim to improve the transparency of M&LA as an authority.[2][18] These measures also strive to promote efficiency in the execution of its initiatives and programs.[3][27]

In 2020, ACIL Allen Consulting released an independent review which analysed the functions and activities of M&LA.[170] The review analysed the performance and efficiency of M&LA and the company's subsidiaries between 2016 and 2020. ACIL Allen Consulting administered this review as required by the statutory funding agreement between M&LA and the Australian government.[171] Established in 2016, this agreement requires M&LA to adhere to these transparency requirements prescribed by the federal government in order to receive government funding.[25][172][173][174][e]

ACIL Allen Consulting review

[edit]
Numerous meats packaged in freezer of a supermarket
The report conducted by ACIL Allen Consulting provided recommendations for M&LA to implement.

The independent review conducted by ACIL Allen Consulting inquired into the efficiency, operations and overall performance of M&LA as an institution in the Australian red meat industry over the past five years.[175][176][177][f] The role and performance of the subsidiary companies within the M&LA group were also reviewed.[171] The review outlined some functions and practices exercised by M&LA which require improvement and proposed recommendations to enhance the performance of the authority.[178][179] ACIL Allen Consulting concluded that M&LA was a large and complex authority, with numerous roles at all stages in the meat and livestock supply chains.[98][180] The report indicates that M&LA has improved correspondence with shareholders and provided enhanced assistance to the Federal Government in the negotiation of trade agreements within the review period.[25][181][182][page needed] The failure of M&LA to engage in major research and development projects that would provide a greater return to the meat and livestock industries at large was also raised in the report.[183][184][185][186] The corporate group was encouraged to become less financially conservative and fund projects that did carry more financial risk than small-scale initiatives, however has the potential to provide significant economic benefits for the industry.[25][180] Five overarching recommendations are offered in the review,[g] regarding the function of the subsidiaries in the M&LA corporate group. These included establishing a long-term policy direction, ensuring adequate funding for ISC and improving the transparency of MDC.[187][188][189] The findings of this report are projected to be considered by the Australian government in the 2020 renewal of the statutory funding agreement it holds with M&LA.[190][191]

Marketing controversies

[edit]

The marketing services offered by M&LA aim to increase awareness of the benefits of red meat and encourage more domestic consumption.[192] However, numerous marketing campaigns conducted by M&LA have also been condemned over claims of cultural insensitivity, and satirisation of veganism and vegetarianism.[192][193][194] The 'You Never Lamb Alone' advertisement series is produced by M&LA as a part of its 'We Love Our Lamb' marketing campaign.[195] The initiative aims to promote lamb consumption by the Australian population in a comedic manner; however, this approach has attracted criticism in regards to the representation of Australia's cultural identity.[29][196][197]

2016 campaigns

[edit]
Green circle containing a 'v'
A 2016 M&LA advertisement received complaints from the Australian public for allegedly promoting violence against vegans.

'Operation Boomerang' was a 2016 advertising initiative conducted by M&LA under the 'We Love Our Lamb' campaign, to promote red meat consumption on Australia Day.[198] It contained a scene depicting a member of a SWAT team breaking into the homes of vegans and employing a flamethrower to burn their food.[199] The advertisement accumulated over 600 complaints from the Australian public to the Advertising Standards Bureau (ASB) for an alleged breach of the Australian Association of National Advertisers' (AANA) Code of Ethics.[200][201][h] The complaints claimed M&LA improperly used the term 'boomerang' due to its indigenous connotations and that the advertisement also promoted violence against vegans.[31][202][203] The ASB board held that the use of 'boomerang' by M&LA was not culturally insensitive towards Aboriginal Australians, referencing the colloquial definition of the word in the Macquarie Dictionary which encompasses the return of a person or object.[204] The ASB board also ruled in favour of M&LA in regards to the discrimination of vegans, stating that:

"[the] torching of the vegan food is an exaggerated and humorous response to the food that is not lamb – a portrayal of the food being less preferable to the advertised product, and not inciting hatred towards people who are vegan."[201]

ASB effectively dismissed all claims of a breach of the AANA Code of Ethics and M&LA was permitted to continue using this advertisement.[205][206]

In 2016 M&LA also released a campaign as a part of the 'You Never Lamb Alone' series, which strived to encourage inclusivity and multiculturalism within Australia.[207][208][209] The advertisement depicts Indigenous Australians welcoming the First Fleet and other migrants to Australia, for a beachside event featuring numerous icons from various cultures, including German beer and Chinese Fireworks.[210][211] Despite the controversy surrounding the 'You Never Lamb Alone' initiative, M&LA won the Communication Award and the People's Choice award at the 2016 Australian Multicultural Marketing Awards,[212] for this campaign.[194][213]

2017 campaigns

[edit]
A 2017 campaign featuring Ganesha and Gautama Buddha consuming meat attracted controversy among Hindus and Buddhists

The 2017 'You Never Lamb Alone' campaign released by M&LA was criticised for allegedly inappropriate depictions of religious figures.[30][214] The advertisement contained Hindu god Ganesha and Buddhist figure Gautama Buddha consuming red meat despite the vegetarian nature of both figures.[197][215][216][217] The Universal Society of Hinduism sought to have the advertisement banned by the ASB, due to the use of Ganesha for commercial purposes.[218][219][220] The society's president, Rajan Zed, commented on the request of removal sent to the ASB:

"Lord Ganesha is highly revered in Hinduism...[and is] not to be used in selling lamb meat for mercantile greed. Moreover, linking Lord Ganesha with meat is very disrespectful and highly inappropriate"[28]

A review of this campaign was also conducted by the ASB board, in response to criticism by the Universal Society of Hinduism and the additional 200 complaints received from the Australian public.[221][222][223] The ASB initially determined that M&LA was not in breach of the AANA Code of Ethics,[224] citing the campaign's humorous intention to promote religious inclusivity and multiculturalism.[225][226][227] However, review of this decision found M&LA to be in breach of Section 2.1 of the Code of Ethics. M&LA was ordered to remove the advertisement from all its social media platforms.[223][228][229][230]

COVID-19 impact

[edit]
Young girl looking down, wearing a with a pink beanie, floral puffer and a surgical mask
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted M&LA to implement different marketing techniques, educational programs and research strategies.

