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Steve Jobs in January 2010, a few months before the publication of "Thoughts on Flash"

"Thoughts on Flash" is an open letter published by Steve Jobs, co-founder and then-chief executive officer of Apple Inc., on April 29, 2010. The letter criticizes Adobe Systems' Flash platform and outlines reasons why the technology would not be allowed on Apple's iOS hardware products. The letter drew accusations of falsehood, hypocrisy, and ulterior motive. In retrospect many publications came to agree with Jobs.

Letter

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On April 29, 2010, Steve Jobs, the co-founder and then-chief executive officer of Apple Inc., published an open letter called "Thoughts on Flash" explaining why Apple would not allow Flash on the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad. He cited the rapid energy consumption, computer crashes, poor performance on mobile devices, abysmal security, lack of touch support, and desire to avoid "a third party layer of software coming between the platform and the developer". He touched on the idea of Flash being "open", claiming "by almost any definition, Flash is a closed system". Jobs dismissed the idea that Apple customers are missing out by being sold devices without Flash compatibility by quoting a number of statistics, concluding with "Flash is no longer necessary to watch video or consume any kind of web content."[1][2][3]

Response

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The letter drew immediate attention. In response to Jobs' accusations, Adobe's CEO Shantanu Narayen described the open letter as an "extraordinary attack", and, during an interview with The Wall Street Journal, called the problems mentioned by Jobs' "really a smokescreen". He further fired back at Apple, stating that computer crashes were due to Apple's operating system, and that allegations of battery drain were "patently false".[4][5] Various publications had different opinions on the topic. Wired's Brian Chen had in a 2009 article claimed Apple would not allow Flash on the iPhone for business reasons, due to the technology being able to divert users away from the App Store.[6] John Sullivan of Ars Technica agreed with Jobs, but highlighted the hypocrisy in his reasoning, writing: "every criticism he makes of Adobe's proprietary approach applies equally to Apple".[7] Dan Rayburn of Business Insider accused Steve Jobs of lying, particularly the sentiment that most content on the Internet is available in a different format.[8]

Retrospectively, more publications have agreed with Jobs. Ryan Lawler of TechCrunch wrote in 2012 "Jobs was right", adding Android users had poor experiences with watching Flash content and interactive Flash experiences were "often wonky or didn't perform well, even on high-powered phones".[9] Mike Isaac of Wired wrote in 2011 that "In [our] testing of multiple Flash-compatible devices, choppiness and browser crashes were common", and a former Adobe employee stated "Flash is a resource hog [...] It's a battery drain, and it's unreliable on mobile web browsers".[10] Kyle Wagner of Gizmodo wrote in 2011 that "Adobe was never really able to smooth over performance, battery, and security issues".[11]

iOS development

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In April 2010, Apple announced changes to its iPhone Developer Agreement, with details on new developer restrictions, particularly that only apps built using "approved" programming languages would be allowed on the App Store. The change impacted a number of companies that had developed tools for porting applications from their respective languages into native iPhone apps, with the most prominent example being Adobe's "Packager for iPhone", an iOS development tool in beta at the time.[12][13][14] The New York Times quoted an Adobe supporter alleging the policy to be anti-competitive.[15]

On May 3, 2010, New York Post reported that the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) were deciding which agency would launch an antitrust investigation into the matter.[16][17]

In September 2010, after having "listened to our developers and taken much of their feedback to heart", Apple removed the restrictions on third-party tools, languages and frameworks, and again allowing the deployment of Flash applications on iOS using Adobe's iOS Packager.[18][19]

On November 8, 2011, Adobe announced that it was ceasing development of the Flash Player plug-in for web browsers on mobile devices, and shifting its focus toward building tools to develop applications for mobile app stores.[20][21][22]

In 2021, former Apple head of software engineering Scott Forstall said in a taped deposition in the Epic Games v. Apple lawsuit that Apple had once helped Adobe try to port Flash for iPhone and iPad. Performance was "abysmal and embarrassing", and Apple never allowed Flash to be released for iOS.[23]

Flash end of life

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Main article: Adobe Flash § End of life

