Jump to content

Min Aung Hlaing

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In this Burmese name, the given name is Min Aung Hlaing. There is no family name.
His Excellency[1]
Senior General
Maha Thray Sithu
Thiri Thudhamma
Min Aung Hlaing
မင်းအောင်လှိုင်
Min Aung Hlaing in 2021
Chairman of the State Administration Council
Incumbent
Assumed office
2 February 2021
PresidentMyint Swe (acting)
Himself (acting)
DeputySoe Win (general)
Preceded byAung San Suu Kyi
(as State Counsellor)
Acting President of Myanmar
Incumbent
Assumed office
22 July 2024
Prime MinisterHimself
Vice PresidentMyint Swe
Preceded byMyint Swe (acting)
12th Prime Minister of Myanmar
Incumbent
Assumed office
1 August 2021
PresidentMyint Swe (acting)
Himself (acting)
Deputy
See list
Preceded byThein Sein (2011)
Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
Incumbent
Assumed office
30 March 2011
PresidentThein Sein
Htin Kyaw
Myint Swe (acting)
Win Myint
Myint Swe (acting)
Himself (acting)
DeputySoe Win (general)
State CounsellorAung San Suu Kyi
Preceded byThan Shwe
Joint Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces
In office
June 2010 – 30 March 2011
Commander-in-ChiefThan Shwe
Preceded byShwe Mann
Succeeded byHla Htay Win[2]
Personal details
Born (1956-07-03) 3 July 1956 (age 68)
Minbu, Magway Region, Burma[3] (now Myanmar)
CitizenshipBurmese
SpouseKyu Kyu Hla
ChildrenMultiple, including:
Aung Pyae Sone
Khin Thiri Thet Mon
Alma materRangoon Arts and Sciences University (LL.B)
Defence Services Academy
Websitewww.seniorgeneralminaunghlaing.com.mm
Military service
Allegiance Tatmadaw
Branch/service Myanmar Army
Years of service1974–present
Rank Senior General
Battles/warsInternal conflict in Myanmar

Min Aung Hlaing (Burmese: မင်းအောင်လှိုင်; pronounced [mɪ́ɰ̃ àʊɰ̃ l̥àɪɰ̃]; born 3 July 1956) is a Burmese army general who has ruled Myanmar as the chairman of the State Administration Council (SAC) since seizing power in the February 2021 coup d'état. He additionally appointed himself Prime Minister of Myanmar in August 2021, and assumed presidential duties in July 2024.[4] He has led the Tatmadaw (armed forces of Myanmar), an independent branch of government, as the Commander-in-chief of Defence Services since March 2011, when he was handpicked to succeed longtime military ruler Senior General Than Shwe, who transferred leadership over the country to a civilian government upon retiring.[5][6][7] Before assuming leadership over the Tatmadaw, Min Aung Hlaing served as Joint Chief of Staff from 2010 to 2011. Min Aung Hlaing is the first Defence Services Academy (DSA) graduate in Myanmar to lead a military coup as well as the first DSA graduate to become Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services.[8]

Born in Minbu, Magway Region, Burma, Min Aung Hlaing studied law at the Rangoon Arts and Science University before joining the military. Rising through its ranks, he became a senior general (five-star general) by 2013.[9][better source needed] During the period of civilian rule from 2011 to 2021, Min Aung Hlaing worked to ensure the military's continued role in politics and forestalled the peace process with ethnic armed groups. A United Nations fact-finding mission found he deliberately perpetrated the Rohingya genocide. He maintained an adversarial relationship with democratically-elected State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, though she defended him against genocide charges.[10]

Min Aung Hlaing baselessly claimed widespread voting irregularities and electoral fraud in the 2020 Myanmar general election, in which Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) won a landslide re-election. He then seized power from her in the 2021 coup.[11][12][13] He had been expected to run for President of Myanmar had the military proxy party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), won enough seats in parliament to elect him, and would have been required to retire as Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services due to a statutory age limit.[14] With the outbreak of mass protests against his rule, Min Aung Hlaing ordered a clampdown and suppression of demonstrations,[15] sparking an ongoing civil war.[16]

Min Aung Hlaing's forces have employed scorched earth tactics in the civil war, including airstrikes on civilians.[17][18] He has ordered the execution of prominent pro-democracy activists, the first use of the death penalty in decades.[19][20] In February 2024, he activated Myanmar's conscription law to draft 60,000 young people into the Tatmadaw.[21] In foreign policy, he has resisted influence from Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and relied on greater cooperation with Russia, China, and India.[22][23] In response to his human rights abuses and corruption, Min Aung Hlaing and his government have been subjected to an extensive series of international sanctions, returning Myanmar to its former status as a pariah state. The Economist Intelligence Unit's 2022 Democracy Index rated Myanmar under Min Aung Hlaing as the second-most authoritarian regime in the world, with only Afghanistan rated less democratic.[24]

Early life and education

Min Aung Hlaing was born on 3 July 1956 in Minbu, Magway Region, Burma (now Myanmar), to Khin Hlaing and Hla Mu, as the fourth of five children.[25] His parents were teachers from Dawei, in Tanintharyi Region.[26] His family moved to Mandalay as duty when he was 5 years old. His father, Khin Hlaing, was an artist.[27]

Min Aung Hlaing passed his matriculation exam in 1972 at Basic Education High School No. 1 Latha (BEHS 1 Latha) of Rangoon (now Yangon).[28][29] He attended and studied law at the Rangoon Arts and Science University from 1973 to 1974. On his third attempt, he was admitted to the Defence Services Academy in 1974 as part of the 19th Intake, and he graduated in 1977.[30][31] According to classmates, Min Aung Hlaing was taciturn, and an unremarkable cadet.[32] He was reportedly shunned by classmates because of his reserved personality.[28]

Career

Following graduation, Min Aung Hlaing went on to serve in different command positions, rising slowly through the ranks.[32] Early in his career, military colleagues gave him a nickname referring to cat feces, "something deposited quietly but leaving a powerful stink."[33] As he rose through the ranks, Min Aung Hlaing earned a reputation as a hardliner.[28] His military work earned him the favour of Senior General Than Shwe.[34] Min Aung Hlaing is characterized as having a "big man" management style not conducive to collaboration or listening.[34]

In 2002, he was promoted to commander of the Triangle Regional Military Command [my] in eastern Shan State and was a central figure in negotiations with two rebel groups, the United Wa State Army (UWSA) and the National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA).[28] Min Aung Hlaing was reportedly close with former Thai prime minister and a General Prem Tinsulanonda, considering Prem a father figure.[35][36]

Min Aung Hlaing supported the military crackdown of the Saffron Revolution in 2008.[28] He rose to prominence in 2009 after leading an offensive against the insurgent Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) in Kokang.[37] In June 2010, Min Aung Hlaing replaced General Shwe Mann as Joint Chief of Staff of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.[28]

As a Junior Officer

Min Aung Hlaing graduated from the Defence Services Academy (DSA) in 1977 with the 19th intake. After graduation, he was assigned to the No. (313) Light Infantry Battalion (Hmawbi), then known as the No. (1) Shan Rifle Battalion, under the command of the No. (77) Light Infantry Division. Former President of Myanmar Thein Sein was also assigned to this battalion, and former Director of Defence Service Intelligence General Khin Nyunt served as a company commander in the same unit. In an interview with Popular News Journal ahead of the November 2020 election, Min Aung Hlaing stated, "I was raised in the Shan 1."