The COVID-19 outbreak has disrupted many of the initiatives managed by M&LA, which have consequently been cancelled or indefinitely postponed.[11][231][232][233] M&LA has introduced online educational programs and social forums, which aim to educate the Australia population.[234][235] Research and data analysis conducted by M&LA has also been interrupted by the pandemic; however, analysis of global markets has been undertaken by M&LA to provide information on conditions in the meat and livestock industries.[236][237][238][239] M&LA aims to directly support producers through the COVID-19 pandemic by providing accessible resources regarding COVID-19 restrictions and mental health support.[240] In 2020, the annual "Red Meat" event which is hosted by M&LA was cancelled due to COVID-19.[241] Jason Strong,[242] the managing director of M&LA, commented on the cancellation: "large events such as Red Meat are just not feasible in the current environment and so the only sensible course of action was to cancel for 2020."[243]

Despite this cancellation, the M&LA Annual General Meeting (AGM) for 2020 was projected to be held online.[244][245]

In 2021, MLA launched a provocative advertising campaign, created by The Monkeys, part of Accenture Song, making reference to the COVID-19 effect on Australian border restrictions, titled Make Lamb, Not Walls. The campaign took on a satirical approach, referencing politicians such as Scott Morrison, Daniel Andrews and Gladys Berejiklian. The campaign was reported on by major national and international news sources such as The New York Times and The Sydney Morning Herald. It increased sales by 16.8%.

Educational initiatives

[edit]
Three young students seated and viewing a laptop in a classroom
Educational initiatives conducted by M&LA have been modified to accommodate for COVID-19 restrictions.

In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, M&LA has developed online schemes to educate the Australian public on the importance of red meat consumption.[246][247] M&LA introduced three interactive initiatives for Australian primary schools during the pandemic, 'Your Expert Classroom', 'Be Your Greatest Virtual Classroom' and 'Get Kids Cooking'.[233] These schemes are free to access and consist of educational videos and interactive cooking classes for students and teachers alike.[248]

'Your Expert Classroom' consists of a video series which aim to educate students on the environmental impact of red meat production.[159][249][250] Under the 'Be Your Greatest Virtual Classroom' program, M&LA has established partnerships with the Australian Paralympic and Olympic teams, that will compete in the 2021 Tokyo Olympic Games.[251][252] Students have the opportunity to interact with Australian athletes during a live-streamed question time and discuss the potential benefits of incorporating red meat into their diets.[253][254]

M&LA strives to encourage the incorporation of red meat in the diets of Australian students through the 'Get Kids Cooking' program.[255] An interactive cooking lesson at an Australian Royal Show is offered to students, but due to COVID-19 restrictions, M&LA replaced this class with a step-by-step cooking tutorial video which can be followed by students at home.[16][256][257]

M&LA targets these programs predominantly at schools in metropolitan areas of Australia, to address the deficient understanding of the red meat industry in urban communities compared to rural suburbs.[110][233]

