Musophagidae

Tauraco persa in aviario Birds of Eden in Africa Australi

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Animalia — Chordata

Classis : Aves 
Ordo : Musophagiformes 
Seebohm, 1890
Familia : Musophagidae 
Lesson, 1828

   

Palaeontologia

Oligocene - Holocene, 24–0 m.a.: 

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Possible Early Eocene record

Subdivisiones: Genera

*Corythaeola

• Corythaixoides
• Crinifer
• Ruwenzorornis
• Musophaga
• Tauraco

Synonyma

* Apopempsidae Brodkorb, 1971b

• Veflintornithidae Kašin, 1976

Musophagidae sunt familia avium ordinis Musophagiformium. Semizygodactylae sunt: quartus digitus ultro citroque verti potest; secundus autem et tertius digiti, qui semper porro ponuntur, in nonnullis speciebus coniunguntur. Musophagidis saepe sunt cristae prominentes et caudae longae; omnibus sunt pigmenta egregia et unica, quae earum pinnas virides rubrasque clarissimas colorant.

Musophagidae per traditionem cum cuculidis in ordine Cuculiformium coniunctae sunt, sed taxinomia Sibley-Ahlquist eas ad Musophagiformes, ordinem plenum, erigit. Per Opisthocomum hoazin cum aliis avibus coniungi possunt,^[1] sed haec theoria disputatur.^[2] Recentes enodationes geneticae ordinem Musophagiformium validae sustinent.^[3][4][5]

Musophagidae sunt aves arboreales magnitudinis mediae, quae in Africa sub-Saharana endemicae sunt, ubi in silvis, terra silvestri, et savanna habitant. Familia est una ex rarissimis avium familiis in Africa endemicae,^[6] quarum familiarum alia est Colliidae. Omnes species sunt frugivorae, sed etiam foliis, gemmis, floribusque vescuntur. Plantae generis Fici in earum diaeta partes magni momenti agunt. Alae sunt rotundae, caudae longae, crura valida, ut male volent sed bene currant.^[6]

Musophagidae congregari et non migrare solent, atque in gregibus familiaribus singularum usque ad decem moventur. Multae species sunt clamorosae. Vocationes clamoris alias faunas de praesentia praedatorum monent. Magnos ramulorum nidos in arboribus faciunt, ubi duo aut tria ova pariunt. Pullis nuper ex ovis excludentibus sunt plumae crassae et oculi aperti aut paene aperti.^[7]

Species Musophagidarum ordine taxinomico digestae sequuntur.^[8][9]

Ordo Musophagiformes Seebohm 1890

• Genus †Foro Olson, 1992?
  • †F. panarium Olson, 1992
• Familia Musophagidae Lesson 1828 [Apopempsidae Brodkorb, 1971b; Veflintornithidae Kašin, 1976]
  • Genus †Veflintornis Kašin 1976 [Apopempsis Brodkorb 1971 non Schenkling 1903]
    • †V. meini (Ballmann 1969) Kašin 1976 [Musophaga meini Ballmann 1969; Apopempsis meini (Ballmann 1969) Brodkorb 1971]
    • †V. africanus (Harrison 1980) [Musophaga africanus Harrison 1980; Apopempsis africanus (Harrison 1980)]
  • Subfamilia Corythaeolinae
    • Genus Corythaeola Heine 1860
      • Corythaeola cristata (Vieillot 1816) Heine 1860
  • Subfamilia Criniferinae
    • Genus Criniferoides Roberts 1926
      • Criniferoides leucogaster (Rüppell 1842) Roberts 1926
    • Genus Corythaixoides
      • Corythaixoides concolor
      • Corythaixoides personatus
    • Genus Crinifer
      • Crinifer piscator (Boddaert 1783)
      • Crinifer zonurus (Rüppell 1835)
  • Subfamilia Musophaginae
    • Genus Ruwenzorornis
      • Ruwenzorornis johnstoni
    • Genus Musophaga
      • Musophaga violacea Isert 1788
      • Musophaga rossae Gould 1852
    • Genus Tauraco
      • Tauraco bannermani (Bates 1923)
      • Tauraco leucolophus (Heuglin 1855)
      • Tauraco erythrolophus (Vieillot 1819)
      • Tauraco persa (Linnaeus 1758)
      • Tauraco corythaix (Wagler 1827)
      • Tauraco livingstonii Gray 1864
      • Tauraco fischeri (Reichenow 1878)
      • Tauraco schuettii (Cabanis 1879)
      • Tauraco schalowi (Reichenow 1891)
      • Tauraco hartlaubi (Fischer & Reichenow 1884)
      • Tauraco ruspolii Salvadori 1896
      • Tauraco porphyreolophus
      • Tauraco macrorhynchus (Fraser 1839)
      • Tauraco leucotis (Rüppell 1835)

• Ericson, P. G. P. 2006. "Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils." Biology Letters 2 (4): 543–47. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523. PMID 17148284. PMC 1834003. PDF. Archivum (PDF).
• Forshaw, Joseph Michael. 2002. Turacos: a natural history of the musophagidae. Illust. William T. Cooper. Melburni Victoriae: Nokomis Editions. ISBN 0958174202.
• Hackett, S. J. 2008. "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History." Science 320 (5884): 1763–68. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. PMID 18583609. Editio interretialis.
• Holzman, Barbara A. 2008. Tropical forest biomes. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33840-3. OCLC 470649845.
• Jarvis, E. D. 2014. "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds." Science 346 (6215): 1320–31. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMID 25504713. PMC 4405904. Abstractum.
• Marchant, S. 1991. In Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds, ed. Joseph Forshaw, 125. Londinii: Merehurst Press. ISBN 978-1-85391-186-6.

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Musophagidas spectant.

• International Touraco Society.
• Pelliculae. Internet Bird Collection.