In 1979, during an offensive known as Operation Min Yan Aung (Victorious King) against the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) in what is now Matman Township in Wa State, east of the Thanlwin River, Min Aung Hlaing served as an Intelligence Officer (IO) ranked as a Lieutenant (2 stars) at 23 years old.

In 1989, as a Captain (3 stars), Min Aung Hlaing took part in the Battle of Wan Kha Thit, better known as the Battle of Kawmoora. This battle was a clash between army troops controlled by then Commander-in-chief Senior General Than Shwe and the Karen National Union (KNU). Due to the base's difficult position to attack, the Myanmar military repeatedly assaulted it throughout 1989 but failed to seize it, halting operations in 1990 after suffering hundreds of casualties.

To ward off harm from enemy shells and bullets, Min Aung Hlaing carried a Buddha statue in his bag of topographic maps worn across his chest. Despite making speeches for officer cadets to be brave soldiers like him, he never led any missions against KNU troops.

Although he promoted bravery in his speeches, Min Aung Hlaing showed limited combat capabilities as a junior officer, only participating in two major battles and playing insignificant roles in both. Near the front line, he was known to carry a Buddha figurine, hoping it would ward off death.[38]

As a Battalion Commander

Min Aung Hlaing served as a Battalion Officer Commanding, ranked as a Major, at the No. (369) Light Infantry Battalion (Homalin) under the Regional Operations Command (Kalay) of the Northwestern Regional Military Command. During his tenure, he imprisoned the pregnant wife of a sergeant who was deemed to have deserted the battalion. At that time, the General Officer Commanding of the Regional Operations Command (Kalay) was Brigadier General Thura Aung Ko, and the Tactical Operation Command Officer Commanding was Colonel Kyaw Thu. During an inspection, Colonel Kyaw Thu discovered the woman locked in the battalion prison and questioned Major Min Aung Hlaing why he did such a thing. Min Aung Hlaing explained that she was imprisoned because her husband had deserted. Colonel Kyaw Thu responded, "Do not do such a disgraceful thing. It's nonsense to arrest the wife just because her husband deserted. Release her now."[39] The woman was only released thanks to Colonel Kyaw Thu's intervention.

Min Aung Hlaing had a habit of such actions since his time as a Battalion Commander, and it came as no surprise that similar actions were applied to the population after the coup.[40]

The actions taken by Min Aung Hlaing during his time as a Battalion Commander have been noted in various accounts.[41]

As DSA Rector

Min Aung Hlaing served as the 19th rector of the Defence Services Academy (DSA), having graduated from its 19th intake. During his tenure, he was involved in an incident with Nay Shwe Thway Aung (also known as Phoe La Pyae), the 8-year-old grandson of Senior General Than Shwe. Nay Shwe Thway Aung visited the academy with a colonel acting as his personal bodyguard. At Nay Shwe Thway Aung's request, Min Aung Hlaing organized a football match, dismissing the Officer Cadets from their Physical Training (PT) session. Throughout the match, Min Aung Hlaing frequently inquired about Nay Shwe Thway Aung's well-being, contrasting with his usually strict demeanor towards the officers on the field.[8]

Min Aung Hlaing was known for his strict enforcement of military regulations. He reported several coaches and cadets to the Military Appointment General (MAG) for minor infractions, such as not wearing helmets while riding motorcycles. These actions were perceived as efforts to secure his promotion to Major General and to obtain a position as a General Officer Commanding as a Regional Military Command. As a result of his reports, the officers and cadets faced significant career setbacks, with many unable to advance beyond the rank of Captain.[8]

Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces

2011–2015: Union Solidarity and Development Party rule

Min Aung Hlaing meeting with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi on July 29, 2015

In the lead-up to 2011, the military began embarking on a series of political reforms to transition Myanmar to a quasi-democracy. The ruling junta, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDP), engineered its formal departure from power, after holding the 2010 Myanmar general election, which was won by the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), the military's proxy party. On 30 March 2011, outgoing head of state, Senior General Than Shwe, then the incumbent Commander-in-Chief of Myanmar's Armed Forces, appointed Min Aung Hlaing as his successor, ahead of more senior officers.[42][43] Min Aung Hlaing's appointment coincided with the USDP's rise to power, during which he oversaw a series of military reforms, and supported efforts by the USDP-led government to strike peace deals with ethnic armed organisations.[42]

Not long after becoming Commander-in-chief, he removed the Adjutant General, Lieutenant General Kyaw Phyo and General Officer Commanding of Central Regional Military Command Major General Tin Ngwe and built the atmosphere of fear among the top brass.[8]

In November 2011, according to The Irrawaddy, it was "widely believed" that following Min Aung Hlaing's meetings with Chinese military officials that month and his leadership in creating a bilateral agreement on defense cooperation with the Chinese, he had also held talks with Chinese vice-president Xi Jinping regarding cooperation from China with respect to the Kachin Conflict.[37]

On 27 March 2012, during a speech in Naypyidaw, Min Aung Hlaing defended the military's continued role in national politics.[37][44] On 3 April 2012, the Government of Myanmar announced that Min Aung Hlaing had been promoted to vice-senior general (four-star general), the second highest rank in the Myanmar Armed Forces.[37] He was promoted to the rank of senior general (five-star general), the highest rank in the Myanmar's Armed Forces in March 2013.