In July 2017, Adobe announced its intention to discontinue Flash (including security updates) altogether by the year 2020.[24][25] As of December 31, 2020, Flash support has ended. Adobe blocked Flash content from running in Flash Player beginning January 12, 2021.[26]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Jobs, Steve (April 29, 2010). "Thoughts on Flash". Apple Inc. Archived from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  2. ^ Slivka, Eric (April 29, 2010). "Steve Jobs Posts 'Thoughts on Flash' Open Letter". MacRumors. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  3. ^ Luoma, TJ (April 29, 2010). "Apple posts thoughts on Flash". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  4. ^ Valentino-Devries, Jennifer (April 29, 2010). "Highlights: The Journal's Exclusive Interview With Adobe CEO". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  5. ^ Arthur, Charles (April 29, 2010). "Adobe CEO hits back in row with Steve Jobs over Flash on Apple's iPhone". The Guardian. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  6. ^ Chen, Brian X. (November 17, 2009). "Why Apple won't allow Adobe Flash on iPhone". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  7. ^ Sullivan, John (April 30, 2010). "Pot, meet kettle: a response to Steve Jobs' letter on Flash". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  8. ^ Rayburn, Dan (April 29, 2010). "Steve Jobs Is Lying About Flash". Business Insider. Axel Springer SE. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  9. ^ Lawler, Ryan (June 30, 2012). "Steve Would Be Proud: How Apple Won The War Against Flash". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  10. ^ Isaac, Mike (November 9, 2011). "Adobe Had It Coming: The Long, Slow Goodbye of Mobile Flash". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  11. ^ Wagner, Kyle (November 9, 2011). "Report: Adobe Is Finally Pulling the Plug on Mobile Flash (Updated)". Gizmodo. Univision Communications. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  12. ^ Chen, Brian X. (April 8, 2010). "Adobe Apps: Easier to Pass Through the 'i' of a Needle?". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  13. ^ Gruber, John (April 8, 2010). "New iPhone Developer Agreement Bans the Use of Adobe's Flash-to-iPhone Compiler". Daring Fireball. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  14. ^ Kincaid, Jason (April 8, 2010). "Apple Gives Adobe The Finger With Its New iPhone SDK Agreement". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  15. ^ Wortham, Jenna (April 12, 2010). "Apple Places New Limits on App Developers". The New York Times. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  16. ^ Kosman, Josh (May 3, 2010). "An antitrust app". New York Post. News Corp. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  17. ^ Cheng, Jacqui (May 3, 2010). "Apple iPhone OS compiler policy may lead to antitrust probe". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  18. ^ Arthur, Charles (September 9, 2010). "Apple opens App Store to programs written in Adobe Flash – and more". The Guardian. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  19. ^ Sorrel, Charlie (September 9, 2010). "Apple eases app development rules, Adobe surges". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  20. ^ Golson, Jordan (November 8, 2011). "Adobe Discontinues Development of Flash Player on Mobile Devices". MacRumors. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  21. ^ Shankland, Stephen (November 8, 2011). "Adobe abandons Flash plug-in for mobile devices: report". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  22. ^ Siegler, MG (November 8, 2011). "Steve's Last Laugh: Adobe Killing Off Flash For Mobile Devices". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  23. ^ Espósito, Filipe (April 28, 2021). "Apple tried to help Adobe bring Flash to iOS, but the results were 'embarrassing'". 9to5Mac. Retrieved September 3, 2021. We did not ship Flash. We tried to make Flash work. We helped Adobe. We definitely were interested. Again, this is one where I thought if we could help make it work, this could be great. Flash has been such a problem because the way that it hooks into systems, it's been a virus nightmare on Windows, even on the Mac. And when we got it running on iOS, the performance was just abysmal and embarrassing and it could never get to something which would be consumer value add.
  24. ^ Warren, Tom (July 25, 2017). "Adobe will finally kill Flash in 2020". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
  25. ^ Barrett, Brian (July 25, 2017). "Adobe finally kills Flash dead". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
  26. ^ "Adobe Flash Player EOL General Information Page". Retrieved March 15, 2021.
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