Market analysis

[edit]
Red and white barn amongst shrubs and trees.
M&LA aims to support producers and consumers alike during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 outbreak has made collecting data and statistics from local and global markets more difficult.[236] Due to COVID-19 restrictions and reduced access to data, M&LA temporarily ceased production of the EYCI between March and June 2020.[258][259] Following the easing of COVID-19 restrictions throughout Australia,[260][261] the market indicator returned in the last week of June 2020.[232] M&LA aims to continue providing producers and market analysts with data on international market conditions by implementing studies in foreign markets, which are of interest to Australian producers in terms of meat export volumes. In 2018–19, Australia exported 72% of all beef and veal production, and China accounted for 24% of Australia's beef exports in 2019.[262][263] M&LA conducted consumer research in China to analyse consumer behaviour and growth trends during the COVID-19 pandemic.[264][265] The findings from the study indicated a continued increase in consumer demand for red meat in China,[266] with demand for Australian beef increasing by 43% in Chinese markets during the pandemic.[264][267] These studies seek to improve producer confidence and provide data for market analysts during the COVID-19 pandemic.[182][page needed]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Co-op Islami has been a provider of frozen red meat and seafood in the United Arab Emirates since 1981.[65] In 2006 the company rebranded, adopting a new logo and name change.[66] It is now called Al Islami Foods and is a subsidiary of Dubai Cooperative Society.[67]
  2. ^ This company underwent a name change on 10 May 2017 to become 'Integrity Systems Company Limited'. Between its registration in 2009 and 2017, the company traded as 'National Livestock Identification System Limited'.
  3. ^ A PIC is an eight digit code provided to all vendors under the NVD system. This code allows government authorities to track the quantity of livestock inhibiting the vendor's property and grants access to information including the vendor details, the property name and address.
  4. ^ As a research and development body, M&LA provides data analysis and publications based on findings provided by the ABS.
  5. ^ The statutory agreement between M&LA and the Federal government allows the federal government to oversee M&LA performance and the efficiency of its functions. Under this agreement, M&LA is required to execute independent performance reviews and meet numerous requirements regarding cost allocation and evaluation frameworks. If M&LA fails to do so, the MDC no longer holds an 'approved donor' status and will not be eligible for matched research and development funding by the Commonwealth government. This agreement was renewed in 2020 and has been extended to apply until 2030.
  6. ^ ACIL Allen Consulting is an independent Australian consulting firm, which specializes in providing economic evaluation and financial advice to public authorities and companies alike.
  7. ^ The recommendations proposed by ACIL Allen Consulting included self-assessment measures and encouraged stronger funding commitments in select projects M&LA is involved in. To improve the function of ISC and its execution of the NLIS, ACIL Allen advised M&LA to formulate a clear objective and ensure adequate funding for the subsidiary. M&LA was also encouraged to enforce a comprehensive self-assessment framework for its numerous projects and initiatives, to promote efficiency and transparency.
  8. ^ Sections 2.1 and 2.3 were alleged to have been breached by M&LA. Section 2.1 prohibits vilification or discrimination of a person or social group on the basis of religion, race or ethnicity. Section 2.3 disallows the presentation of violence that is not justifiable by the product being advertised.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Australian Suppliers Directory". Austrade. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Commonwealth Parliament House, Canberra. "Chapter 5". www.aph.gov.au. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "Red meat livestock industry structure". Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. 1 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Australian Government (2020). "Meat and Livestock Australia Limited". Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  5. ^ a b c Lusk, Jayson L.; Schroeder, Ted C. (April 2002). "Effects of Meat Recalls on Futures Market Prices" (PDF). Agricultural and Resource Economics Review. 31 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1017/S1068280500003476. ISSN 1068-2805. S2CID 26328185.
  6. ^ a b Hamtini, Sameh (1 May 2005). "CO-OP ISLAMI launches joint promotion with Meat & Livestock Australia Limited". Middle East Company News.
  7. ^ a b "MLA Meat & Livestock Australia: New videos explain popular traits when selecting sires". MarketScreener. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  8. ^ a b "Red meat integrity matters". Currie. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  9. ^ a b Improving the sustainability of red meat and livestock industry peak councils: Summary Report (PDF) (Report). Australian Farm Institute. November 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2020.
  10. ^ Bogueva, Diana; Marinova, Dora; Raphaely, Talia (12 June 2017). "Reducing meat consumption: the case for social marketing". Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. 29 (3): 477–500. doi:10.1108/APJML-08-2016-0139. ISSN 1355-5855.
  11. ^ a b Hendry, Megan (10 November 2011). "Graziers urge Meat and Livestock Australia shake-up; A group of beef producers will make a formal proposal for a restructure of Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA) at its annual general meeting in Longreach in central-west Queensland next week". ABC Premium News. ProQuest 902836468.
  12. ^ "Red Meat 2019 And Meat & Livestock Australia AGM – Tamworth". 18 November 2019.
  13. ^ "Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA)". Swanvale Herefords. 18 November 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  14. ^ a b Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra. "Chapter 6". www.aph.gov.au. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  15. ^ "Bushfire emergency – Jason Strong, Managing Director, Meat & Livestock Australia". Mirage News. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  16. ^ a b c "Impact of COVID-19 on Australian agriculture". Animal Health Australia. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  17. ^ a b "Carbon farming: reducing methane emissions from cattle using feed additives". www.agric.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  18. ^ a b c "Re: July 2019 Consultation Paper: Updating the Authority's Previous Advice on Meeting the Paris Agreement" (PDF). Red Meat Advisory Council. 2 September 2019.
  19. ^ a b "EYCI hits another record, on the back of surge in young cattle demand". Beef Central. 20 August 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  20. ^ "Australian cattle prices hit all time high". Cox Inall Communications. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  21. ^ a b McGilchrist, P.; Polkinghorne, R.J.; Ball, A.J.; Thompson, J.M. (August 2019). "The Meat Standards Australia Index indicates beef carcass quality". Animal. 13 (8): 1750–1757. Bibcode:2019Anim...13.1750M. doi:10.1017/S1751731118003713. ISSN 1751-7311. PMC 6639719. PMID 30724139.
  22. ^ "KE Teacher: Australia's leading site for teacher's resources". KE Teacher. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  23. ^ The Australian Beef Industry: The Basics (PDF) (Report). PwC Australia. 2011.