In 2014, as Min Aung Hlaing approached the age of 60, which is the mandatory age of retirement for military officers, the Armed Forces' Department of Defence Council issued a directive, enabling Min Aung Hlaing to extend his mandatory retirement age to 65, in 2021.[45]

In August 2015, the USDP fractured, and President Thein Sein purged the faction led by Shwe Mann, a former general and Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw.[42] Min Aung Hlaing oversaw a direct military intervention to oust Shwe Mann from power, indicating the military's desire to continue furthering its agenda through USDP.[46] Shwe Mann had advocated for legislation and constitutional amendments that would have decreased the military's influence, against the interests of the military and USDP.[46]

2016–2020: Transition to National League for Democracy rule

Min Aung Hlaing meeting with Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar on March 20, 2017

The 2015 Myanmar general election saw the National League for Democracy (NLD), led by Aung San Suu Kyi, win in a landslide. With the transition from an USDP to NLD-led government, Min Aung Hlaing shifted his priorities to recovering state power for the military establishment.[42] His intransigence and refusal to cooperate with the civilian-led government undermined progress toward Myanmar's peace process.[42] As the NLD assumed power, Min Aung Hlaing began intensifying an ongoing military crackdown on the Rohingya, beginning in October 2016.[47][48] At the Union Peace Conference - 21st Century Panglong in August 2020, he warned the NLD against scapegoating the military for its role in the ongoing ethnic conflicts.[49]

Min Aung Hlaing meeting with Russian defense minister Sergei Shoigu on January 20, 2018

Min Aung Hlaing also began to signal his interest in civilian politics.[42] He began assuming a more statesman-like persona, and became increasingly assertive about the military's role.[49][33] In the lead-up to the 2020 Myanmar general election, he worked with the USDP to position himself as the next President.[49] Throughout 2019, Min Aung Hlaing made several public appearances dubbed a "charm offensive," at several religious sites and charity functions,[50] raising speculation about his political ambitions.[51][45] To cultivate his public persona, he began two Facebook pages that commanded a combined following of 4.1 million followers.[52][53] In January 2020, Min Aung Hlaing met with Chinese leader Xi Jinping in Nay Pyi Taw. Xi promoted the practical cooperation under the framework of the One Belt One Road to achieve results at an early date and benefit Myanmar's people.[54] In May 2020, Min Aung Hlaing reshuffled senior military ranks, promoting a new generation of officers loyal to him, including Kyaw Swar Lin, who became the military's youngest lieutenant general.[55]

War with the Arakan Army intensified during this period, and the military was accused of targeting Arakanese civilians and their properties. On 17 March 2019, Kyaw Zaw Oo, an Arakanese MP, published a bilingual open letter to Min Aung Hlaing about the many human rights violations of the Tatmadaw in Rakhine State that harmed the lives and property of civilians and damaged buildings of cultural heritage.[56][57]

2020–present

In February 2020, Min Aung Hlaing, his wife Kyu Kyu Hla and with his close astrologer Vasipake Sayadaw placed the "Hti" umbrella atop Bagan's most powerful ancient Htilominlo Temple. The meaning of the temple name is "need the royal umbrella, need the King". He was following in the footsteps of some of Myanmar's most powerful political figures including his predecessor, Senior General Than Shwe. Many people believed that the ceremony was a yadaya and seeking divine blessings for his glory.[58]

In November 2020, Min Aung Hlaing made a series of public comments questioning the legitimacy of the upcoming 2020 election, in potential violation of the Civil Services Personnel Law.[59] On 5 November, the [atmadaw declared that Min Aung Hlaing's rank is equivalent to Vice President of Myanmar.[60] After casting his ballot in the 2020 election, Min Aung Hlaing vowed to accept the election results.[61] The 2020 election saw NLD win in a larger landslide than in 2015, forestalling Min Aung Hlaing's political ambitions. In response, the military began intensifying allegations of electoral fraud and irregularities, submitting formal complaints to the Union Election Commission (UEC). On 27 January 2021, Min Aung Hlaing publicly remarked that he would not rule out a coup d'état and abolition of the constitution, if allegations of voter fraud during last year's election were not adequately addressed.[62] These comments sparked concern about another potential coup.[63] The following day, the UEC issued a statement rejecting claims of electoral fraud, citing the lack of evidence submitted to substantiate these claims.[64] On 29 January, the military issued clarifying statements pledging to protect and abide by the constitution and applicable laws.[65]

On 1 February 2021, Min Aung Hlaing detained elected leaders including President Win Myint, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and declared himself as Commander-in-chief of Myanmar, one day before democratically-elected members of parliament were scheduled to be sworn in as members of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (Assembly of the Union). The following day, he established the State Administration Council (SAC) as the country's interim ruling body.[66][67]

On 22 May 2021, Min Aung Hlaing gave his first interview since the coup to Hong Kong-based Chinese language Phoenix Television. During the interview, he referred to deposed leader Aung San Suu Kyi and he said that she "is in good health. She is at her home and healthy. She is going to face trial at the court in a few days."[68] On the same day, Myanmar Now reported that shortly after the coup, Min Aung Hlaing appointed himself indefinitely as the commander-in-chief and therefore the de facto leader of Myanmar.[69]

Six months after the coup, on 1 August 2021, Min Aung Hlaing formed a caretaker government and established himself as the country's prime minister.[70][71][72] He also remains the Chairman of the SAC.[73][74][75]

On 13 April 2023, Min Aung Hlaing was featured on Time magazine's list of the "100 Most Influential People of 2023".[76]

Myanmar civil war

See also: Myanmar civil war (2021–present)

After four pro-democracy activists were executed on 24 July 2022, the chairman of the ASEAN, Hun Sen, UN representatives, and Western leaders condemned the executions.[77][78] On 7 September 2022, Min Aung Hlaing met with Russian President Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of the Eastern Economic Forum (EEF), in Vladivostok, Russia, the first time that the pair have met since the 2021 coup.[79]

In January 2023, Min Aung Hlaing enacted a new electoral law aimed at rigging the next general election in favor of the USDP.[80][81] He is himself considered a likely USDP nominee for President in the subsequent presidential election.[82]

Min Aung Hlaing refused to give up his emergency powers when they were constitutionally set to expire on 1 February 2023, further delaying new elections.[83][84]

In March 2023, Min Aung Hlaing made a rare public appearance at the Armed Forces Day parade stating that his government would continue to fight back against resistance groups in the country and their "acts of terror". Hlaing called his critics supporters of terrorism.[85]

Starting in January 2024, multiple pro-military figures condemned Min Aung Hlaing for incompetence and excessive self-interest after the Tatmadaw suffered an unprecedented string of defeats during Operation 1027.[86] In February 2024, to address the Tatmadaw's personnel issues, Min Aung Hlaing activated Myanmar's 1959 conscription law for the first time, with plans to draft 60,000 young men and women.[21][87] Men aged 18–35 and women aged 18–27 will be required to serve up to five years under the state of emergency, or face five years imprisonment.[88]

In March 2024, Min Aung Hlaing claimed at the Armed Forces Day parade young people are being tricked into supporting the resistance against the military, and accused "some powerful nations" of trying to interfere with Myanmar’s internal affairs.[89]

