Bran
Bran, nke a makwaara dị ka miller's bran, bụ akụkụ nke ọka ọka nke nwere akwa siri ike - aleurone na pericarp jikọtara ọnụ - gbara gburugburu endosperm. Bran ọka (maize) tinyekwara pedicel (okpu n'ọnụ). Tinyere nje ahụ, ọ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke mkpụrụ osisi dum, a na-emepụtakarịkwa ya dị ka ihe na-egwe ọka na mmepụta nke ọka a nụchara anụcha. Bran nwere ezigbo nri na-edozi ahụ, mana ọ na-esiri ike ịgbari n'ihi nnukwu ọdịnaya fiber; Ọdịnaya dị elu nke abụba na-ebelatakwa ndụ nchekwa ya n'ihi na mmanụ / abụba na-adịkarị mfe ịghọ rancid. Dị ka ndị dị otú a, a na-ewepụkarị ya na ọka n'oge a na-edozi ya - dịka ọmụmaatụ. n'ịhazi ọka wit ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ọka ọcha, ma ọ bụ na-emecha osikapa aja aja ka ọ bụrụ osikapa ọcha.
Bran dị na ọka ọka, gụnyere osikapa, ọka (mkpụrụ), ọka wit, oats, ọka bali, Rye, na millet. Bran abụghị otu ihe ahụ dị ka chaff, nke bụ ihe siri ike, nke nwere akpịrịkpa gbara ọka ahụ gburugburu, mana ọ bụghị akụkụ nke ọka ahụ n'onwe ya, nke ụmụ mmadụ na-apụghị ịgbari.[1]
Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Bran bara ụba nke ukwuu na eriri nri yana acid fatty dị mkpa, ma nwee nnukwu starch, protein, vitamin, na mineral nri nri. Ọ bụkwa isi iyi nke phytic acid, ihe na-edozi ahụ nke na-egbochi nnabata nke ihe oriri.
Ọdịnaya mmanụ dị elu nke bran na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma, otu n'ime ihe kpatara ya na-ekewakarị ya na ọka tupu nchekwa ma ọ bụ nhazi ọzọ. A na-agwọkarị Bran na-ekpo ọkụ iji mee ka ndụ nchekwa ya dịkwuo elu..
| Ihe oriri (%) | Ọka wit | Rye | Oat | Osikapa | Barley |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrates (ma e wezụga starch) | 45–50 | 50–70 | 16–34 | 18–23 | 70–80 |
| Starch | 13–18 | 12–15 | 18–45 | 18–30 | 8–11 |
| Protein | 15–18 | 8–9 | 13–20 | 15–18 | 11–15 |
| Ọrịa abụba | 4–5 | 4–5 | 6–11 | 18–23 | 1–2 |
Osikapa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osikapa bụ ihe na-esite na usoro Ịmịcha osikapa (mgbanwe nke osikapa na-acha nchara nchara ka ọ bụrụ osikapa ọcha), ọ nwekwara ihe Antioxidants dị iche iche. Akụkụ dị ukwuu nke osikapa nwere 12%-13% mmanụ na ihe ndị a na-apụghị ịhazi (4.3%). [citation needed] Nkebi a nwere tocotrienols (ụdị vitamin E), gamma-oryzanol, na beta-sitosterol; ihe ndị a niile nwere ike inye aka n'ibelata ọkwa plasma nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke profaịlụ lipid. Osikapa na-enwekwa oke nri (beta-glucan, pectin, na gum). O nwekwara ferulic acid, nke bụkwa akụkụ nke ọdịdị nke mgbidi mkpụrụ ndụ na-enweghị lignified. Nnyocha ụfọdụ na-atụ aro, agbanyeghị, arsenic inorganic dị na ọkwa ụfọdụ na brani osikapa. Otu nnyocha chọpụtara na ọkwa ahụ dị 20% karịa na mmiri ọṅụṅụ na-adịghị mma.[2]
Ojiji
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-ejikarị brane eme ihe iji mee ka achịcha (karịsịa Muffins) na ọka nri ụtụtụ baa ọgaranya, karịsịa maka abamuru nke ndị chọrọ ịbawanye nri ha. A pụkwara iji Bran mee ihe maka pickling (nukazuke) dịka na tsukemono nke Japan. Rice bran karịsịa na-achọta ọtụtụ ihe na Japan, ebe a maara ya dị ka nuka. E wezụga iji ya eme ihe maka ịsa ahụ, ndị Japan na-agbakwunye ya na mmiri mgbe ha na-esi osisi achara, ma jiri ya maka ịsa efere. Na Kitakyushu City, a na-akpọ ya jinda ma jiri ya mee ihe maka isi azụ̀, dị ka sardines.