  24. ^ "Industry Training – Meat Processing". www.angliss.edu.au. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  25. ^ a b c d Independent Performance Review: For the Period 2016–20 Final Report (PDF) (Report). ACIL Allen Consulting. 16 March 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  26. ^ a b Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra. "Chapter 2". Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  27. ^ a b Restructuring of Meat and Livestock Statutory Organisations (PDF) (Report). Australian National Audit Office. 1998. ISBN 0-644-38905-2. ISSN 1036-7632.
  28. ^ a b "Meat & Livestock Australia urged to withdraw ad featuring Ganesh amid Hindu protest". Farming Online. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  29. ^ a b "Can we swallow We Love Our Lamb's new ad?". NITV. 6 September 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  30. ^ a b "Hindus outraged after revered vegetarian God used in lamb advert". www.abc.net.au. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  31. ^ a b Davidson, Helen (11 January 2016). "'Operation Boomerang' lamb ad insults Indigenous people, say critics". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  32. ^ Baker, Beth (16 October 2020). "Biodiversity Collections, Data, and COVID". BioScience. 70 (10): 841–847. doi:10.1093/biosci/biaa093. ISSN 0006-3568.
  33. ^ Mitchell, Joely (15 October 2020). "Resilience through adversity key to red meat success". Farm Online. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  34. ^ "Levy revenue up, but overall income down for MLA in 2019". Beef Central. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  35. ^ Mitchell, Joely (15 October 2020). "Resilience through adversity key to red meat success". North Queensland Register. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  36. ^ a b "Industry Market Research, Reports, and Statistics". IBISWorld. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  37. ^ "Driving New Levels of Operational Efficiency". www.hitachivantara.com. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  38. ^ "Australia – red meat and livestock turnover 2018". Statista. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  39. ^ "SA livestock industry boosted by $1m partnership". Stock Journal. 19 August 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  40. ^ Australian Meat & Livestock Corporation
  41. ^ Meat Research Corporation
  42. ^ "Meat & Livestock Australia moves from spreadsheet to cloud". DXC Technology. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  43. ^ "Meat Research Corporation Act 1985". www.legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  44. ^ "Australian Meat and Live-stock Corporation Act 1977". www.legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  45. ^ "MLA DONOR COMPANY LIMITED". Law Insider. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  46. ^ "Meat & Livestock Australia Ltd". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  47. ^ "Company Profile – MLA". Craft.co. November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  48. ^ "Working at MEAT & LIVESTOCK AUSTRALIA". Glassdoor. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  49. ^ a b "Australian Meat and Live‑stock Industry Act 1997". www.legislation.gov.au. January 2017.
  50. ^ a b "Primary Industries (Excise) Levies Act 1999". www.legislation.gov.au. 27 December 2011.
  51. ^ a b Sandra J. Welsman (June 2010). Australian Meat Processor Corporation (PDF) (Report). Review of Rural Research and Development Corporations.
  52. ^ "Industry structures and systems governing levies on grass-fed cattle" (PDF). www.aph.gov.au. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  53. ^ "AFR Business Case Studies | Meat & Livestock Australia". www.afrbiz.com.au. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  54. ^ "Meat and Livestock Australia Limited (MLA)". ses.library.usyd.edu.au. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  55. ^ "Meat and Livestock Australia. (1998–)". trove.nla.gov.au. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  56. ^ "MLA members: lodge your Levies Notice". Farm Table. 22 October 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  57. ^ "Cattle and livestock transaction levy". Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. 4 February 2020.
  58. ^ "State of the Industry Report 2020 released". Red Meat Advisory Council. 2 September 2020. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  59. ^ Annab, Rachid (13 February 2019). "Forewarned is forearmed: $6.2 million for better farm forecasting". Newsroom. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  60. ^ 'Australian Beef. The Greatest!'
  61. ^ Bogueva, Diana (28 December 2018). Environmental, health, and business opportunities in the new meat alternatives market. Hershey, PA. ISBN 978-1-5225-7351-7. OCLC 1078637003.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  62. ^ "Australian Beef – the greatest!". Harvey Beef. 19 July 2017. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  63. ^ "New Australian Beef campaign focuses on 'quick and easy' meals". Beef Central. 4 November 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  64. ^ "Al Islami Foods sells minority stake to Mitsubishi to expand halal exports". www.just-food.com. 3 May 2018. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  65. ^ "CO-OP ISLAMI FOOD PROCESSING PLANT". eDurar. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  66. ^ "Co-op Islami rebrands". IPT.net. 28 February 2006.
  67. ^ "Al Islami Foods". ZAWYA. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018.
  68. ^ "COOP ISLAMI announces winner of the Australian Lamb Promotion". Al Bawaba. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  69. ^ White, Gareth R. T.; Samuel, Anthony (December 2016). "Fairtrade and Halal Food Certification and Labeling: Commercial Lessons and Religious Limitations". Journal of Macromarketing. 36 (4): 388–399. doi:10.1177/0276146715620236. ISSN 0276-1467. S2CID 157661414.
  70. ^ "MLA 1: Protecting, conserving, promoting and transmitting culture, heritage and history for dialogue and development". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2020. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  71. ^ foodnavigator-asia.com (21 May 2017). "Australia overhauls meat quality assurance scheme". FoodNavigator-Asia. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  72. ^ "LPA & Biosecurity Changes". Ray Donovan. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  73. ^ "ABN Lookup". abr.business.gov.au. 1 November 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  74. ^ "Australian Intercollegiate Meat Judging Association (ICMJ) | Integrity Systems Company Red Meat 2018 Student Scholarship". Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  75. ^ "Livestock Marketing Campaign for MLA's Integrity Systems Company". Seftons. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  76. ^ "National Vendor Declarations". agriculture.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  77. ^ "Farm biosecurity plan takes top priority". Dungog Chronicle. 3 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  78. ^ "Apply for a property identification code – Website – Local Land Services". www.lls.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  79. ^ a b Department of Industry, Innovation and Science (13 September 2017). "ABLIS". Australian Business Licence and Information Service. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  80. ^ "Property Identification Codes FAQs – Website – Local Land Services". www.lls.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  81. ^ "New eNVD system for Australian livestock producers". Sheep Central. 1 April 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  82. ^ "New online one stop solution for red meat integrity systems". Farm Online. 29 November 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  83. ^ "Our Partners". Sheep Producers Australia. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  84. ^ "National Livestock Identification System". NSW Department of Primary Industries. 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  85. ^ a b "NLIS database overview". agriculture.vic.gov.au. Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  86. ^ "NLIS Devices for Agistment Cattle" (PDF). Northern Territory Government. 17 July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  87. ^ "Early warning statuses – from lead to cotton trash – Website – Local Land Services". www.lls.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  88. ^ "Meat Notice 2020–02 – Sourcing of animals from PICs with "Cotton Trash (CTP)" or "Cotton Trash Warning (CTW)" status". Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. 22 January 2020.