While attending the Defence Services Academy during Thingyan, the traditional New Year Water Festival on the evening of 14 April 2024, Min Aung Hlaing escaped a rocket attack by the Mandalay People's Defence Force (MDY-PDF).[90]

According to SAC media, resistance groups in Yangon attempted to assassinate Min Aung Hlaing with explosives and firearms in June 2024.[91][92]

On 22 July 2024 Min Aung Hlaing became acting President after Myint Swe took medical leave.[93]

Min Aung Hlaing's rise to power in February 2021 marked the beginning of a harsh crackdown on dissent in Myanmar, exemplified by the arrest of prominent pro-democracy activist Nay Soe Maung on 23 October 2024, in Pyigyitagun Township, Mandalay.[94][95] This arrest occurred during the ongoing challenges to his rule following the coup.[96][97][98] The groundwork for such actions against opposition figures was laid by Than Shwe, whose enduring influence over the military had previously established its stronghold in Myanmar’s political landscape.[99][100]

Corruption

Min Aung Hlaing has been the subject of controversy for his family's extensive business assets and potential conflicts of interest.[101] He is a major shareholder in the army-owned Myanma Economic Holdings Limited (MEHL). During the 2010–11 fiscal year, he had owned 5,000 shares and received an annual dividend of $250,000 (~$341,079 in 2023).[102] He sits on MEHL's Patron Group, which runs the conglomerate.[103]

Min Aung Hlaing's son, Aung Pyae Sone, owns a number of companies, including Sky One Construction Company and Aung Myint Mo Min Insurance Company.[104] He also has a majority stake in Mytel, a national telecoms carrier.[104] In 2013, his son Aung Pyae Sone won a no-bid government permit well below market rates, for a 30-year lease on land at the Yangon People's Square and Park for a high-end restaurant and art gallery, following his father's promotion to Commander-in-Chief.[105] Aung Pyae Sone also runs A&M Mahar, which offers Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals and customs clearance services for drugs and medical devices.[106] Myanmar's customs department is led by Kyaw Htin, a former MEHL director.[106]

His daughter Khin Thiri Thet Mon founded a major film studio, 7th Sense Creation, in 2017.[107] That same year, his daughter-in-law, Myo Yadanar Htaik, founded another entertainment company, Stellar Seven Entertainment.[107] The US Embassy in Yangon came under media scrutiny in December 2020, for collaborating with 7th Sense Creation, because Min Aung Hlaing is technically subject to US economic sanctions.[108]

Rohingya genocide

Main article: Rohingya genocide
Destroyed village in Rakhine State, September 2017
  Area that traditionally had Rohingya speakers, currently most are in refugee camps in Bangladesh

The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) reported that Min Aung Hlaing's soldiers have been deliberately targeting civilians in northern states of Myanmar and have been committing systemic discrimination and human rights violations against minority communities in Rakhine State.[109] In particular, he has been accused of ethnic cleansing against the Rohingya people.[110] These human rights violations could amount to genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.[111]

In 2018, the United Nations Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar, led by Marzuki Darusman, determined that Min Aung Hlaing and other Myanmar's military generals oversaw atrocities against the Rohingya in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan states, and did so with genocidal intent.[112] The UN investigative panel said that Min Aung Hlaing, along with four other commanders (Soe Win, Aung Kyaw Zaw, Maung Maung Soe, and Than Oo) should be tried for war crimes and crimes against humanity (including genocide) in the International Criminal Court (ICC) or an ad hoc international tribunal.[112]

Facebook banned Min Aung Hlaing from its platform along with 19 other top Burmese officials and organisations to prevent further heated ethnic and religious tensions in Myanmar. This action followed a UN investigation's report that certain military leaders in Myanmar should be investigated and prosecuted for genocide against Rohingya Muslims.[113][114] Twitter later banned him on 16 May 2019.[115]

The United States has imposed sanctions against Min Aung Hlaing. In July 2019, the U.S. government banned him from travel to the US.[116] In December 2020, it froze Min Aung Hlaing's American-based assets and criminalized financial transactions between him and anyone in the US.[116][117]

Sanctions

The U.S. Department of the Treasury has imposed sanctions on Min Aung Hlaing since 10 December 2019, pursuant to Executive Order 13818, which builds upon and implements the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act and targets perpetrators of serious human rights abuse and corruption. He has committed serious human rights abuses against members of ethnic minorities across Myanmar. The US sanctions include a freezing of assets under the US and a ban on transactions with any US person.[118] In 2022, he was also placed on the sanctions list of the OFAC pursuant to Executive Order 14014, in response to the 2-21 coup.[119] OFAC also sanctioned some of the companies that Hlaing and/or his associates owned or controlled, including the MEC conglomerate headed by Hlaing.[120]

The Government of Canada has imposed sanctions on him since 18 February 2021, pursuant to Special Economic Measures Act and Special Economic Measures (Burma) Regulations, in response to the gravity of the human rights and humanitarian situation in Myanmar. Canadian sanctions include a freezing of assets and a ban on transactions with any Canadian person.[121][122]

HM Treasury and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office of the United Kingdom have imposed sanctions on him since 25 February 2021, for his responsibility for serious human rights violations in Myanmar. The UK sanctions include a freezing of assets under the UK and travel ban to the UK.[123]

The Council of the European Union has also imposed sanctions on him since 22 March 2021, pursuant to Council Regulation (EU) 2021/479 and Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/480 which amended Council Regulation (EU) No 401/2013, for his responsibility for the 2021 coup and the subsequent military and police repression against peaceful demonstrators. The EU sanctions include a freezing of assets and a ban on entry or transit to the bloc.[124][125]

Personal life

Min Aung Hlaing married Kyu Kyu Hla, a retired lecturer, in 1980.[126][127] He has several children, including son Aung Pyae Sone and daughter Khin Thiri Thet Mon.[107]

Promotions

Awards and decorations

Domestic honors

On 17 April 2022, Min Aung Hlaing gave himself Myanmar's two highest titles; the Thadoe Thiri Thudhamma (The Most Glorious Order of Truth) and the Thadoe Maha Thray Sithu (the Order of the Union of Myanmar).[128][129]

On 7 October 2019, the Young Men's Buddhist Association (YMBA) awarded him the title of Mingaladhamma Zawtika Dhaza and the permanent patron of the YMBA.[130][131] On 9 December 2020, YMBA awarded him the title of Thado Thiri Agga Maha Mingalar Zawtika.[132]

Thai delegation with members of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), including Min Aung Hlaing (third from the right), Senior General Than Shwe (first from the right), Vice-Senior General Maung Aye (second from the left), Thura Shwe Mann (to the left of the middle), and Thein Sein (first from the left), at the Zeyathiri Beikman, Naypyidaw on 11 October 2010.

