Theocracy

Theocracy
form of government (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	political system (en)
Facet of (en)	state and religion (en)
Has characteristic (en)	clericalism (en)
Hannun riga da	state atheism (en) , Dimokaradiyya da secularism (en)

Theocracy wani nau'i ne na gwamnati da ake gane ɗaya ko fiye da alloli a matsayin manyan hukumomi masu mulki, suna ba da shiriya ga masu shiga tsakani na ’yan Adam waɗanda ke tafiyar da al’amuran yau da kullun na gwamnati. ^[2]

Kalmar theocracy ta samo asali daga Greek: θεοκρατία (theocratia) ma'ana "mulkin god". Wannan, bi da bi, ya samo daga θεός (theos), ma'ana "god", da κρατέω (krateo), ma'ana "don mulki". Don haka ma'anar kalmar a Hellenanci ita ce "mulkin god(s)" ko kuma jiki (s) na god(s).

Flavius Josephus ne ya fara ƙiran wannan kalmar a ƙarni na farko AD don kwatanta halin gwamnatin Yahudawa. Josephus ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da ’yan Adam suka sami tsarin mulki da yawa, yawancin za a iya karkata su ƙarƙashin nau’ukan nan uku: sarauta, mulkin mallaka, da dimokuradiyya. Amma, in ji Josephus, gwamnatin Yahudawa ta kasance na musamman. Josephus ya ba da kalmar “theocracy” don ya kwatanta wannan mulkin da god yake da iko a cikinsa kuma kalmarsa doka ce.

An yarda da ma'anar Josephus sosai har zuwa lokacin haskakawa, lokacin da kalmar ta ɗauki mummunan ma'ana kuma sharhin Hegel bai sami ceto ba. ^[3] An fara yin amfani da Turanci na farko a cikin shekarar 1622, tare da ma'anar "gwamnati ta sacerdotal karkashin wahayi na allahntaka" (kamar yadda yake a cikin Isra'ila na Littafi Mai-Tsarki kafin hawan sarakuna); An rubuta ma'anar "firist ko kungiyar addini mai amfani da siyasa da ikon jama'a" a cikin karni 1825.

Kalmar theocracy ta samo asali daga Koine Greek θεοκρατία,, “Mulkin god”, kalmar da Josephus ya yi amfani da shi don masarautun Isra’ila da Yahudawa, yana nuna ra’ayin cewa “an san god da kansa a matsayin shugaban” ƙasa. ^[4] Amfani da kalmar gama-gari na gama gari, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama cikin sharuddan mulki ta coci ko shugabancin addini, za a fi bayyana shi daidai a matsayin ecclesiocracy. ^[5]

A cikin tsantsar tsarin mulkin, an yarda shugaban farar hula yana da alaƙa da allahntaka ko alloli na addinin ko imani na wayewar, kamar jagorancin Annabi Muhammadu (SWA) na Musulmai na farko tare da annabce-annabce daga Allah. A cikin majami'u, shugabannin addinai suna ɗaukar babban matsayi a cikin jihar, amma ba sa da'awar cewa su kayan aikin wahayi ne na Allah.

Lamarin da ke da alaƙa shi ne gwamnatin da ba ruwanmu da addini da ke tare da addinin jiha ko kuma ba da wasu sassa na dokar farar hula ga al'ummomin addini. Alal misali, a Isra’ila, ƙungiyoyin addini da aka sani a hukumance ne ke gudanar da aure waɗanda kowannensu ke ba da hidimar aure ga mabiyansu da ake girmamawa, duk da haka babu wani nau’i na auren farar hula (ba tare da addini ba), ko kuma auren wasu tsirarun addinai da ba a amince da su ba.

Bisa ga ƙamus na Merriam-Webster, akwai ma'anoni biyu na kalmar "theocracy" : (1) gwamnatin jaha ta wurin shiriya nan take ko kuma ta jami’an da ake ganin shiriya; da (2) jihar da tsarin tsarin mulki ke mulki.

1. ↑ The imperial cult in Roman Britain-Google docs
2. ↑ Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language (1989 edition).
3. ↑ "Theocracy, n.". Oxford English Dictionary. 2015. Archived from the original on 21 July 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2015.Empty citation (help)
4. ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia "A form of civil government in which God himself is recognized as the head."
5. ↑ Stephen Palmquist, Biblical Theocracy: A vision of the biblical foundations for a Christian political philosophy (Hong Kong: Philopsychy Press, 1993), introduced these more precise uses of the terms in arguing that theocracy (in this pure sense) is the only political system defended in the Bible. While Palmquist defends theocracy in this pure form as a viable (though "non-political") political system, he warns that what normally goes by this name is actually ecclesiocracy, the most dangerous of all political systems.