  89. ^ a b "Industry News". www.alpa.net.au. Retrieved 1 November 2020.[full citation needed]
  90. ^ "Risk management for livestock producers". Country News. 22 December 2019. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  91. ^ "Strong start for red meat exports, but set to tighten". Meat & Livestock Australia Limited. 13 February 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  92. ^ "NLIS cattle tags". agriculture.vic.gov.au. Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  93. ^ "Search Results – Organisations and Business Names". Australian Securities and Investments Commission. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  94. ^ "MLA delivering value for money, says performance review". Farm Online. 23 April 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  95. ^ Baldassarre, Gina (15 February 2018). "Rocket Seeder program partners with MLA Donor Company to explore innovation in red meat". Startup Daily. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  96. ^ a b "Australian Meat and Live-stock Industry Act 1997 – Declaration of Approved Donor (21/08/1998)". www.legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  97. ^ a b "Funding and Grants Information". ABDI. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  98. ^ a b c Australian Parliament House, Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee. (October, 2016). Answers to Questions on Notice: Supplementary Budget Estimates October 2016. Agriculture and Water Resources. Accessed 2020-10-30.
  99. ^ "Australian Meat and Live-stock Industry Act 1997 – Explanatory Statement". www.legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  100. ^ Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources. (2017). 2017–18 Science, Research and Innovation Budget Tables. Accessed on 30 October 2020.
  101. ^ "Dedicated value chains for the sheep industry: Page 5 of 5". Department of Agriculture and Food (Western Australia). Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  102. ^ Burey, P.; Woodhead, A.; Kille, T.; Zhang, S.; Miller, K.; Babagolzadeh, M.; Pfingst, Jason; Dunrobin, Kelvin; Gorringe, Max; Malone, Johnathon; Perkins, Ian (November 2019). Feasibility study for developing an Indigenous branded range of beef products and services (Producer Innovation Fast-track) (Report). North Sydney, Australia. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  103. ^ "$17.5 million investment in MLA Donor Company". Seedstock Central. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  104. ^ BeefLinks partnership
  105. ^ "MLA is looking for sheep meat and grass-fed beef research ideas". Sheep Central. 24 August 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  106. ^ "Approved projects – Round 3: Rural R&D for Profit summary of approved projects". Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. 4 November 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  107. ^ "BeefLinks partnership to boost red meat industry". News from the University of Western Australia. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  108. ^ admin. "Meat and Livestock Australia". Landcare Australia. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  109. ^ Government, Northern Territory (6 September 2019). "Meat and Livestock Australia release new 'fit to load' guide". dpir.nt.gov.au. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  110. ^ a b c Keely, Adrian; Kidwell, Roland (July 2004). "A Passion for Beef: Michael Knight and the Australian Meat Industry". Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship. 9: 120–134.
  111. ^ Sciences, corporatename=CSIRO Food and Nutritional. "CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences". meatupdate.csiro.au. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  112. ^ a b "MLA's sheep and cattle market indicators back in action". Sheep Central. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  113. ^ a b "Meat and Livestock Australia: Young cattle maintain premium status". News Bites – Private Companies. 17 September 2020.
  114. ^ "Tool 3.10 – MLA market information". www.makingmorefromsheep.com.au. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  115. ^ Zhang, Yue; Baker, Derek; Griffith, Garry (2 July 2020). "Product quality information in supply chains: a performance-linked conceptual framework applied to the Australian red meat industry". The International Journal of Logistics Management. 31 (3): 697–723. doi:10.1108/IJLM-06-2019-0157. ISSN 0957-4093. S2CID 225544175.
  116. ^ Polkinghorne, R.J.; Thompson (2010). "Meat standards and grading". Meat Science. 86 (1): 227–235. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.05.010. PMID 20541325.
  117. ^ Polkinghorne, R.; Philpott, J.; Gee, A.; Doljanin, A.; Innes, J. (6 November 2008). "Development of a commercial system to apply the Meat Standards Australia grading model to optimise the return on eating quality in a beef supply chain". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 48 (11): 1451–1458. doi:10.1071/EA05181. ISSN 1446-5574.
  118. ^ "Cattle Archives". StockCo Australia. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  119. ^ Cattle and beef market study—Final report (PDF) (Report). Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. March 2017.
  120. ^ "Another record for the EYCI, and a rush back to the yards". Mecardo. 22 October 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  121. ^ "It's official: EYCI sweeps into the 800's". Beef Central. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  122. ^ "How Rain impacts EYCI". Australian Farm Journal. 16: 38–39. 2006 – via Google Scholar.
  123. ^ "Business Review Weekly". Business Review Weekly. 25. University of California: 43–46. 2003 – via Google Scholar.
  124. ^ Supplied by Porter Novelli (6 March 2020). "EYCI Mar 2020". ABC Rural. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  125. ^ Bonny, Sarah P. F.; O'Reilly, Rachel A.; Pethick, David W.; Gardner, Graham E.; Hocquette, Jean-François; Pannier, Liselotte (1 July 2018). "Update of Meat Standards Australia and the cuts based grading scheme for beef and sheepmeat". Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 17 (7): 1641–1654. doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61924-0. ISSN 2095-3119.
  126. ^ "Meat Standards Australia". Australian Butchers Guild. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  127. ^ Rodgers, Heidi; Griffith, Garry R.; Fleming, Euan M.; Villano, Renato A.; Rodgers, Heidi; Griffith, Garry R.; Fleming, Euan M.; Villano, Renato A. (2007). Market Differentials for Meat Quality Improvement: Meat Standards Australia. AARES 51st ANNUAL CONFERENCE; 13 – 16 February 2007; Rydges Lakeland Resort, Queenstown, New Zealand. Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. doi:10.22004/AG.ECON.10423 – via AgEcon search.
  128. ^ Morales, Luis Emilio; Hoang, Nam; Stuen, Eric (October 2017). "Spatial price premium transmission for Meat Standards Australia-graded cattle: the vulnerability of price premiums to outside shocks". Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 61 (4): 590–609. doi:10.1111/1467-8489.12221.