Foreign honours

References

  1. ^ Press Release - Congratulatory Message of His Excellency Senior General Min Aung Hlaing (Published on August 22, 2023)
  2. ^ Wai Moe (24 May 2011). "Bangladesh Army Chief Visits Burma". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  3. ^ "တပ်မတော်ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ် ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင် Asian Fame Media ၏ ပေါ်ပြူလာနယူးစ်ဂျာနယ်မှ မေးမြန်းမှုများအား Video Teleconference မှတစ်ဆင့် လက်ခံတွေ့ဆုံဖြေကြားမှုများအပိုင်း(၁)". cincds.gov.mm (in Burmese). 4 November 2020. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  4. ^ "The leader of Myanmar's army government is named acting president so he can renew state of emergency". The Independent. 22 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  5. ^ "Myanmar army ruler takes prime minister role, again pledges elections". Reuters. 1 August 2021. Archived from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  6. ^ "Who is Myanmar junta chief Min Aung Hlaing? 5 things to know," Archived 19 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine 6 February 2021, Nikkei Asia, retrieved 28 December 2021
  7. ^ "Myanmar coup: Aung San Suu Kyi detained as military seizes control". BBC News. 1 February 2021. Archived from the original on 31 January 2021.
  8. ^ a b c d "မင်းအောင်လှိုင်ကြောင့် နာမည်ပျက်ရတဲ့ ဒေါ်စိန်အေး" [Daw Sein Aye who lost her reputation due to Min Aung Hlaing]. မင်းအောင်လှိုင် ကျောင်းအုပ်ကြီး ဖြစ်ချိန်တွင် ဦးသန်းရွှေ၏ မြေးဖြစ်သူ နေရွှေသွေးအောင် (ခ) ဖိုးလပြည့် ငယ်ငယ် ၈ တန်း ကျောင်းသားအရွယ်က DSA ကို လာလည်သည်။ ဖိုးလပြည့် အနီးကပ် ကိုယ်ရံတော် ဗိုလ်မှူးကြီးတဦးလည်း ပါသေး၏။ ဗိုလ်လောင်းများနှင့် ဘောလုံးကစားချင်ကြောင်း ပြောသောအခါ ချက်ချင်း ဗိုလ်လောင်းများ၏ ကိုယ်ကာယ လေ့ကျင့်ချိန် PT Time ကို ဖျက်ပြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင်က ဘောလုံးပွဲ စီစဉ်ပေးသည်။ ဖိုးလပြည့်ကို ဖိနပ်စီးမပေးရုံတမယ်နှင့် 'သား၊ အဆင်ပြေရဲ့လား' ချည်း ပြောနေသည့် DSA ကျောင်းအုပ်ကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင်သည် ဘောလုံးပွဲ စီစဉ်ပေးရသည့် နည်းပြအရာရှိများဘက် မျက်နှာလှည့်သည့်အခါ အခါတရာမက ငေါက်ငန်းနေခဲ့ပေသည်။ တပ်မတော်ကြီးဆိုတာ သည်လိုပါလားဟု ကျောင်းအုပ်ကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင်ကို ကြည့်ကာ အတော်တရားရခဲ့မိပါသည်။ စစ်တက္ကသိုလ်၏ ၁၉ ယောက်မြောက် ကျောင်းအုပ်ကြီးဖြစ်လာသည့် DSA ဗိုလ်လောင်းသင်တန်း အမှတ်စဉ် ၁၉ ဆင်းဖြစ်သဖြင့် မင်းအောင်လှိုင်သည် ကျောင်းအုပ်ကြီးဘဝကတည်းက မာန်မာနအပြည့်နှင့် ဖြစ်သည်။ [Min Aung Hlaing was the 19th rector of DSA as well as a graduate from DSA 19th intake. At the time he was a DSA rector, an 8 years old Phoe La Pyae, grandson of Than Shwe, visited the academy alongside a Colonel as if personal bodyguard. After Phoe La Pyae's request that he wanted to play Football, Min Aung Hlaing dismissed all the Officer Cadets from the PT Time and mad a Football match at which he was constantly asking Phoe La Pyae "Son, are you ok?" despite the fact he was always scolding and yelling at the officers at the match whether they did anything wrong or not.]
  9. ^ a b c d e f "Myanmar coup: Who is army Chief Min Aung Hlaing?". The Business Standard. 1 February 2021. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  10. ^ Faulder, Dominic (1 February 2023). "Myanmar's iron-fisted ruler Min Aung Hlaing fights to stay on his throne". Nikkei Asia. Bangkok, Thailand. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  11. ^ "အရေးပေါ်ကာလ ဆောင်ရွက်ပြီးစီးပါက ရွေးကောက်ပွဲ ပြန်လည်ကျင်းပ၍ အနိုင်ရပါတီအား နိုင်ငံတော်တာဝန်ကို လွှဲအပ်ပေးနိုင်ရေး ဆောင်ရွက်မည်ဖြစ်ကြောင်း တပ်မတော်ထုတ်ပြန်". 7 Day Daily (in Burmese). 1 February 2021. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021.
  12. ^ "Myanmar military seizes power, detains elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  13. ^ Goodman, Jack (5 February 2021). "Myanmar coup: Does the army have evidence of voter fraud?". BBC News. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  14. ^ Rasheed, Zaheena (1 February 2021). "Why Myanmar's military seized power in a coup". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  15. ^ "Two people in critical condition after police shoot peaceful protesters with live bullets in Naypyitaw – doctor". Myanmar NOW. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  16. ^ Tharoor, Ishaan (21 July 2022). "Myanmar's junta can't win the civil war it started". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  17. ^ Ratcliffe, Rebecca (31 January 2023). "'Monster from the sky': two years on from coup, Myanmar junta increases airstrikes on civilians". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  18. ^ Sidhu, Sandi; Yeung, Jessie; TZ, Salai; Watson, Ivan (1 February 2023). "'Mom, please just kill me': A world looks away from Myanmar's descent into horror". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  19. ^ "Myanmar: Who are the rulers who have executed democracy campaigners?". BBC News. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  20. ^ "World condemns Myanmar junta for 'cruel' execution of activists". Reuters. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  21. ^ a b Peck, Grant (14 February 2024). "Myanmar says newly activated conscription law will draft 5,000 people a month. Some think of fleeing". Associated Press. Bangkok, Thailand. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  22. ^ "China, Russia, India enabling Myanmar's military rule: Report". Al Jazeera. 2 November 2022. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  23. ^ "Myanmar warns ASEAN that pressure would be counterproductive". Al Jazeera. 28 October 2022. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  24. ^ Campbell, Joshua (13 April 2023). "Min Aung Hlaing". The 100 Most Influential People of 2023. TIME. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023. Min Aung Hlaing has returned Myanmar to a pariah state and made it the world's second most authoritarian regime, per the Economist Intelligence Unit's 2022 Democracy Index. Only Taliban-ruled Afghanistan ranked worse.