A na-ejide brani osikapa n'elu ice blocks iji gbochie ha ịgbaze. [citation needed] A pụkwara iwepụta mmanụ alaka maka iji ya mee ihe n'onwe ya maka ebumnuche ụlọ ọrụ (dị ka na ụlọ ọrụ na-ese ihe), ma ọ bụ dị ka mmanụ isi nri, dị ka mmanụ osikapa.
Ọka ọka bara uru dị ka nri maka ọkụkọ na anụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ, dị ka akụkụ nke oke nri dị mma na ntinye ndị ọzọ. Wheatings, ihe a na-emepụta na-ejikarị eme ihe nke na-agụnye bran na ụfọdụ akụkụ nke endosperm fọdụrụnụ, gụnyere na ụdị a.
A chọpụtara na Bran bụ onye na-egbochi ihe na-aga nke ọma site na mmemme TV nke BBC bụ Gardeners' World. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ihe oriri a na-eji eme ihe maka ụmụ ahụhụ na-eri nri, dị ka nri na waxworms. A na-ejikwa brani ọka wit eme akpụkpọ anụ kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala narị afọ nke iri na isii.[3]
Nnyocha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka ọ dị na eriri ọka na iri ọka dum, bran nọ n'okpuru nyocha mbụ maka ikike imeziwanye nri na-edozi ahụ ma metụta ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala.[4][5]
Nkwụsi ike
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ozuzu, a na-agwọ bran na-ekpo ọkụ na ebumnuche nke ibelata rancidification na-adịghị mma, mana nyocha 2003 nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke oat bran chọpụtara usoro dị mgbagwoju anya ebe ọgwụgwọ okike na-arịwanye elu belatara mmepe nke hydrolytic rancidity na ilu na oge, mana mụbara oxidative rancidity. Ndị dere ya tụrụ aro na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kwesịrị ezu iji nweta lipase na-adịghị arụ ọrụ, mana ọ bụghị nke ukwuu iji mee ka polar lipids oxidizable mgbe echekwara ogologo oge.[6]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Alkylresorcinols
- Mkpụrụ ọka
- Acid anụ ahụ (IP6)
- Osikapa a na-agbari agbari
- Mkpụrụ vaịn
Ebem si dee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Catsberg (1990). Food Handbook. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. DOI:10.1007/978-94-009-0445-3_15. ISBN 978-94-009-0445-3. "chaff, which is indigestible for humans"
- ↑ Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Bran and Its Products Are an Order of Magnitude Higher than in Bulk Grain. Environmental Science & Technology. Pubs.acs.org (21 August 2008). Retrieved on 9 February 2010.
- ↑ Rossetti (1969). the plictho. Massachusetts: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 159–160. ISBN 978-0262180306.
- ↑ Barrett EM, Batterham MJ, Ray S, Beck EJ. (2019). "Whole grain, bran and cereal fibre consumption and CVD: a systematic review". British Journal of Nutrition 121 (8): 914–937. DOI:10.1017/S000711451900031X. PMID 30761962.
- ↑ Jefferson, A., & Adolphus, K. (2020). "The Effects of Increasing Intake of Intact Wheat Fibre or Wheat Bran on Gut Microbiota Diversity: A Systematic Review". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79 (OCE2): E531. DOI:10.1017/S0029665120004802.
- ↑ Lehtinen (2003). "Effect of Heat Treatment on Lipid Stability in Processed Oats". Journal of Cereal Science 37 (2): 215–221. DOI:10.1006/jcrs.2002.0496. ISSN 0733-5210. See figure 1 in particular