  129. ^ Griffith, Garry R.; Thompson, John M.; Griffith, Garry R.; Thompson, John M. (2012). "The aggregate economic benefits to the Australian beef industry from the adoption of meat standards Australia: updated to 2010/11". Australasian Agribusiness Review. 20. doi:10.22004/AG.ECON.125838.
  130. ^ a b Farmer, L. J.; Devlin, D. J.; Gault, N. F. S.; Gordon, A. W.; Moss, B. W.; Polkinghorne, R. J.; Thompson, J. M.; Tolland, E. L. C.; Tollerton, I. J.; Watson, R. (April 2010). "Adaptation of Meat Standards Australia Quality System for Northern Irish Beef". Advances in Animal Biosciences. 1 (1): 127. doi:10.1017/S2040470010002700. ISSN 2040-4719.
  131. ^ "More meat could qualify for MSA". www.abc.net.au. 16 April 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  132. ^ Watson, R.; Gee, A.; Polkinghorne, R.; Porter, M. (2008). "Consumer assessment of eating quality – development of protocols for Meat Standards Australia (MSA) testing". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 48 (11): 1360. doi:10.1071/EA07176. ISSN 0816-1089.
  133. ^ hormonal growth promotants
  134. ^ "Hormonal growth promotants in beef". www.foodstandards.gov.au. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  135. ^ Hunter, R.A.; Burrow, H.M.; McCrabb, G.J. (2001). "Sustained growth promotion, carcass and meat quality of steers slaughtered at three liveweights". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 41 (7). CSIRO Publishing: 1033. doi:10.1071/EA00016.
  136. ^ Shorthose, W.R.; Harris, P.V. (January 1990). "Effect of Animal Age on the Tenderness of Selected Beef Muscles". Journal of Food Science. 55 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06004.x. ISSN 0022-1147.
  137. ^ Watson, R.; Polkinghorne, R.; Thompson, J.M. (2008). "Development of the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) prediction model for beef palatability". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 48 (11): 1368–1379. doi:10.1071/EA07184.
  138. ^ Legrand, I.; Hocquette, J.-F.; Polkinghorne, R.J.; Pethick, D.W. (March 2013). "Prediction of beef eating quality in France using the Meat Standards Australia system". Animal. 7 (3): 524–529. Bibcode:2013Anim....7..524L. doi:10.1017/S1751731112001553. ISSN 1751-7311. PMID 23031268.
  139. ^ Charmley, E.; Stephens, M. L.; Kennedy, P. M. (2008). "Predicting livestock productivity and methane emissions in northern Australia: development of a bio-economic modelling approach". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 48 (2): 109. doi:10.1071/EA07264. ISSN 0816-1089.
  140. ^ Howden, S. M.; Reyenga, P. J. (1999). "Methane emissions from Australian livestock: implications of the Kyoto Protocol". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 50 (8): 1285–1292. doi:10.1071/ar99002. ISSN 1444-9838.
  141. ^ Alford, A. R.; Hegarty, R. S.; Parnell, P. F.; Cacho, O. J.; Herd, R. M.; Griffith, G. R. (2006). "The impact of breeding to reduce residual feed intake on enteric methane emissions from the Australian beef industry". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 46 (7): 813. doi:10.1071/EA05300. ISSN 0816-1089.
  142. ^ Jones, F.M.; Phillips, F.A.; Naylor, T.; Mercer, N.B. (2011). "Methane emissions from grazing Angus beef cows selected for divergent residual feed intake". Animal Feed Science and Technology. 166–167: 302–307. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.020.
  143. ^ Raphaely, Talia; Marinova, Dora (19 October 2015). Impact of meat consumption on health and environmental sustainability. Hershey, PA. ISBN 978-1-4666-9554-2. OCLC 929538612.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  144. ^ Djekic, Ilija (1 January 2015). "Environmental Impact of Meat Industry – Current Status and Future Perspectives". Procedia Food Science. The 58th International Meat Industry Conference (MeatCon2015). 5: 61–64. doi:10.1016/j.profoo.2015.09.025. ISSN 2211-601X.
  145. ^ a b Talking 2030: Growing agriculture into a $100 billion industry (PDF) (Report). National Farmers' Federation. 2018.
  146. ^ a b c CSIRO (2015), National Livestock Methane Program Project B.CCH.6610 / 01200.038, CSIRO. Data Collection, doi:10.25919/5c36d82fac61c – via CSIRO Data Access Portal
  147. ^ a b Supporting Agriculture to Adapt to Climate Change. Stream 1: Understanding Climate Change and Current Approaches (PDF) (Report). ACIL Allen Consulting. 11 March 2019.
  148. ^ Genetic technologies to reduce methane emissions from Australian beef cattle (PDF) (Report). NSW Department of Primary Industries. November 2015. ISBN 978-1-74256-860-7.
  149. ^ Enteric methane research: A summary of current knowledge and research (PDF) (Report). NSW Department of Primary Industries. October 2014. ISBN 978-1-74256-668-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 June 2017.
  150. ^ a b c Davison, T. M. (1 October 2016). "0688 Outcomes and future directions from the National Livestock Methane Program in Australia". Journal of Animal Science. 94 (suppl 5): 329. doi:10.2527/jam2016-0688. ISSN 0021-8812.
  151. ^ "Australia". www.asggn.org. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  152. ^ "How farmers are adapting to climate change in Australia". www.nswfarmers.org.au. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  153. ^ "Cattle methane emission downsized by 24 per cent". www.csiro.au (Press release). CSIRO. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  154. ^ Charmley, E.; Williams, S. R. O.; Moate, P. J.; Hegarty, R. S.; Herd, R. M.; Oddy, V. H.; Reyenga, P.; Staunton, K. M.; Anderson, A.; Hannah, M. C. (9 February 2016). "A universal equation to predict methane production of forage-fed cattle in Australia". Animal Production Science. 56 (3): 169–180. doi:10.1071/AN15365. ISSN 1836-5787.
  155. ^ "Project 3.4.1". The Australian Wine Research Institute. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  156. ^ "Eating red meat and saving the environment are achievable goals with carbon neutrality". www.abc.net.au. 7 June 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  157. ^ a b "Managing climate change risk". Australian Beef Sustainability Framework. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  158. ^ "Australian Intercollegiate Meat Judging Association (ICMJ) | Path to carbon neutral red meat on menu at ICMJ webinar". Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  159. ^ a b c Mayberry, Dianne; Bartlett, Harriet; Moss, Jonathan; Davison, Thomas; Herrero, Mario (1 October 2019). "Pathways to carbon-neutrality for the Australian red meat sector". Agricultural Systems. 175: 13–21. Bibcode:2019AgSys.175...13M. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2019.05.009. ISSN 0308-521X. S2CID 181568286.
  160. ^ a b Phelps, Mark (2 March 2020). "CN30: The red meat industry's big, bold promise". Queensland Country Life. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  161. ^ Zhou, Shelley W. W. (3 March 2020). Carbon management for a sustainable environment. Cham, Switzerland. ISBN 978-3-030-35062-8. OCLC 1144898014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  162. ^ Fleming, Aysha; Stitzlein, Cara; Jakku, Emma; Fielke, Simon (2019). "Missed opportunity? Framing actions around co-benefits for carbon mitigation in Australian agriculture". Land Use Policy. 85: 230–238. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.050.
  163. ^ Opray, Max (16 September 2020). "How Australia's meat industry could be part of the climate solution". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  164. ^ Kellaway, Roy (2004). Feeding concentrates supplements for dairy cows. Harrington, Tim., Recorded Books, Inc. Landlinks Press. ISBN 978-0-643-09892-3. OCLC 1176303314.