  25. ^ "တပ်မတော် ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ် ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင်နှင့် ရုရှားဖက်ဒရေးရှင်းနိုင်ငံ Politic မဂ္ဂဇင်းတို့၏ မေးမြန်းဖြေကြားမှုများကို Politic မဂ္ဂဇင်း၌ ထည့်သွင်းဖော်ပြ". cincds.gov.mm (in Burmese). 7 August 2020. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  26. ^ "For Myanmar's top general, a maximum-security mansion, complete with its own telecoms tower". Myanmar NOW. 21 November 2021. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  27. ^ Tatmadaw Information Team. "တပ်မတော် ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ် ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင်နှင့် ရုရှားဖက်ဒရေးရှင်းနိုင်ငံ Politic မဂ္ဂဇင်းတို့၏ မေးမြန်းဖြေကြားမှုများကို Politic မဂ္ဂဇင်း၌ ထည့်သွင်းဖော်ပြ". www.dsinfo.org. pp. 7 August 2020. Archived from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  28. ^ a b c d e f "Vice-Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, Tatmadaw Commander-in-Chief". Alternative Asean Network. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  29. ^ "တပ်မတော်ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ်သစ်နှင့် အမေရိကန် မြန်မာ တပ်မတော်နှစ်ရပ် ဆက်ဆံရေး – အပိုင်း (၁)". VOA News (in Burmese). 2 April 2011. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  30. ^ "Min Aung Hlaing and His Generals: Some Biographical Notes". FULCRUM. 4 August 2021. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  31. ^ Barron, Laignee (3 November 2017). "Meet Min Aung Hlaing, the Chief of Myanmar's Notorious Military". Time. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  32. ^ a b Mclaughlin, Timothy; Webb, Simon (24 February 2016). "Amid transition, Myanmar's Senior General emerges from the shadows". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  33. ^ a b Beech, Hannah (2 February 2021). "Myanmar's Army Is Back in Charge. It Never Truly Left". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  34. ^ a b "Who is Myanmar junta chief Min Aung Hlaing? 5 things to know". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  35. ^ "Myanmar dignitaries honour Gen Prem". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  36. ^ "Myanmar supreme general pays last respects to Prem". The Nation Thailand. 31 May 2019. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  37. ^ a b c d David Paquette, "Min Aung Hlaing Appointed Vice-Senior General" Archived 24 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The Irrawaddy, 3 April 2012.
  38. ^ "Behind the Boasts, Myanmar's Junta Boss Is a Superstitious Mediocrity". Irrawaddy news.
  39. ^ "ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင်၏ ဖုံးဝှက်ထားသော ရုပ်ပုံလွှာ". မလုပ်ကောင်းတာတွေ မလုပ်နဲ့ကွာ၊ ယောက်ျားထွက်ပြေးလို့ မိန်းမကို ဖမ်းတယ်ဆိုတာ အဓိပ္ပာယ်မရှိဘူး၊ အခုလွှတ်ပေးလိုက် [Hey, don't do such disgraceful action. It doesn't make any sense to arrest a wife for her husband's action]
  40. ^ "ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင်၏ ဖုံးဝှက်ထားသော ရုပ်ပုံလွှာ". ထိုကဲ့သို့ စိတ်နေစိတ်ထားရှိသူသည် အာဏာသိမ်းပြီးနောက်ပိုင်း အာဏာသိမ်းမှုကို ဆန့်ကျင်သော ပြည်သူများအား ဖမ်းဆီးရာတွင် ယောက်ျားဖြစ်သူကို မတွေ့သည့်အခါ အမျိုးသမီးအား ဖမ်းဆီးရန်၊ ဆန္ဒပြသည့် သားသမီးများအား ဖမ်းဆီးမရသည့်အခါ မိဘဖြစ်သူများအား ဖမ်းဆီးချုပ်နှောင်ရန် အမိန့်ပေးလာခဲ့သည်။ ထို့ကဲ့သို့သော ဖြစ်ရပ်မျိုး နွေးဦးတော်လှန်ရေးတွင် များစွာဖြစ်ပေါ်ခဲ့သည်။
  41. ^ "ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင်၏ ဖုံးဝှက်ထားသော ရုပ်ပုံလွှာ". ထိုကဲ့သို့ စိတ်နေစိတ်ထားရှိသူသည် အာဏာသိမ်းပြီးနောက်ပိုင်း အာဏာသိမ်းမှုကို ဆန့်ကျင်သော ပြည်သူများအား ဖမ်းဆီးရာတွင် ယောက်ျားဖြစ်သူကို မတွေ့သည့်အခါ အမျိုးသမီးအား ဖမ်းဆီးရန်၊ ဆန္ဒပြသည့် သားသမီးများအား ဖမ်းဆီးမရသည့်အခါ မိဘဖြစ်သူများအား ဖမ်းဆီးချုပ်နှောင်ရန် အမိန့်ပေးလာခဲ့သည်။ ထို့ကဲ့သို့သော ဖြစ်ရပ်မျိုး နွေးဦးတော်လှန်ရေးတွင် များစွာဖြစ်ပေါ်ခဲ့သည်။
  42. ^ a b c d e f "Could Min Aung Hlaing's retirement break the political deadlock?". Frontier Myanmar. 12 January 2021. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  43. ^ "New commander in chief of defence services: General Min Aung Hlaing" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Mizzima, 30 March 2011.
  44. ^ Aye Aye Win, "Myanmar general defends military's political role" Archived 22 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, 27 March 2012.
  45. ^ a b "The game of Myanmar's Senior General". The Myanmar Times. 19 February 2020. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  46. ^ a b "Shwe Mann's Ouster, Military Involvement, and Implications for Myanmar's Elections". Stimson Center. 8 September 2015. Archived from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  47. ^ "Myanmar coup: Min Aung Hlaing, the general who seized power". BBC News. 1 February 2021. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  48. ^ Katie Hunt (13 November 2017). "Rohingya crisis: How we got here". CNN. Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  49. ^ a b c "What next for Senior General Min Aung Hlaing?". Frontier Myanmar. 24 August 2020. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  50. ^ "Military Chief Launches Charm Offensive Against Muslims, Hindus and Christians". Myanmar NOW. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  51. ^ "Tatmadaw chief sets sights on politics". The Myanmar Times. 1 July 2020. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  52. ^ "Facebook bans Min Aung Hlaing, army top brass after UN genocide allegations". Frontier Myanmar. 27 August 2018. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  53. ^ "Newsmaker: Ambitious but Cornered, Myanmar Army Chief Took Full Power". Reuters. 1 February 2021. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  54. ^ "Xi meets with Myanmar commander-in-chief of defense services". Xinhua News Agency. 18 January 2020. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  55. ^ "Min Aung Hlaing reshuffles senior military ranks ahead of election". Frontier Myanmar. 19 May 2020. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  56. ^ Open Letter to Senior General Min Aung Hlaing from U Kyaw Zaw Oo about damage to cultural heritage, fatalities and casualties incurred by intentional and indiscriminate attacks of Myanma Tatmadaw on non-military targets. Kyaw Zaw Oo. 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  57. ^ သမိုင်းဝင် ယဉ်ကျေးမှုဆိုင်ရာအဆောက်အအုံများအပါအဝင် စစ်ဖက်ပစ်မှတ်မဟုတ်သည့်နေရာများသို့ တမင်သက်သက် ပစ်ခတ်ကြသဖြင့် သေဆုံးထိခိုက်ကြရသည့်ကိစ္စ အိတ်ဖွင့်ပေးစာ (in Burmese). Kyaw Zaw Oo. 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  58. ^ "Criticized, Myanmar's Influential Monk Close to Coup Leader Breaks Silence on Killing Protesters". The Irrawaddy. 5 March 2021. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  59. ^ "Min Aung Hlaing's election remarks violate law, says President's Office". Myanmar NOW. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  60. ^ "ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီးမင်းအောင်လှိုင်သည် ဒုတိယသမ္မတအဆင့်ရှိသူဟု တပ်မတော်ထုတ်ပြန်". The Myanmar Times (in Burmese). 5 November 2020. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  61. ^ "Military chief Min Aung Hlaing vows to accept election results after public spat with government". Myanmar NOW. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  62. ^ "Commander-in-chief says 'constitution can be repealed'". Myanmar NOW. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  63. ^ "Tatmadaw chief's rhetoric fuels fears of a coup". Frontier Myanmar. 29 January 2021. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  64. ^ "Myanmar Election Authority Rejects Military Claims of Election Fraud". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  65. ^ Naing, Shoon (30 January 2021). "Myanmar military allays coup fears, says it will protect constitution". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  66. ^ "ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် တပ်မတော်ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ်ရုံး အမိန့်အမှတ်(၉/၂၀၂၁) ၁၃၈၂ ခုနှစ်၊ ပြာသိုလပြည့်ကျော် ၆ ရက် ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ ၂ ရက်". Tatmadaw Information Team (in Burmese). Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  67. ^ "Myanmar military announces new State Administration Council". The Myanmar Times. 2 February 2021. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  68. ^ "Myanmar junta leader says Suu Kyi in good health". Reuters. 22 May 2021. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  69. ^ "Min Aung Hlaing makes himself military supremo for life". Myanmar Now. 22 May 2021. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  70. ^ "Myanmar military leader takes new title of prime minister in caretaker government – state media". Reuters. 1 August 2021. Archived from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  71. ^ "Myanmar army ruler takes prime minister role, again pledges elections". Reuters. 1 August 2021. Archived from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  72. ^ Beech, Hannah (1 August 2021). "Top Myanmar General Says Military Rule Will Continue Into 2023". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  73. ^ "Sixth coordination meeting on COVID-19 prevention, control and treatment held; Chairman of State Administration Council Prime Minister of Caretaker Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Senior General Min Aung Hlaing delivers address". 2 August 2021. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021.
  74. ^ "State Administration Council Chairman Prime Minister Senior General Min Aung Hlaing addresses Council meeting 13/2021". 8 August 2021. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021.
  75. ^ "SAC Chairman Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Senior General Min Aung Hlaing delivers". 11 August 2021. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021.
  76. ^ Campbell, Charlie (13 April 2023). "TIME Magazine: "The 100 Most Influential People of 2023: Min Aung Hlaing"". TIME Magazine.
  77. ^ "La ASEAN dice que podría repensar el acuerdo de paz con Birmania si la junta militar sigue ejecutando prisioneros". Europa Press. 3 August 2022. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  78. ^ Paddock, Richard (25 July 2022). "Myanmar Executes Four Pro-Democracy Activists, Defying Foreign Leaders". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  79. ^ "Myanmar's Min Aung Hlaing meets Putin for first time since coup". www.aljazeera.com. 7 September 2022. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  80. ^ "Myanmar military announces strict new election law ahead of polls". Al Jazeera. 27 January 2023. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  81. ^ "Myanmar army set to cement rule with tough new election criteria". Reuters. 27 January 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  82. ^ "Min Aung Hlaing's Mania for the Presidency Is Alive and Well—and May Soon Bear Fruit". The Irrawaddy. 6 January 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  83. ^ "Myanmar military rulers extend state of emergency by six months". Al Jazeera. 1 February 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  84. ^ "Myanmar junta extends state of emergency, effectively delaying polls". Agence France-Presse. Yangon: France24. 1 February 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  85. ^ "Myanmar army chief vows to crush resistance in rare speech". BBC News. 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  86. ^ ‘Worst leader’: Military’s winter of discontent January 19, 2024. Frontier Myanmar. Archived January 20, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
  87. ^ Paddock, Richard (13 February 2024). "Its Forces Depleted, Myanmar Junta Says It Will Enforce a Military Draft". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  88. ^ "Myanmar's junta declares it will enforce military service laws for young people". The Guardian. 10 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  89. ^ "Min Aung Hlaing talks tough as Myanmar's armed forces face growing pressure". Al Jazeera. 28 March 2024.
  90. ^ "How did the shock missile attack at Pyin U Lwin, the military base, happen?". BBC News Myanmar. 15 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  91. ^ Nervy Myanmar Junta Boss Orders Alert as Alleged Assassination Plot Foiled. June 11, 2024. The Irrawaddy
  92. ^ 4 more people were arrested for plotting to attack the opening of Thanlyin Bridge. June 17, 2024. The Irrawaddy
  93. ^ "The leader of Myanmar's army government is named acting president so he can renew state of emergency". Associated Press. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  94. ^ "Son-in-law of former Senior General Than Shwe detained". The Nation (Thailand). 26 October 2024.
  95. ^ "Junta Arrests Son-in-Law of Ex-Myanmar Leader for 'Damaging State Peace and Stability'". The Irrawaddy. 25 October 2024.
  96. ^ "Relative of Myanmar's ex-leader arrested over social media posts". Radio Free Asia. 25 October 2024.
  97. ^ "Charity Leader Arrested in Junta Raid in Mandalay". The Irrawaddy. 31 October 2024.
  98. ^ "The son-in-law of former Myanmar's strongman is arrested over Facebook posts". New Haven Register. 25 October 2024.
  99. ^ "The Myanmar authorities have arrested a former military officer and son-in-law of a former junta chief for Facebook posts that threatened "peace and stability", the junta said". The Straits Times. 25 October 2024.
  100. ^ "Myanmar forces arrest son-in-law of country's former military ruler". Jurist (website). 28 October 2024.
  101. ^ Aung, David (8 February 2024). "Post-Coup Myanmar is a Family Business: Min Aung Hlaing & Co". The Irrawaddy.