  165. ^ Genovese, Giuseppa; Tedone, Laura; Hamann, Mark; Morabito, Marina (11 August 2009). "The Mediterranean Red Alga Asparagopsis: A Source of Compounds against Leishmania". Marine Drugs. 7 (3): 361–366. doi:10.3390/md7030361. ISSN 1660-3397. PMC 2763106. PMID 19841720.
  166. ^ "Aussie seaweed stops cows farting, cancels carbon footprint". Australian Financial Review. 8 March 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  167. ^ NSW Chief Scientist & Engineer (2020). Opportunities for prosperity in a decarbonised and resilient NSW (PDF) (Report).
  168. ^ Burreson, B. Jay; Moore, Richard E.; Roller, Peter P. (1976). "Volatile halogen compounds in the alga Asparagopsis taxiformis (Rhodophyta)". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 24 (4): 856–861. doi:10.1021/jf60206a040. ISSN 0021-8561.
  169. ^ Kinley, Robert D.; Martinez-Fernandez, Gonzalo; Matthews, Melissa K.; de Nys, Rocky; Magnusson, Marie; Tomkins, Nigel W. (2020). "Mitigating the carbon footprint and improving productivity of ruminant livestock agriculture using a red seaweed". Journal of Cleaner Production. 259: 120836. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120836.
  170. ^ "Cattle Council of Australia". www.cattlecouncil.com.au. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  171. ^ a b "Chapter 5: Red Meat Memorandum of Understanding" (PDF). Australian Parliament. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  172. ^ "Inquiry into Industry Structures and Systems Governing Levies on Grass-fed Cattle: Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee" (PDF). Cattle Council. 28 March 2014.
  173. ^ Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra. "Chapter 2". www.aph.gov.au. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  174. ^ Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee: Effect of Market Consolidation on the Red Meat Processing Sector (PDF) (Report). Analysis and Policy Observatory. 2017.
  175. ^ "Five years on, how did MLA's last Strategic Plan go?". Beef Central. 17 June 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  176. ^ Independent Review of the proposed installation of DEXA in AUS-MEAT registered processing facilities (PDF) (Report). Ernst & Young. 9 June 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2018.
  177. ^ "ACIL Allen Consulting". www.sasic.sa.gov.au. South Australian Space Industry Centre. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  178. ^ "MLA receives positive feedback from independent performance review". Beef Central. 23 April 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  179. ^ "Cattle Council of Australia". www.cattlecouncil.com.au. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  180. ^ a b "MLA well placed to lead industry". Bowen Independent. Bowen, Queensland: News Corp Australia. 13 May 2020.
  181. ^ "Beef to Taiwan". Australian Trade Commission. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  182. ^ a b Edwards, Brooke; Waldron, Scott; Brown, Colin; Longworth, John (2016). THE SINO-AUSTRALIAN CATTLE AND BEEF RELATIONSHIP: Assessment and Prospects (PDF). Ultimo, NSW, Australia: The Australia-China Relations Institute (ACRI).
  183. ^ Bell, Alan W. (2020). "Animal science Down Under: a history of research, development and extension in support of Australia's livestock industries". Animal Production Science. 60 (2): 193. doi:10.1071/AN19161. ISSN 1836-0939.
  184. ^ "MLA overhaul on the cards". www.weeklytimesnow.com.au. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  185. ^ Steier, Gabriela; Patel, Kiran K. (9 January 2017). International farm animal, wildlife and food safety law. Switzerland. ISBN 978-3-319-18002-1. OCLC 974207981.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  186. ^ Parliamentary Debates, Senate Weekly Hansard. Vol. 73. Australia. Parliament. Senate. May 1977.
  187. ^ Stuchbery, Madeleine (29 April 2020). "MLA gets top pass mark". News Corp Australia. Melbourne, Victoria.
  188. ^ "Cattle and beef market study" (PDF). www.accc.gov.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  189. ^ Stuchbery, Madeleine (13 May 2020). "MLA called to boost research and development". The Weekly Times. Melbourne, Victoria.
  190. ^ "MLA delivering value for money, says performance review". Farm Online. 23 April 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  191. ^ "Cattle levy register may be in place later this year: MLA". Beef Central. 13 March 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  192. ^ a b Samios, Zoe (28 January 2020). "Meat and Livestock's Australia Day lamb ad delayed due to bushfires". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  193. ^ "Meat and Livestock Australia: We don't set out to be controversial". The Drum. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  194. ^ a b Burrowes, Tim (11 January 2017). "'Aren't we all boat people?' MLA drops most political ad yet – and avoids the phrase 'Australia Day'". Mumbrella. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  195. ^ "Australian Lamb 2019 Summer". YouTube. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  196. ^ "Join 'New Australia-Land' in MLA's summer lamb campaign". The Land. 21 January 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  197. ^ a b "Lamb ad brings Jesus, Ganesha, Buddha and L.Ron Hubbard together for BBQ". The Drum. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  198. ^ "Australia Day Lamb 2016 | Commence Operation Boomerang – YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  199. ^ "MLA's Australia Day Ad Causes Outrage For Setting Vegan's Home Alight". B&T. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  200. ^ "Vegans upset over 'discriminatory' Australia Day ad". BBC News. 12 January 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  201. ^ a b Canning, Simon (19 January 2016). "MLA's Australia Day vegan flaming lamb ad cleared by advertising watchdog". Mumbrella. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  202. ^ "Lee Lin Chin lamb ad attracts dozens of complaints from vegans". www.abc.net.au. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  203. ^ "Vegans are up in arms over Australia Day lamb advertisement". www.yourlifechoices.com.au. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  204. ^ "Boomerang". Macquarie Dictionary. Macmillan Publishers Australia. 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  205. ^ "Australia Day lamb ad outrages vegans". NewsComAu. 12 January 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  206. ^ "MLA Lamb ad does not breach code of ethics: ASB". Morning Bulletin. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  207. ^ "'Aren't we all boat people?': Multicultural Australia features in this year's lamb ad". SBS News. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  208. ^ Dobeson, Shanee (12 January 2017). ""Aren't we all boat people?" The 2017 Aussie Day lamb ad is here!". myGC.com.au. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  209. ^ "2017 Australia Day Lamb Ad Video Full Version". YouTube. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  210. ^ "MLA shirks Australia Day, tackles Invasion Day controversy – AdNews". www.adnews.com.au. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  211. ^ Lamb, Source: Youtube / We love our (12 January 2017). "Australia Day lamb ad tackles Indigenous land rights and immigration – video". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  212. ^ Australian Multicultural Marketing Awards
  213. ^ "MLA's Lamb Campaign By The Monkeys Wins Big At The AMMAs". B&T. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  214. ^ "Meat and Livestock Australia: We don't set out to be controversial". The Drum. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  215. ^ "Australia's Hindu community upset over ad featuring Ganesha promoting lamb meat consumption – YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 19 November 2020.[dead YouTube link]
  216. ^ "Australian Meat Ad Causing Controversy In Hindu Community". YouTube. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  217. ^ "New religious themed MLA lamb ad attracts criticism | Australian Food News". www.ausfoodnews.com.au. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  218. ^ "'Insulting' lamb ad complaints spark investigation after Hindu outrage". SBS News. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  219. ^ "Upset Hindus seek ban on 'hurtful' MLA ad starring Lord Ganesha – AdNews". www.adnews.com.au. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  220. ^ "Hindus lead complaints against latest MLA spring lamb ad". Sheep Central. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  221. ^ "Hindus Call For Lamb Ad Ban After Lord Ganesha Parody". B&T. 4 September 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  222. ^ "Meat and Livestock ad sparks complaints for "highly inappropriate" depiction of religious figures eating lamb". SmartCompany. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  223. ^ a b "Australia's ad watchdog reverses decision and bans controversial MLA lamb advert". The Drum. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  224. ^ AANA Code of Ethics
  225. ^ Samios, Zoe (18 September 2017). "MLA's meat-eating Ganesha ad cleared by advertising watchdog". Mumbrella. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  226. ^ "Advertising watchdog investigates 'discrimination and vilification' complaints about Meat & Livestock Australia campaign". The Drum. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  227. ^ "Review of Operations 2018" (PDF). Ad Standards. 2018.
  228. ^ Bettles, Colin (19 September 2017). "ASB rejects MLA lamb advertising grievances". Farm Online. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  229. ^ "Religious complaints against MLA lamb campaign upheld". Sheep Central. 24 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  230. ^ Dawson, Abigail (23 November 2017). "Ad watchdog bans MLA's religious lamb ad after 'substantial flaws' found in its initial decision". Mumbrella. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  231. ^ "Updated: Webinars and online events for beef industry stakeholders". Beef Central. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  232. ^ a b Goodwin, Shan (10 June 2020). "EYCI roars back to life". Farm Online. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  233. ^ a b c Attwood, Sophie; Hajat, Cother (12 August 2020). "How will the COVID-19 pandemic shape the future of meat consumption?". Public Health Nutrition. 23 (17): 3116–3120. doi:10.1017/S136898002000316X. ISSN 1368-9800. PMC 7533480. PMID 32782062.
  234. ^ "Updated: Webinars and online events for beef industry stakeholders". Beef Central. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  235. ^ "Red Meat off menu in Toowoomba as COVID hits". Countryman. 14 August 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  236. ^ a b Gundersen, Craig; Hake, Monica; Dewey, Adam; Engelhard, Emily (12 October 2020). "Food Insecurity during COVID-19". Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. 43 (1): 153–161. doi:10.1002/aepp.13100. ISSN 2040-5790. PMC 7537061. PMID 33042509.
  237. ^ "Meat and Livestock Australia: COVID-19: impacts on markets". Private Companies. Melbourne: News Bites. 17 July 2020.
  238. ^ Goodwin, Shan (7 September 2020). "Beef watching for protectionism and food security COVID-19 flow-ons". Farm Online. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  239. ^ "Livestock and Meat, Australia, June 2020". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 8 May 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  240. ^ "COVID-19: Resources and information". www.dpi.nsw.gov.au. 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  241. ^ "Meat and Livestock Australia: MLA's Red Meat 2020 event cancelled". Private Companies. Melbourne: News Bites. 31 July 2020.
  242. ^ Jason Strong
  243. ^ "MLA encourages members to return levy notice so they can vote at AGM". Country News. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  244. ^ Tribune, The National (22 October 2020). "MLA Annual General Meeting goes online". The National Tribune. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  245. ^ "MLA Annual General Meeting goes online". Mirage News. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  246. ^ Sui, Zhixian; Raubenheimer, David; Rangan, Anna (August 2017). "Exploratory analysis of meal composition in Australia: meat and accompanying foods". Public Health Nutrition. 20 (12): 2157–2165. doi:10.1017/S1368980017000982. ISSN 1368-9800. PMC 10261568. PMID 28578745.
  247. ^ "Meat & Livestock Australia Virtual excursion Farming around Australia". DART Connections. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  248. ^ "'Be Your Greatest' Virtual Classroom". STEM Science Math Lesson Plans. 25 August 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  249. ^ "Your Meat & Livestock Expert Classroom". STEM Science Math Lesson Plans. 25 August 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  250. ^ Anderson, Elizabeth (4 September 2020). "Virtual classrooms provide insight into farming life". Queensland Country Life. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  251. ^ Tribune, The National (31 July 2020). "Australian Beef brings national sporting heroes to classrooms". The National Tribune. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  252. ^ "Australian Beef brings national sporting heroes to classrooms". Mirage News. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  253. ^ "FOR TEACHERS for students". FOR TEACHERS for students. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  254. ^ Goodwin, Shan (2 April 2020). "Lockdown virtual lessons on the farm answer all questions". Farm Online. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  255. ^ "How the red meat industry is trying to fight veganism and plant-based proteins". www.abc.net.au. 22 November 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  256. ^ "COVID-19 Community Resources for Western Sydney". www.wslhd.health.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  257. ^ "Beef for Kids". Beef Australia 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  258. ^ "What's happened to the Eastern Young Cattle Indicator?". ABC Radio. 23 April 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  259. ^ "Meat and Livestock Australia: Impact of Victorian processing restrictions". News Bites – Private Companies. Melbourne. 12 August 2020.
  260. ^ "Australia: Government announces further easing of lockdown measures in some areas June 12 /update 27". GardaWorld. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  261. ^ "Unsure who can and can't enter each state and territory? Here are the rules". www.abc.net.au. 14 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  262. ^ "Australian red meat export statistics". Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. 29 October 2020.
  263. ^ "International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia, August 2020". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 10 June 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  264. ^ a b "Affluent China wants more Aussie meat". The Examiner. 16 April 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  265. ^ Australian Trade and Investment Commission. "Strong partnership ensures beef supply to China during COVID-19". www.austrade.gov.au. Archived from the original on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  266. ^ "Demand trends for beef in China". AgInnovators. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  267. ^ "COVID-19: impacts on markets 15 September". Mirage News. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meat_%26_Livestock_Australia&oldid=1245844505"