  102. ^ "Leaked documents reveal global business links to Myanmar military crimes". Amnesty International. 10 September 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  103. ^ "Systemic Conflict of Interest in Myanmar Military Allows for Serious Corruption". Justice For Myanmar. 17 June 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  104. ^ a b "တပ်ချုပ်သားပိုင်ကုမ္ပဏီများကို အရေးယူရန် ကုလအချက်အလက်ရှာဖွေရေးအဖွဲ့ တောင်းဆို". Myanmar NOW (in Burmese). Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  105. ^ "Military Chief's Son Paid 'Very Low' Rent for His Upscale Restaurant on Government-Owned Land". Myanmar NOW. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  106. ^ a b "Dirty Secrets #2: Sr. Gen. Min Aung Hlaing's family profiting off of FDA and Customs clearances". Justice For Myanmar. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  107. ^ a b c "Military Chief's Family Members Spend Big on Blockbuster Movies, Beauty Pageants". Myanmar NOW. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  108. ^ "US Embassy Under Fire for Working With Firm Owned by Sanctioned Military Chief's Daughter". The Irrawaddy. 15 December 2020. Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  109. ^ Section, United Nations News Service (20 June 2016). "UN News – Myanmar must address 'serious' human rights violations against minorities – UN rights chief". UN News Service Section. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  110. ^ Farmaner, Mark (13 September 2017). "Only One Person Can Stop Ethnic Cleansing In Myanmar, And It Isn't Aung San Suu Kyi". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  111. ^ "Burma's Military Milestone". Human Rights Watch. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  112. ^ a b Nebehay, Stephanie (27 August 2018). "Myanmar generals had "genocidal intent" against Rohingya, must face justice – UN". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  113. ^ "Facebook bans Myanmar army chief over rights abuses". The Times of India. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.[dead link]
  114. ^ "Facebook bans Myanmar Army Chief Min Aung Hlaing, 19 others over rights abuses". News Nation. 27 August 2018. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  115. ^ "Myanmar army chief's Twitter account suspended over anti-Rohingya hate speech". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  116. ^ a b "US Tightens Sanctions on Myanmar Army Chief". Voice of America. 10 December 2019. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  117. ^ "Treasury Sanctions Individuals for Roles in Atrocities and Other Abuses". U.S. Department of the Treasury. Archived from the original on 7 December 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  118. ^ "Treasury Sanctions Individuals for Roles in Atrocities and Other Abuses". U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. 10 December 2019. Archived from the original on 7 December 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  119. ^ "United States Targets Leaders of Burma's Military Coup Under New Executive Order". The U.S. Department of the Treasury. 11 February 2021. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  120. ^ press release: "Treasury Sanctions Military Holding Companies in Burma," Archived 26 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine 25 March 2021, Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), U.S. Treasury Department, retrieved 28 December 2021
  121. ^ "Special Economic Measures Act (S.C. 1992, c. 17)". Justice Laws Website. 4 June 1992. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  122. ^ "Regulations Amending the Special Economic Measures (Burma) Regulations: SOR/2021-18". The Government of Canada. 18 February 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  123. ^ Raab, Dominic (25 February 2021). "UK sanctions further Myanmar military figures for role in coup: 25 February 2021:Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab announces further sanctions against members of Myanmar's State Administration Council". Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  124. ^ "Myanmar/Burma: EU sanctions 11 people over the recent military coup and ensuing repression". The Council of the European Union. 22 March 2021. Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  125. ^ "Official Journal of the European Union". 22 March 2021. pp. 15–24. Archived from the original on 26 March 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  126. ^ "တပ်မတော် ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ် ယာဘက် လက်သူကြွယ် ခွဲစိတ်မှုအောင်မြင်". Lotaya (in Burmese). Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  127. ^ "Commander-in-chief of Myanmar Defence Forces visits Eastern Naval Command". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  128. ^ Mike (25 April 2022). "Analysis: Myanmar Junta Chief Reveals His Egotism by Awarding Himself Honorary Titles". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  129. ^ Sai, Ko (18 April 2022). "Myanmar Regime Leader Awards Himself Two Highest Honorary Titles". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  130. ^ "ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီးမင်းအောင်လှိုင်ကို YMBA က ရာသက်ပန်နာယကကြီးဘွဲ့ ပေးအပ်". Myanmar NOW (in Burmese). 7 October 2019. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  131. ^ "တပ်ချုပ်ကို ဆုပေးသင့်ပေးထိုက်လို့ ဖော်ထုတ်ပြီးပေးတာပါလို့ YMBAအသင်းကရှင်း". BBC News (in Burmese). 10 October 2019. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021.
  132. ^ "YMBA က ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီးမင်းအောင်လှိုင်ကို သတိုးသီရိ အဂ္ဂမဟာမင်္ဂလဇောတိကဓဇ ဘွဲ့ချီးမြှင့်". DVB (in Burmese). 9 December 2020. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  133. ^ "Burmese Military Chief Receives Top Thai Honor". The Irrawaddy. 31 May 2013. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  134. ^ "MALAYSIA: REVOKE MILITARY AWARDS GIVEN TO MIN AUNG HLAING". Burma Campaign UK. January 2018. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2021 – via www.burmacampaign.org.uk.
  135. ^ "Thailand decorates Myanmar's army chief amid Rohingya crisis". Reuters. 17 February 2018. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  136. ^ "Military chief awarded Medal of the Ministry of Defence of Russia". Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  137. ^ "Senior General Min Aung Hlaing – Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services". Official Website of the Defence. 4 November 2020. Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  138. ^ "Russian Security Council Secretary presents Order of Alexander Nevsky to SAC Chairman Prime Minister Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, discussing enhanced bilateral cooperation". The Global New Light of Myanmar. 6 December 2023.

Media related to Min Aung Hlaing at Wikimedia Commons

Military offices
Preceded by Joint Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces
2010–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
2011–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded byas State Counsellor of Myanmar Chairman of the State Administration Council
2021–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by Acting President of Myanmar
2024–present
Vacant
Title last held by
Thein Sein (2011) 		Prime Minister of Myanmar
2021–present
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Min_Aung_Hlaing&oldid=1255606680"